Bradler, Sven

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","205"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Systematic Entomology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","222"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","39"],["dc.contributor.author","Bradler, Sven"],["dc.contributor.author","Robertson, James A."],["dc.contributor.author","Whiting, Michael F."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:42:17Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:42:17Z"],["dc.date.issued","2014"],["dc.description.abstract","The phasmatodeans or stick and leaf insects are considered to be a mesodiverse insect order with more than 3000 species reported mainly from the tropics. The stick insect subfamily Necrosciinae comprises approximately 700 described species in more than 60 genera from the Oriental and Australian region, forming the most species-rich subfamily traditionally recognized within Phasmatodea. However, the monophyly of this taxon has never been thoroughly tested and the evolutionary relationships among its members are unknown. We analyse three nuclear (18S and 28S rDNA, histone 3) and three mitochondrial (CO II, 12S and 16S rDNA) genes to infer the phylogeny of 60 species of stick insects that represent all recognized families and major subfamilies sensu Gunther and the remarkable diversity within Necrosciinae. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian techniques largely recover the same substantial clades, albeit with highly discordant relationships between them. Most members of the subfamily Necrosciinae form a clade. However, the genus Neohirasea-currently classified within Lonchodinae-is strongly supported as subordinate to Necrosciinae, whereas Baculofractum, currently classified within Necrosciinae, is strongly supported within Lonchodinae. Accordingly, we formally transfer Neohirasea and allied taxa (namely Neohiraseini) to Necrosciinae sensu nova (s.n.) and Baculofractum to Lonchodinae s.n. We also provide further evidence that Leprocaulinus, until recently recognized as Necrosciinae, belongs to Lonchodinae, and forms the sister taxon of Baculofractum. Furthermore, Lonchodinae is paraphyletic under exclusion of Eurycantha and Neopromachus. We reinstate the traditional view that Neopromachus and related taxa (Neopromachini sensu Gunther) are a subgroup of Lonchodinae and transfer those taxa + the New Guinean Eurycanthinae accordingly. Morphological evidence largely corroborates our molecular-based findings and also reveals that Menexenus fruhstorferi is a member of the genus Neohirasea and is thus transferred from Menexenus (Lonchodinae) to Neohirasea, as Neohirasea fruhstorferi comb.n. (Necrosciinae s.n.). Other phylogenetic results include Areolatae and Anareolatae each supported as polyphyletic, Heteropteryginae and Lanceocercata (Bayesian analysis) are monophyletic, albeit with low support, and Necrosciinae s.n. and Lonchodinae s.n. are recovered as sister taxa (Bayesian analysis)."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/syen.12055"],["dc.identifier.isi","000332599700002"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/33922"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Wiley-blackwell"],["dc.relation.issn","1365-3113"],["dc.relation.issn","0307-6970"],["dc.title","A molecular phylogeny of Phasmatodea with emphasis on Necrosciinae, the most species-rich subfamily of stick insects"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","6"],["dc.contributor.author","Robertson, James A."],["dc.contributor.author","Bradler, Sven"],["dc.contributor.author","Whiting, Michael F."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-12-19T15:14:39Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-12-19T15:14:39Z"],["dc.date.issued","2018"],["dc.description.abstract","(Phasmatodea) are large, tropical, predominantly nocturnal herbivores, which exhibit extreme masquerade crypsis, whereby they morphologically and behaviorally resemble twigs, bark, lichen, moss, and leaves. Females employ a wide range of egg-laying techniques, largely corresponding to their ecological niche, including dropping or flicking eggs to the forest floor, gluing eggs to plant substrate, skewering eggs through leaves, ovipositing directly into the soil, or even producing a complex ootheca. Phasmids are the only insects with highly species-specific egg morphology across the entire order, with specific egg forms that correspond to oviposition technique. We investigate the temporal, biogeographic and phylogenetic pattern of evolution of egg-laying strategies in Phasmatodea. Our results unequivocally demonstrate that the ancestral oviposition strategy for female stick and leaf insects is to remain in the foliage and drop or flick eggs to the ground, a strategy that maintains their masquerade. Other major key innovations in the evolution of Phasmatodea include the (1) hardening of the egg capsule in Euphasmatodea; (2) the repeated evolution of capitulate eggs (which induce ant-mediated dispersal, or myrmecochory); (3) adapting to a ground or bark dwelling microhabitat with a corresponding shift in adult and egg phenotype and egg deposition directly into the soil; and (4) adhesion of eggs in a clade of Necrosciinae that led to subsequent diversification in oviposition modes and egg types. We infer 16 independent origins of a burying/inserting eggs into soil/crevices oviposition strategy, 7 origins of gluing eggs to substrate, and a single origin each of skewering eggs through leaves and producing an ootheca. We additionally discuss the systematic implications of our phylogenetic results. Aschiphasmatinae is strongly supported as the earliest diverging extant lineage of Euphasmatodea. Phylliinae and Diapheromerinae are both relatively early diverging euphasmatodean taxa. We formally transfer Otocrania from Cladomorphinae to Diapheromerinae and recognize two tribes within Diapheromerinae: Diapheromerini sensu nov. and Oreophoetini sensu nov. We formally recognize the clade comprising Necrosciinae and Lonchodinae as Lonchodidae stat. rev. sensu nov."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.3389/fevo.2018.00216"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/57143"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.title","Evolution of Oviposition Techniques in Stick and Leaf Insects (Phasmatodea)"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","264"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","6920"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Nature"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","267"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","421"],["dc.contributor.author","Whiting, Michael F."],["dc.contributor.author","Bradler, S."],["dc.contributor.author","Maxwell, T."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:41:39Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:41:39Z"],["dc.date.issued","2003"],["dc.description.abstract","The evolution of wings was the central adaptation allowing insects to escape predators, exploit scattered resources, and disperse into new niches, resulting in radiations into vast numbers of species(1). Despite the presumed evolutionary advantages associated with full-sized wings (macroptery), nearly all pterygote (winged) orders have many partially winged (brachypterous) or wingless (apterous) lineages, and some entire orders are secondarily wingless (for example, fleas, lice, grylloblattids and mantophasmatids), with about 5% of extant pterygote species being flightless(2,3). Thousands of independent transitions from a winged form to winglessness have occurred during the course of insect evolution; however, an evolutionary reversal from a flightless to a volant form has never been demonstrated clearly for any pterygote lineage. Such a reversal is considered highly unlikely because complex interactions between nerves, muscles, sclerites and wing foils are required to accommodate flight(4). Here we show that stick insects (order Phasmatodea) diversified as wingless insects and that wings were derived secondarily, perhaps on many occasions. These results suggest that wing developmental pathways are conserved in wingless phasmids, and that 're-evolution' of wings has had an unrecognized role in insect diversification."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1038/nature01313"],["dc.identifier.isi","000180397600046"],["dc.identifier.pmid","12529642"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/46592"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Nature Publishing Group"],["dc.relation.issn","0028-0836"],["dc.title","Loss and recovery of wings in stick insects"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]