Fink, Bernhard

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","451"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","American Journal of Human Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","461"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","20"],["dc.contributor.author","Manning, John T."],["dc.contributor.author","Fink, Bernhard"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:13:07Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:13:07Z"],["dc.date.issued","2008"],["dc.description.abstract","Digit ratio (2D:4D) may be a correlate of prenatal sex steroids, and has been linked to traits, which are influenced by fetal testosterone and estrogen. Here we consider such links in a large Internet study of sex differences (the BBC Internet Study) in which finger lengths were self-measured. Consistent with lab-based findings the 2D:4D in this study shows sexual dimorphism, ethnic differences and higher dimorphism of right 2D:4D than left, thereby indicating that 2D:4D does measure real between-participant variation. High error in self-measurement of fingers reduces effect sizes. However, the large sample size gives assurance that significant effects are likely to be real. We controlled for ethnicity and sexual orientation by considering White heterosexuals only (153,429 participants). Sexual dimorphism was confirmed in 2D:4D and for the difference of right-left 2D:4D. After Bonferroni correction we found highly significant relationships with low effect sizes as follows. In males and females there were negative associations between 2D:4D and dominance. In males there were negative associations between 2D:4D and family size and factors associated with reproductive success. For females these associations were positive. For asymmetry we found U-shaped relationships with 2D:4D in both males and females. We found no relationship between 2D:4D and promiscuity (sociosexuality). In total, we considered 48 relationships and found 29 to be significant. We compare our findings with a similar study reported by Putz et al. (2004), which found only 2 out of 57 correlations to be significant and discuss possible reasons the discrepancies between the studies."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1002/ajhb.20767"],["dc.identifier.isi","000257099700010"],["dc.identifier.pmid","18433004"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/53821"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Wiley-liss"],["dc.relation.issn","1042-0533"],["dc.title","Digit ratio (2D : 4D), dominance, reproductive success, asymmetry, and sociosexuality in the BBC Internet Study"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","480"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Annals of Human Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","492"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","33"],["dc.contributor.author","Manning, John T."],["dc.contributor.author","Fink, Bernhard"],["dc.contributor.author","Neave, Nick"],["dc.contributor.author","Szwed, Anita"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:33:18Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:33:18Z"],["dc.date.issued","2006"],["dc.description.abstract","Background: Deviations of physical characteristics from bilateral symmetry, in otherwise symmetric individuals, are supposed to result from environmental perturbations during development. One cause of such perturbations may be sex steroids such as testosterone and oestrogen. Aim: The study examined the relationship between second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), a putative negative correlate with prenatal testosterone and a positive correlate with prenatal oestrogen, and asymmetry. Methods: Eleven traits (including the second and fourth finger lengths) were measured in a sample of 680 English children aged 2-18 years, and second to fifth finger lengths in samples of 120 Austrian and English undergraduate students aged from 17 to 30 years and 213 Polish adults aged from 26 to 90 years. Results: Significant U-shaped curvilinear associations between 2D:4D and all 11 traits were found in English children with the strongest associations between 2D:4D and composite asymmetry of second plus fourth digit, and second to fifth digits. Further investigation of the relation between 2D:4D and digit asymmetries in the sample of Austrian and English undergraduates and the Polish adults confirmed significant U-shaped relationships between 2D:4D and finger asymmetries. Conclusion: Our data show that both low 2D:4D (a marker of high prenatal testosterone) and high 2D:4D (a marker of high prenatal oestrogen) are associated with elevated levels of asymmetry and this relationship applies particularly to finger asymmetry."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1080/03014460600802551"],["dc.identifier.isi","000241100700007"],["dc.identifier.pmid","17060070"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/31936"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Taylor & Francis Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","0301-4460"],["dc.title","The second to fourth digit ratio and asymmetry"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","511"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","5"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Personality and Individual Differences"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","515"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","49"],["dc.contributor.author","Manning, John T."],["dc.contributor.author","Reimers, Stian"],["dc.contributor.author","Baron-Cohen, Simon"],["dc.contributor.author","Wheelwright, Sally"],["dc.contributor.author","Fink, Bernhard"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:38:54Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:38:54Z"],["dc.date.issued","2010"],["dc.description.abstract","The proportion proportion of women (PW) across occupations shows considerable variation. Here we hypothesize that occupational segregation could be moderated by the effect of testosterone (T), leading individuals to gender-typical choice of occupation. To test this, we examined the relationship between PW across 22 occupations and three putative correlates of T (the 2nd to 4th digit ratio [2D:4D], a supposed correlate of prenatal T [PT]; body height, a possible correlate of adult T [AT]; and a systemizing-empathizing score [SQ-EQ], a putative behavioural correlate of PT and AT) in a large internet survey. PW varied from 17% (Engineering/R&D) to 94% (Homemaker) per occupation. Compared to participants in female-typical jobs, participants in male-typical jobs tended to have low right hand 2D:4D and low right-left hand 2D:4D (Dr-l] (higher PT, women only), were taller (higher AT, men and women), and had higher SQ-EQ scores (higher PT and AT, men and women). With regard to women, the relationships for Dr-l and SQ-EQ (but not body height) remained significant when Whites only were considered. We conclude that in women Dr-I, and SQ-EQ are related to occupational segregation, suggesting that high PT and AT are found in women who are in male-typical occupations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.015"],["dc.identifier.isi","000280415700029"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/18866"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","0191-8869"],["dc.title","Sexually dimorphic traits (digit ratio, body height, systemizing-empathizing scores) and gender segregation between occupations: Evidence from the BBC internet study"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","527"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","American Journal of Human Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","533"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","23"],["dc.contributor.author","Manning, John T."],["dc.contributor.author","Fink, Bernhard"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:54:46Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:54:46Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","Objectives: Age at menarche (AAM) in the general population may be influenced by prenatal sex steroids. The ratio of the second and fourth digits (2D:4D) is a putative correlate of prenatal sex steroids, but the relationship of 2D:4D to AAM is controversial. Matchock ([2008]: Am J Hum Biol 20:487-489) has reported that right 2D:4D (but not left) was negatively related to AAM, but Helle ([2010a]: Am J Hum Biol 22:418-420) found no relationship. Here the association between 2D:4D, AAM, and self-reported rate of pubertal development (RPD) is considered. Methods: The sample consisted of self-measured finger lengths and AAM and RPD reported by women in the BBC internet study. Results: There were 70,658 white women who reported a mean (+/- SD) AAM of 12.54 (1.48) years. Right 2D:4D was negatively related to AAM and positively related to RPD. These relationships were independent of left 2D:4D, age and height. Between-country variation in right 2D:4D was also significantly related to AAM such that in countries with low 2D:4D women mean AAM was higher. Conclusions: In support of the findings of Matchock, right 2D:4D was found to be negatively related to AAM. In addition, right 2D:4D was positively related to RPD. In a sample of 19 countries, mean right 2D:4D was negatively correlated with mean national AAM. These findings suggest that women with high prenatal testosterone and low prenatal estrogen tend to show late menarche and slow pubertal development. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 23:527-533, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1002/ajhb.21186"],["dc.identifier.isi","000291898700010"],["dc.identifier.pmid","21547980"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/22744"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Wiley-blackwell"],["dc.relation.issn","1042-0533"],["dc.title","Is Low Digit Ratio Linked with Late Menarche? Evidence from the BBC Internet Study"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","491"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Personality and Individual Differences"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","499"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","41"],["dc.contributor.author","Fink, Bernhard"],["dc.contributor.author","Neave, Nick"],["dc.contributor.author","Manning, John T."],["dc.contributor.author","Grammer, Karl"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:30:39Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:30:39Z"],["dc.date.issued","2006"],["dc.description.abstract","Bilateral symmetry of physical traits is thought to reflect an individual's phenotypic quality, especially their ability to resist environmental perturbations during development. Therefore, facial symmetry may signal the ability of an individual to cope with the challenges of their environment. Studies concerning the relationship between symmetry and attractiveness lead to the conclusion that preferences for symmetric faces may have some adaptive value, We hypothesized that if symmetry is indeed indicative of an individual's overall quality, faces high in symmetry should receive higher ratings of attractiveness and health, but also be perceived as demonstrating certain positive personality attributes. College students' attributions of a set of 20 female faces varying in facial symmetry were recorded. As predicted, faces high in symmetry received significantly higher ratings of attractiveness, health, and certain personality attributes (i.e., sociable, intelligent, lively, self-confident, balanced). Faces low in symmetry were rated as being more anxious. These differences were not caused by an attractiveness stereotype. The present results lend further support to the notions that (i) facial symmetry is perceived as being attractive, presumably reflecting health certification and (ii) people also consider facial symmetry as a cue to an individuals' quality with regard to certain personality characteristics. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.paid.2006.01.017"],["dc.identifier.isi","000239495300009"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/31357"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","0191-8869"],["dc.title","Facial symmetry and judgements of attractiveness, health and personality"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","28"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Early Human Development"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","32"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","127"],["dc.contributor.author","Fink, Bernhard"],["dc.contributor.author","Manning, John T."],["dc.date.accessioned","2020-12-10T14:23:29Z"],["dc.date.available","2020-12-10T14:23:29Z"],["dc.date.issued","2018"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.09.007"],["dc.identifier.issn","0378-3782"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/71942"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-354"],["dc.title","Direct versus indirect measurement of digit ratio: New data from Austria and a critical consideration of clarity of report in 2D:4D studies"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","e23138"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","American Journal of Human Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","30"],["dc.contributor.author","Manning, John T."],["dc.contributor.author","Fink, Bernhard"],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-06-01T10:49:06Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-06-01T10:49:06Z"],["dc.date.issued","2018"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1002/ajhb.23138"],["dc.identifier.issn","1042-0533"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/86172"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI-Import GROB-425"],["dc.relation.issn","1042-0533"],["dc.title","Sexual dimorphism in the ontogeny of second (2D) and fourth (4D) digit lengths, and digit ratio (2D:4D)"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","776"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","6"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","American Journal of Human Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","782"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","18"],["dc.contributor.author","Fink, Bernhard"],["dc.contributor.author","Thanzami, Vanlal"],["dc.contributor.author","Seydel, Hanna"],["dc.contributor.author","Manning, John T."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:59:18Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:59:18Z"],["dc.date.issued","2006"],["dc.description.abstract","The ratio of the length of the second and fourth digits (2D:4D), a putative proxy of prenatal testosterone (PT), is correlated with measures of physical fitness. The relationship between the organizing effect of PT on physical fitness is likely to arise as a response to intrasexual male competition for females. Physical strength is also likely to be important in intrasexual conflict, but nothing is known concerning the relationship between 2D:4D and strength. The strength of an individual is strongly influenced by body size, and 2D:4D is strongly dependent on ethnicity. We present evidence that strength, as measured from hand-grip strength, is related to 2D:4D in samples from two ethnic groups (52 Caucasian men from Germany, and 88 Oriental Mizos men from northeast India) which differed markedly in size. We found that 1) the German men were heavier and stronger, but had higher 2D:4D (lower PT) than the Mizos men; 2) a median split for grip strength into low (LGS) and high (HGS) groups showed that for right-hand 2D:4D (but not left-hand 2D:4D), the LGS men had higher 2D:4D than the HGS men; and 3) the relationships between right 2D:4D and grip strength were independent of ethnicity, age, height, and weight. Measures of grip strength correlate strongly with strength in other muscle groups, so we conclude that PT may have an early organizing effect on strength in men, and this is likely to be widespread in human groups."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1002/ajhb.20549"],["dc.identifier.isi","000241544700005"],["dc.identifier.pmid","17039475"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/23857"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Wiley-liss"],["dc.relation.issn","1042-0533"],["dc.title","Digit ratio and hand-grip strength in German and Mizos men: Cross-cultural evidence for an organizing effect of prenatal testosterone on strength"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","711"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","International Journal of Obesity"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","714"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","30"],["dc.contributor.author","Fink, B."],["dc.contributor.author","Manning, John T."],["dc.contributor.author","Neave, N."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:02:05Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:02:05Z"],["dc.date.issued","2006"],["dc.description.abstract","Background: The ratio of the lengths of the 2nd and 4th digit (2D:4D) is negatively related to prenatal and adult concentrations of testosterone ( T). Testosterone appears to be a protective against myocardial infarction (MI) in men as men with low 2D: 4D are older at first MI than men with high 2D: 4D, and men with coronary artery disease have lower T levels than men with normal angiograms. Neck circumference (NC), a simple and time-saving screening measure to identify obesity is reported to be positively correlated with the factors of the metabolic syndrome, a complex breakdown of normal physiology characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, and is therefore likely to increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Objective: To investigate possible associations between 2D: 4D ratios and NC in men and women. Research methods and procedures: 2D:4D ratios, NC, along with measures of waist and hip circumferences, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio was recorded from 127 men and 117 women. Results: A significant positive correlation between 2D: 4D and NC and was found for men but not for women after controlling for body mass index (BMI); the higher the ratio the higher the NC. Discussion: This finding supports the suggestion of NC to serve as a predictor for increased risk for CHD as previously suggested. In addition, the present association suggests a predisposition for men towards CHD via 2D: 4D as proxy to early sex-steroid exposure."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1038/sj.ijo.0803154"],["dc.identifier.isi","000236339900020"],["dc.identifier.pmid","16261185"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/38157"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Nature Publishing Group"],["dc.relation.issn","0307-0565"],["dc.title","The 2nd-4th digit ratio (2D : 4D) and neck circumference: implications for risk factors in coronary heart disease"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","344"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Personality and Individual Differences"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","348"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","50"],["dc.contributor.author","Manning, John T."],["dc.contributor.author","Fink, Bernhard"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:59:30Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:59:30Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","The intake of nicotine (mainly through smoking) and alcohol has public health consequences. However, it is unclear whether all factors that affect individual and national rates of consumption are known. Prenatal testosterone (PT) may influence smoking and alcohol choices through effects on personality. Thus, morphological markers of PT may correlate with smoking and/or alcohol intake choices. Here we examine the relationship between individual values and national means of 2D:4D, a putative negative correlate of PT, and intake of nicotine and alcohol in a large sample of men and women, i.e. the BBC Internet Study. High intake of nicotine was related to high 2D:4D and high intake of alcohol with low 2D:4D. These findings were independent of sex, age, height, education, and individual choices regarding nicotine or alcohol intake. National means of 2D:4D were positively correlated with number of cigarettes consumed per nation after the removal of the effects of gross domestic product (GDP), average height and consumption of alcohol. Alcohol consumption correlated negatively with national 2D:4D after the influence of GDP, average height and consumption of cigarettes per nation were removed. We conclude that PT may have organising effects on smoking and alcohol intake choices. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.paid.2010.10.016"],["dc.identifier.isi","000286683400005"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/23916"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","0191-8869"],["dc.title","Digit ratio, nicotine and alcohol intake and national rates of smoking and alcohol consumption"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]