Laskawi, Raíner

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","397"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","401"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","64"],["dc.contributor.author","Ellies, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Schutz, S."],["dc.contributor.author","Quondamatteo, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Laskawi, Rainer"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:13:53Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:13:53Z"],["dc.date.issued","2006"],["dc.description.abstract","Purpose: We wanted to prove the hypothesis that local injections of botulinum toxin A have an influence on the immunoreactivity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in parotid glands of adult rats. Materials and Methods: Our group carried out immunohistochemical reaction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the parotid gland of female adult Wistar rats, in native (untreated) glands and after intraglandular injection of botulinum toxin A under general anesthesia. The immunoreactivity of nNOS was investigated on different times after injection. Results: Compared with the untreated glands, there was a significant decrease of nNOS in the treated organs that became stronger with extended toxin exposure time. After our laboratory in a pilot study had already shown in general a decrease of nNOS immunoreactivity after injection of botulinum toxin A into the cephalic salivary glands of the rat, the present study shows more explicit data on the effect of botulinum toxin A injection on a higher number of examined parotid glands and analyzes a time course of the effect duration. Conclusions: in our study, it was shown that botulinum toxin A had an influence on the immunoreactivity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in parotid glands. Participation of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of secretion from the parotid gland of the rat seems to be likely. It might be assumed that the influence of botulinum. toxin A on nNOS in the parotid gland of the rat is able to explain the sometimes longer duration of toxin effect at the neuroglandular junction than at the motor endplate. (c) 2006 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.joms.2005.11.029"],["dc.identifier.isi","000235786800008"],["dc.identifier.pmid","16487800"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/40513"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","W B Saunders Co-elsevier Inc"],["dc.relation.issn","0278-2391"],["dc.title","Immunohistochemical investigations of the influence of botulinum toxin A on the immunoreactivity of nNOS in the parotid gland of the rat"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","327"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","6"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Neuropediatrics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","330"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","33"],["dc.contributor.author","Ellies, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Rohrbach-Volland, S."],["dc.contributor.author","Arglebe, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Wilken, Barbara"],["dc.contributor.author","Laskawi, Rainer"],["dc.contributor.author","Hanefeld, Folker"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:46:56Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:46:56Z"],["dc.date.issued","2002"],["dc.description.abstract","Objectives: The present study investigates the effect of topical injections of botulinum toxin A into the cephalic salivary glands of children with chronic hypersalivation due to neurodegenerative diseases. Methods: Five children with hypersalivation due to severe neurological diseases received, under ultrasound guidance, a total of 50 - 65 units of botulinum toxin A (Botox((R))) into the parotid and submandibular glands on both sides. All injections were tolerated without local anaesthesia. Before and 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after toxin injection, salivary flow rates and the concentrations of total protein, alpha-amylase, acid phosphatase, kallikrein, and immunoglobulin A were measured in the secretions; simultaneously, the patients were clinically examined with regard to severity of symptoms, and their salivary glands were subjected to ultrasound study. Results: A distinct improvement of symptoms within the first 2 weeks following toxin administration were reported by the parents. Sialometry revealed considerably reduced flow rates but sialochemistry showed an increase of amylase activity. Ultrasound examination did not reveal any changes of the salivary parenchyma, and side-effects were absent. Conclusions: Treatment of drooling by topical injection of botulinum toxin A into the salivary glands is a reliable and also side-effect-free therapeutic option for children with neurological disorders. All children involved in our study experienced a distinct improvement of their quality of life."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1055/s-2002-37084"],["dc.identifier.isi","000181014100011"],["dc.identifier.pmid","12571790"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/34997"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Georg Thieme Verlag Kg"],["dc.relation.issn","0174-304X"],["dc.title","Successful management of drooling with botulinum toxin A in neurologically disabled children"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1251"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","11"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1256"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","58"],["dc.contributor.author","Ellies, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Laskawi, Rainer"],["dc.contributor.author","Tormahlen, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Gotz, W."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:31:39Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:31:39Z"],["dc.date.issued","2000"],["dc.description.abstract","Purpose: In this investigation, the effect of a local injection of botulinum toxin A on the concentration of acetylcholinesterase in the parotid gland of the rat was examined. Materials and Methods: After local injection into the parotid glands of female Wistar rats, the treated glands were excised, and immunohistochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase was performed. To discover possible changes in cell morphology after local application of botulinum toxin A, morphometric measurements also were performed on the excised parotid glands. Results: In contrast to the untreated, physiologic saline-injected, glands, there was a decrease in the concentration of acetylcholinesterase in the glands treated with botulinum toxin. No persistent changes in the number of acinar cells could be observed. Conclusions: Because the cholinergic pathway of the autonomic nervous system has great importance in the secretion of fluid from the salivary glands, blocking this pathway and local application of botulinum toxin offers a possible therapeutic option for the treatment of hypersalivation in various otolaryngologic and neurologic diseases. (C) 2000 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1053/joms.2000.16625"],["dc.identifier.isi","000165097400013"],["dc.identifier.pmid","11078136"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/17171"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","W B Saunders Co"],["dc.relation.issn","0278-2391"],["dc.title","The effect of local injection of botulinum toxin A on the parotid gland of the rat: An immunohistochemical and morphometric study"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1049"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","7"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1058"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","64"],["dc.contributor.author","Ellies, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Schaffranietz, F."],["dc.contributor.author","Arglebe, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Laskawi, Rainer"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:37:11Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:37:11Z"],["dc.date.issued","2006"],["dc.description.abstract","Purpose: We report on 52 juvenile and adolescent patients with benign and malignant tumors of the salivary glands. Controlled follow-up was carried out to examine outcome and side effects of therapy. Patients and Methods: The clinical files of 52 patients were evaluated by computer-based methods. Follow-up was comprised of the findings of our clinic as well as those of the primarily consulted physicians and, if possible, up-to-date examinations in our clinic. Results: Benign tumors had their highest incidence in puberty and postpuberty. Forty patients (20 girls and 20 boys; 77%) had benign growths and 12 patients (9 girls and 3 boys; 23%) suffered from malignant neoplasms. After surgery for benign tumors we saw no postoperative recurrences in long-term follow-up. In the group of malignant tumors, 8 patients (66.7%) survived their disease in the long-term follow-up. Conclusions: Salivary gland diseases are rare in childhood and adolescence. Their pattern of incidence differs very much from that of adults. This is particularly true for the malignant parotid tumors that are more frequent in juvenile patients, a fact that has to be considered in diagnosis and therapy. (C) 2006 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.joms.2006.03.006"],["dc.identifier.isi","000238605500009"],["dc.identifier.pmid","16781337"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/32779"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","W B Saunders Co-elsevier Inc"],["dc.relation.issn","0278-2391"],["dc.title","Tumors of the salivary glands in childhood and adolescence"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","454"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","457"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","61"],["dc.contributor.author","Ellies, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Laskawi, Rainer"],["dc.contributor.author","Rohrbach-Volland, S."],["dc.contributor.author","Arglebe, C."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:39:48Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:39:48Z"],["dc.date.issued","2003"],["dc.description.abstract","Purpose: In this study, we evaluated the clinical data for patients with drooling caused by various diseases, treated by injection of botulinum toxin A. We also present a controlled follow-tip study documenting efficiency, possible adverse events, and duration of the effect of treatment. Patients and Methods: Thirteen patients with drooling caused by head and neck carcinoma, neuro-degenerative diseases, or stroke received injections of 50 to 65 U botulinum toxin A (Botox; Allergan, Irvine, CA) in both submandibular and both parotid glands under sonographic control. We measured whole salivary flow rate and the salivary analytes of total protein, alpha-amylase, acid phosphatase, kallikrein, and immunoglobulin A at various times before and after injection. The patients were examined for severity of symptoms, including sonographic investigation of cephalic salivary glands. Results: All 13 patients reported a distinct improvement of their symptoms within 2 weeks after toxin injection. Three patients noted a return of high salivation rates after 12 weeks. Duration of toxin effect varied widely between individuals. In general, salivary flow rates dropped sharply within 1 week after injection but had risen again after 12 weeks. Conversely, analyte concentrations increased in the first stages of treatment and later decreased, returning to pretherapy levels. Sonography did not reveal any major changes of salivary gland parenchyma, and side effects were absent. Conclusions: Local injection of botulinum toxin A into the salivary glands proved to be a dependable therapy for drooling caused by various etiologies, as shown in 13 patients. Adverse events were not seen. The effect of toxin application lasted for about 3 months. To further clarify this aspect, long-term studies are under way. (C) 2003 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1053/joms.2003.50086"],["dc.identifier.isi","000181925400008"],["dc.identifier.pmid","12684962"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/46138"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","W B Saunders Co"],["dc.relation.issn","0278-2391"],["dc.title","Up-to-date report of botulinum toxin therapy in patients with drooling caused by different etiologies"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","129"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","136"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","70"],["dc.contributor.author","Laskawi, Rainer"],["dc.contributor.author","Schaffranietz, F."],["dc.contributor.author","Arglebe, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Ellies, M."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:35:49Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:35:49Z"],["dc.date.issued","2006"],["dc.description.abstract","Objective: To determine retrospectively the localization, etiology and treatment of inflammatory diseases of the salivary glands in infants and children and to evaluate treatment outcome. Patients and methods: Forty-five patients were treated in our institution in the period 1966-2000. The patients' records were evatuated and the results and side-effects of therapy were documented by a controlled follow-up study. Results: Twenty-five of our patients were females (55.6%) and 20 mates (44.4%). Inflammatory disorders figured most prominently in the group of patients between 12 and 16 years (n = 14). Inflammation of the submandibular glands was the most common disease with 53.3% (n = 24). The most frequent underlying cause in this subgroup of acute and chronic siatadenitis was sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland (40%). All patients were symptom-free in the tong-term follow-up and all were symptom-free after surgical intervention. Conclusions: The present study shows that diseases of the salivary glands are rare among infants and children. Acute and chronic sialadenitis not responding to conservative treatment requires an appropriate surgical approach. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.06.012"],["dc.identifier.isi","000234767800019"],["dc.identifier.pmid","16105693"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/45180"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Ireland Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","0165-5876"],["dc.title","Inflammatory diseases of the salivary glands in infants and adolescents"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","59"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","63"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","70"],["dc.contributor.author","Ellies, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Schutz, S."],["dc.contributor.author","Quondamatteo, Fabio"],["dc.contributor.author","Laskawi, Rainer"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:35:47Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:35:47Z"],["dc.date.issued","2006"],["dc.description.abstract","Purpose: In our study, we intend to investigate the influence of local injections of botulinum toxin A on the activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in submandibular glands of adult rats. Since interest has been focused on the role of nitric oxide (NO) as a possible neuromodulator of secretory regulation processes in the upper aerodigestive tract, it was the aim of the present study to show that the toxin also interferes with the metabolic actions of NO on investigated rat submandibular glands. It is of great clinical interest whether the NO pathway is able to influence salivary gland secretion. Increasing of knowledge in this field maybe helpful to treat sialorrhoea, especially in juvenile otolaryngologic and neurologic patients. Materials and methods: We performed immunohistochemical reaction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the submandibular gland of female adult Wistar rats, both in native (untreated) glands and after intraglandular injection of botulinum toxin A under general anesthesia. The immunoreactivity of nNOS was investigated on different times after injection. Results: Other than in the untreated glands, there was a significant decrease of nNOS in the treated organs, which became stronger with extended toxin exposure time. The present study shows explicit data on the effect of botulinum toxin A injection on a higher number of examined submandibular glands and is able to analyze a time course of the effect duration. Conclusion: In our study, it was shown that botulinum toxin A had an influence on the immunoreactivity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in submandibular glands. Therefore, the participation of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of secretion from these organs seems to be evident. It might be assumed that the influence of botulinum toxin A on nNOS in the submandibular gland of the rat is able to explain the sometimes longer duration of toxin effect at the neuroglandular junction than at the motor endplate. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.05.015"],["dc.identifier.isi","000234767800009"],["dc.identifier.pmid","16002154"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/45169"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Ireland Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","0165-5876"],["dc.title","The effect of local injection of botulinum toxin A on the immunoreactivity of nNOS in the rat submandibular gland: An immunohistochemical study"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","82"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","The Laryngoscope"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","86"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","112"],["dc.contributor.author","Ellies, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Laskawi, Rainer"],["dc.contributor.author","Rohrbach-Volland, S."],["dc.contributor.author","Arglebe, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Beuche, W."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:33:25Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:33:25Z"],["dc.date.issued","2002"],["dc.description.abstract","Objectives/Hypothesis: The study investigates the effect of local injections of botulinum. toxin type A (Botox) into the major salivary glands of the head in various states of hypersalivation. In particular, we studied pathological states with permanent as well as passing hypersalivation disorders and present new indications for local application of botulinum. toxin to the salivary glands. Study Design: Retrospective clinical investigation. Methods: A total of 55 to 65 units of Botox were injected under sonographic control into the left and right parotid and submandibular glands of four patients with hypersalivation resulting from head and neck carcinoma, tracheostomy, and \"idiopathic\" hypersalivation disorder. At defined time intervals following injection, flow rate, total protein and immunoglobulin A content, and the enzymatic activities of amylase, acid phosphatase, and kallikrein were determined in the saliva. The patients were clinically examined to assess the severity of their symptoms, including sonographic control of the major salivary glands. Results: All four patients reported distinct improvement of their symptoms within 1 week after injection. Salivary flow rate had considerably dropped, whereas the concentrations of the salivary components were much increased. Sonography did not reveal any changes of the salivary gland parenchyma. Therapeutic side effects were absent. Conclusions: Treatment of hypersalivation by local injections of Botox into the salivary glands of the head is a reliable and efficient therapy without side effects for certain otolaryngological diseases, especially if injections are performed under sonographic control. Extension of this therapeutic concept to other indications is suggested."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1097/00005537-200201000-00015"],["dc.identifier.isi","000173415300015"],["dc.identifier.pmid","11802043"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/44607"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Lippincott Williams & Wilkins"],["dc.relation.issn","0023-852X"],["dc.title","Botulinum toxin to reduce saliva flow: Selected indications for ultrasound-guided toxin application into salivary glands"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1856"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","10"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","The Laryngoscope"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1860"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","114"],["dc.contributor.author","Ellies, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Gottstein, U."],["dc.contributor.author","Rohrbach-Volland, S."],["dc.contributor.author","Arglebe, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Laskawi, Rainer"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:45:18Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:45:18Z"],["dc.date.issued","2004"],["dc.description.abstract","Objectives/Hypothesis. The aim of the study was the evaluation of the clinical data of 33 patients who had had drooling attributable to various diseases, salivary fistulas, and sialadenitis and had been treated with injection of botulinum toxin type A (Botox). A controlled follow-up study documenting efficiency, possible side effects, and duration of the effect of treatment was also performed. Study Design: Retrospective clinical evaluation. Methods. Thirty-three patients with drooling attributable to head and neck carcinoma, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, or idiopathic hypersalivation or with salivary fistula or chronic sialadenitis received injections of 20 to 65 U botulinum toxin type A into salivary glands under sonographic control. The entire salivary flow rate and the output per minute of the salivary analytes thiocyanate, total protein, alpha-amylase, acid phosphatase, kallikrein, and immunoglobulin A were measured at various times before and after injection. The patients were examined with regard to severity of their symptoms, including sonographic control investigation of their cephalic salivary glands. Results: Twenty-six patients (79% of all patients) reported a distinct improvement of their symptoms after toxin injection. Seven patients noted a return of high salivation rates and requested a second injection after 4 to 7 months. Duration of toxin effect varied widely among individuals. In general, salivary flow rates and thiocyanate output dropped sharply within 1 week after injection and had increased again after a period of 12 to 16 weeks. Conversely, amylase outputs increased during this period, whereas the outputs of the other analytes remained roughly constant. Sonography did not reveal any major changes in salivary gland parenchyma, and side effects were not noted. Conclusion: Reduction of salivary flow in patients with drooling, salivary fistulas, or chronic sialadenitis by local injection of botulinum toxin type A into the salivary glands proved to be a dependable therapy for these disorders, as shown in the present extended report on 33 patients. Side effects were not observed. The effect of toxin application lasted for approximately 3 months. Based on their results, the authors recommend botulinum toxin injection as the therapy of choice in patients with the problem of drooling."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1097/00005537-200410000-00033"],["dc.identifier.isi","000224468100033"],["dc.identifier.pmid","15454785"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/47475"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Lippincott Williams & Wilkins"],["dc.relation.issn","0023-852X"],["dc.title","Reduction of salivary flow with botulinum toxin: Extended report on 33 patients with drooling, salivary fistulas, and sialadenitis"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","140"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","ORL-JOURNAL FOR OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY AND ITS RELATED SPECIALTIES"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","143"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","65"],["dc.contributor.author","Ellies, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Laskawi, Rainer"],["dc.contributor.author","Schutz, S."],["dc.contributor.author","Quondamatteo, Fabio"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:39:24Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:39:24Z"],["dc.date.issued","2003"],["dc.description.abstract","The purpose of our study was to investigate the possible influence of local injections of botulinum toxin A on the activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in cephalic salivary glands of adult rats. The role of nitric oxide (NO) as a possible neuromodulator of vascular regulation and in particular regulation of secretion in the upper respiratory and aerodigestive tract is discussed. We present immunohistochemical evidence of nNOS in the salivary glands of female adult Wistar rats, both in native (untreated) glands and after intraglandular injection of botulinum toxin A under general anesthesia. Other than in the untreated glands, there was a significant decrease in nNOS in the treated organs which became stronger with extended toxin exposure time. After our laboratory had already shown a decrease in acetylcholinesterase immunoreactivity after injection of botulinum toxin A into the cephalic salivary glands of the rat, the present study discusses a possible participation of NO in the regulation of secretion from these organs. As a conclusion, it might be assumed that the influence of botulinum toxin A on nNOS in the cephalic salivary glands of the rat is able to explain the sometimes longer duration of the toxin effect at the neuroglandular junction than at the motor endplate. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1159/000072251"],["dc.identifier.isi","000185140900003"],["dc.identifier.pmid","12925814"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/46039"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Karger"],["dc.relation.issn","0301-1569"],["dc.title","Immunohistochemical evidence of nNOS and changes after intraglandular application of botulinum toxin A in cephalic salivary glands of adult rats"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]