Stein, Alexander J.

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","492"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","05"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Public Health Nutrition"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","501"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","10"],["dc.contributor.author","Stein, Alexander J."],["dc.contributor.author","Nestel, Penelope"],["dc.contributor.author","Meenakshi, J. V."],["dc.contributor.author","Qaim, Matin"],["dc.contributor.author","Sachdev, H. P. S."],["dc.contributor.author","Bhutta, Zulfiqar A."],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:44:30Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:44:30Z"],["dc.date.issued","2007"],["dc.description.abstract","To estimate the potential impact of zinc biofortification of rice and wheat on public health in India and to evaluate its cost-effectiveness compared with alternative interventions and international standards.The burden of zinc deficiency (ZnD) in India was expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost. Current zinc intakes were derived from a nationally representative household food consumption survey (30-day recall) and attributed to household members based on adult equivalent weights. Using a dose–response function, projected increased zinc intakes from biofortified rice and wheat were translated into potential health improvements for pessimistic and optimistic scenarios. After estimating the costs of developing and disseminating the new varieties, the cost-effectiveness of zinc biofortification was calculated for both scenarios and compared with alternative micronutrient interventions and international reference standards.India.Representative household survey (n = 119 554).The calculated annual burden of ZnD in India is 2.8 million DALYs lost. Zinc biofortification of rice and wheat may reduce this burden by 20–51% and save 0.6–1.4 million DALYs each year, depending on the scenario. The cost for saving one DALY amounts to 0.73–7.31, which is very cost-effective by standards of the World Bank and the World Health Organization, and is lower than that of most other micronutrient interventions.Not only may zinc biofortification save lives and prevent morbidity among millions of people, it may also help accommodate the need to economise and to allocate resources more efficiently. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1017/s1368980007223857"],["dc.identifier.gro","3150270"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/7016"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.relation.issn","1368-9800"],["dc.title","Plant breeding to control zinc deficiency in India: how cost-effective is biofortification?"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1200"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","10"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Nature Biotechnology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1201"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","24"],["dc.contributor.author","Stein, Alexander J."],["dc.contributor.author","Sachdev, H. P. S."],["dc.contributor.author","Qaim, Matin"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:44:47Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:44:47Z"],["dc.date.issued","2006"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1038/nbt1006-1200b"],["dc.identifier.gro","3150323"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/7074"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.issn","1087-0156"],["dc.title","Potential impact and cost-effectiveness of Golden Rice"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","unknown"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1797"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","8"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Social Science & Medicine"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1808"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","66"],["dc.contributor.author","Stein, Alexander J."],["dc.contributor.author","Meenakshi, J. V."],["dc.contributor.author","Qaim, Matin"],["dc.contributor.author","Nestel, Penelope"],["dc.contributor.author","Sachdev, H. P. S."],["dc.contributor.author","Bhutta, Zulfiqar A."],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:44:30Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:44:30Z"],["dc.date.issued","2008"],["dc.description.abstract","Iron deficiency is a widespread nutrition and health problem in developing countries, causing impairments in physical activity and cognitive development, as well as maternal mortality. Although food fortification and supplementation programmes have been effective in some countries, their overall success remains limited. Biofortification, that is, breeding food crops for higher micronutrient content, is a relatively new approach, which has been gaining international attention recently. We propose a methodology for ex ante impact assessment of iron biofortification, building on a disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) framework. This methodology is applied in an Indian context. Using a large and representative data set of household food consumption, the likely effects of iron-rich rice and wheat varieties are simulated for different target groups and regions. These varieties, which are being developed by an international public research consortium, based on conventional breeding techniques, might be ready for local distribution within the next couple of years. The results indicate sizeable potential health benefits. Depending on the underlying assumptions, the disease burden associated with iron deficiency could be reduced by 19–58%. Due to the relatively low institutional cost to reach the target population, the expected cost-effectiveness of iron biofortification compares favourably with other micronutrient interventions. Nonetheless, biofortification should not be seen as a substitute for other interventions. Each approach has its particular strengths, so they complement one another."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.01.006"],["dc.identifier.gro","3150268"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/7014"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.relation.issn","0277-9536"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Department für Agrarökonomie und Rurale Entwicklung"],["dc.subject","Iron deficiency; Biofortification; DALYs; Impact assessment; India; Cost-effectiveness analysis"],["dc.title","Potential impacts of iron biofortification in India"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dc.type.subtype","original_ja"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","21"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Global food security"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","29"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","17"],["dc.contributor.author","Gödecke, Theda"],["dc.contributor.author","Stein, Alexander J."],["dc.contributor.author","Qaim, Matin"],["dc.date.accessioned","2020-12-10T14:24:22Z"],["dc.date.available","2020-12-10T14:24:22Z"],["dc.date.issued","2018"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.gfs.2018.03.004"],["dc.identifier.issn","2211-9124"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/72227"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-354"],["dc.relation.haserratum","/handle/2/72229"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Department für Agrarökonomie und Rurale Entwicklung"],["dc.title","The global burden of chronic and hidden hunger: Trends and determinants"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original_ja"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","274"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","5"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Ernährungs-Umschau"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","280"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","56"],["dc.contributor.author","Qaim, Matin"],["dc.contributor.author","Stein, Alexander J."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:30:14Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:30:14Z"],["dc.date.issued","2009"],["dc.description.abstract","Biofortification of staple crops is a new approach to control micronutrient malnutrition. These crops are bred for higher concentrations of micronutrients in their edible parts. Especially in developing countries, the objective is to reach target populations that live in remote rural areas, where they are hardly covered by other micronutrient programmes. Initial studies indicate that it is possible to achieve acceptance of these crops among target groups. Analyses further show that these crops are economically efficient and can considerably reduce the burden of disease of micronutrient malnutrition, if the general conditions are favourable. In some cases, biofortified crops could also be an interesting alternative in industrialised countries."],["dc.identifier.isi","000266331900004"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/16842"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.relation.issn","0174-0008"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Department für Agrarökonomie und Rurale Entwicklung"],["dc.title","Biofortification of Staple Crops How well does it work and what does it cost?"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original_ja"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","46"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Global food security"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","22"],["dc.contributor.author","Gödecke, Theda"],["dc.contributor.author","Stein, Alexander J."],["dc.contributor.author","Qaim, Matin"],["dc.date.accessioned","2020-12-10T14:24:22Z"],["dc.date.available","2020-12-10T14:24:22Z"],["dc.date.issued","2019"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.gfs.2019.09.001"],["dc.identifier.issn","2211-9124"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/72229"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-354"],["dc.relation.iserratumof","/handle/2/72227"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Department für Agrarökonomie und Rurale Entwicklung"],["dc.title","Corrigendum to ‘The global burden of chronic and hidden hunger: Trends and determinants’"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","erratum_ja"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","119"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","s1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Agricultural Economics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","133"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","37"],["dc.contributor.author","Qaim, Matin"],["dc.contributor.author","Stein, Alexander J."],["dc.contributor.author","Meenakshi, J. V."],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:44:44Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:44:44Z"],["dc.date.issued","2007"],["dc.description.abstract","Micronutrient malnutrition is a serious public health problem in many developing countries. Different interventions are currently used, but their overall coverage is relatively limited. Biofortification—that is, breeding staple food crops for higher micronutrient contents—is a new agriculture-based approach, but relatively little is known about its ramifications. Here, the main factors influencing success are discussed and a methodology for economic impact assessment is presented. Ex ante studies from India and other countries suggest that biofortified crops can reduce the problem of micronutrient malnutrition in a cost-effective way, when targeted to specific situations. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings and address certain issues still unresolved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/j.1574-0862.2007.00239.x"],["dc.identifier.gro","3150329"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/7081"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.issn","0169-5150"],["dc.title","Economics of biofortification"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","144"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","World Development"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","158"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","36"],["dc.contributor.author","Stein, Alexander J."],["dc.contributor.author","Sachdev, H. P. S."],["dc.contributor.author","Qaim, Matin"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:44:40Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:44:40Z"],["dc.date.issued","2008"],["dc.description.abstract","Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) affects millions of people, causing serious health problems. Golden Rice (GR), which has been genetically engineered to produce β-carotene, is being proposed as a remedy. While this new technology has aroused controversial debates, its actual impact remains unclear. We develop a methodology for ex ante evaluation, taking into account health and nutrition details, as well as socioeconomic and policy factors. The framework is used for empirical analyses in India. Given broad public support, GR could more than halve the disease burden of VAD. Juxtaposing health benefits and overall costs suggests that GR could be very cost-effective."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.02.013"],["dc.identifier.gro","3150316"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/7067"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.issn","0305-750X"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Department für Agrarökonomie und Rurale Entwicklung"],["dc.title","Genetic Engineering for the Poor: Golden Rice and Public Health in India"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original_ja"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1151"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1169"],["dc.contributor.author","Stein, A. J."],["dc.contributor.author","Qaim, Matin"],["dc.contributor.author","Nestel, P."],["dc.contributor.editor","Preedy, Victor R."],["dc.contributor.editor","Watson, Ronald R."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-03-08T09:21:25Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-03-08T09:21:25Z"],["dc.date.issued","2010"],["dc.description.abstract","Although less obvious than outright lack of sufficient food, micronutrient malnutrition represents an economic and public health problem in many countries. Over the last years zinc deficiency has emerged as another major micronutrient deficiency, with a large proportion of the population being at risk, especially in the developing world. However, simple quantification of the number of people who suffer from a condition fails to take account of the depth of the problem. For comparison, monitoring or impact assessment purposes as well as cost-effectiveness or more general economic analyses, the health loss of a condition needs to be measured in a more comprehensive index. In this chapter the concept of disability-adjusted life years ( DALYs) is explained and a framework for its application to zinc deficiency is provided. DALYs were developed by the World Bank in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) and are today used by many relevant organizations and for analyses in very different fields, in particular at the global level or in developing countries. By weighting the loss of an individual’s functioning due to ill health – relative to death and complete health – DALYs allow measuring morbidity and mortality in a single index that can be aggregated and compared across different conditions. The methodology is explained and discussed, and general data and parameters to calculate the loss of DALYs due to zinc deficiency are reported for the example of India."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_65"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/12870"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","GRO-Li-Import"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.publisher","Springer"],["dc.publisher.place","New York"],["dc.relation.doi","10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_65"],["dc.relation.isbn","978-0-387-78664-3"],["dc.relation.isbn","978-0-387-78665-0"],["dc.relation.ispartof","Handbook of Disease Burdens and Quality of Life Measures"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Department für Agrarökonomie und Rurale Entwicklung"],["dc.title","Zinc Deficiency and DALYs in India: Impact Assessment and Economic Analyses"],["dc.type","book_chapter"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","125"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Food and Nutrition Bulletin"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","134"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","28"],["dc.contributor.author","Stein, Alexander J."],["dc.contributor.author","Qaim, Matin"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:44:48Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:44:48Z"],["dc.date.issued","2007"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1177/156482650702800201"],["dc.identifier.gro","3150339"],["dc.identifier.pmid","24683671"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/7092"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.issn","0379-5721"],["dc.title","The Human and Economic Cost of Hidden Hunger"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]