Engel, Kirsten Rita

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","133"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","138"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","261"],["dc.contributor.author","Wedekind, Dirk"],["dc.contributor.author","Neumann, Karolin"],["dc.contributor.author","Falkai, Peter"],["dc.contributor.author","Malchow, Berend"],["dc.contributor.author","Engel, Kirsten Rita"],["dc.contributor.author","Jamrozinski, Katja"],["dc.contributor.author","Havemann-Reinecke, Ursula"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:58:43Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:58:43Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","Elevations of serum homocysteine levels are a consistent finding in alcohol addiction. Serum S100B levels are altered in different neuropsychiatric disorders but not well investigated in alcohol withdrawal syndromes. Because of the close connection of S100B to ACTH and glutamate secretion that both are involved in neurodegeneration and symptoms of alcoholism the relationship of S100B and homocysteine to acute withdrawal variables has been examined. A total of 22 male and 9 female inpatients (mean age 46.9 +/- A 9.7 years) with an ICD-10 diagnosis of alcohol addiction without relevant affective comorbidity were examined on admission and after 24, 48, and 120 h during withdrawal. S100B and homocysteine levels in serum were collected, and severity of withdrawal symptoms (AWS-scale), applied withdrawal medication, initial serum ethanol levels and duration of addiction were recorded. Serum S100B and homocysteine levels declined significantly (P < .05) over time. Both levels declined with withdrawal syndrome severity. Females showed a trend to a more intense decline in serum S100B levels compared to males at day 5 (P = .06). Homocysteine levels displayed a negative relationship to applied amount of clomethiazole (P < .05) and correlated with age of onset of addiction. No withdrawal seizures were recorded during the trial. As it is known for homocysteine, S100B revealed to decline rapidly over withdrawal treatment in alcoholism. This effect is more pronounced in female patients. S100B could be of relevance in the neurobiology of alcohol withdrawal syndromes. It may be indirectly related to the level of stress level or glutamatergic activity during alcohol withdrawal."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s00406-010-0121-2"],["dc.identifier.isi","000287859300007"],["dc.identifier.pmid","20593192"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/6616"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/23711"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Springer"],["dc.publisher.place","Heidelberg"],["dc.relation.issn","0940-1334"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.title","S100B and homocysteine in the acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1163"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","16"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Psychiatric Research"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1169"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","44"],["dc.contributor.author","Wedekind, Dirk"],["dc.contributor.author","Herchenhein, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Kirchhainer, Julia"],["dc.contributor.author","Bandelow, Borwin"],["dc.contributor.author","Falkai, Peter"],["dc.contributor.author","Engel, Kirsten"],["dc.contributor.author","Malchow, Berend"],["dc.contributor.author","Havemann-Reinecke, Ursula"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:36:24Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:36:24Z"],["dc.date.issued","2010"],["dc.description.abstract","Alcohol addiction is associated with alterations of central nervous dopaminergic and serotonergic functions. Acute tryptophan depletion has not yet been applied in detoxified alcohol-addicted patients in order to investigate its impact on psychopathology, psychoneuroendocrinology, and substance craving behaviour. 25 alcohol-addicted males randomly either received a tryptophan-free or tryptophan-containing amino acid drink and 7 days later the respective other drink. Anxiety, depression, and craving were assessed before and 5 h after the drink. Tryptophan, 5-HIAA, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and HVA in serum were measured before and after both treatments. Nocturnal urinary cortisol measurements and genotyping for the HTTLPR polymorphism of the SLC6A4 gene were performed. Tryptophan depletion resulted in a significant reduction of total and free serum tryptophan while the tryptophan-rich drink increased serum levels. Both treatments caused a significant increase of serum serotonin levels, however, serum 5-HIAA was decreased after depletion but increased after sham depletion. Dopamine and norepinephrine were elevated after tryptophan depletion and sham. Depletion increased depression scores (MADRS), while the full amino acid drink improved state and trait anxiety ratings (STAI) and substance craving. Urinary cortisol excretion was not affected by both treatments. Patients with the II genotype of the serotonin transporter gene displayed lower baseline tryptophan levels compared to patients with the heterozygous genotype. Results suggest an impaired serotonergic function in alcohol-addicted males. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.04.002"],["dc.identifier.isi","000285952000007"],["dc.identifier.pmid","20579662"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/18303"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","0022-3956"],["dc.title","Serotonergic function, substance craving, and psychopathology in detoxified alcohol-addicted males undergoing tryptophan depletion"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","12"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","German Journal of Psychiatry"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","7"],["dc.contributor.author","Wedekind, Dirk"],["dc.contributor.author","Jacobs, Stefan"],["dc.contributor.author","Poser, Wolfgang"],["dc.contributor.author","Rüther, Eckart"],["dc.contributor.author","Schneider, Udo"],["dc.contributor.author","Cimander, Konrad"],["dc.contributor.author","Engel, Kirsten"],["dc.contributor.author","Havemann-Reinecke, Ursula"],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-10T08:13:27Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-10T08:13:27Z"],["dc.date.issued","2009"],["dc.description.abstract","Objective: Previous reports on heroin and cocaine addicts showed drug-related and gender differences in psychiatric comorbidity, which has relevant consequences for treatment. However, studies vary substantially with respect to methods and timeframes. Studies on German patient groups are scarce. Methods: Data on psychiatric and somatic comorbidity, substance addiction history, present intake patterns and sociodemography were obtained from 43 female (n=11) and male (n=32) heroin and cocaine addicts in acute inpatient detoxification treatment or specified long-term treatment. A European Addiction-Severity-Index (EuropASI) based centre questionnaire and the Mini-DIPS were applied. Results: Treatment groups did not differ in psychiatric comorbidity. Female subjects, however, had a significantly higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbid diagnoses (p<.05), mostly anxiety and affective disorders which significantly correlated with low occupational status (p<.05).Patients in long-term treatment abused more other substances and had an earlier onset of regular substance abuse (in particular alcohol and cannabis) (p<.05). Conclusion: Heroin and cocaine addicted females are more likely than males to have affective and anxiety disorders. Long-term treatment attenders appear to be more severely addicted (earlier onset and additional abuse) than acute treatment patients but do not differ in comorbidity. However, no axis-II diagnoses were recorded and the sample-size was small. Results should be regarded as preliminary (German J Psychiatry 2009; 12: 1-7)."],["dc.identifier.fs","541930"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/5950"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/61249"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.relation.issn","1455-1033"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Universitätsmedizin Göttingen"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.subject.ddc","610"],["dc.title","Psychiatric Comorbidity and Gender Effects in Heroin and Cocaine-Addicted Patients in Specified Long-Term Treatment and Acute Inpatient Detoxification Treatment"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","557"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","6"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","566"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","266"],["dc.contributor.author","Engel, K. R."],["dc.contributor.author","Obst, K."],["dc.contributor.author","Bandelow, B."],["dc.contributor.author","Dechent, P."],["dc.contributor.author","Gruber, O."],["dc.contributor.author","Zerr, I."],["dc.contributor.author","Ulrich, K."],["dc.contributor.author","Wedekind, D."],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-11-28T10:03:35Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-11-28T10:03:35Z"],["dc.date.issued","2015"],["dc.description.abstract","There is evidence that besides limbic brain structures, prefrontal and insular cortical activations and deactivations are involved in the pathophysiology of panic disorder. This study investigated activation response patterns to stimulation with individually selected panic-specific pictures in patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) and healthy control subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Structures of interest were the prefrontal, cingulate, and insular cortex, and the amygdalo-hippocampal complex. Nineteen PDA subjects (10 females, 9 males) and 21 healthy matched controls were investigated using a Siemens 3-Tesla scanner. First, PDA subjects gave Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) ratings on 120 pictures showing characteristic panic/agoraphobia situations, of which 20 pictures with the individually highest SAM ratings were selected. Twenty matched pictures showing aversive but not panic-specific stimuli and 80 neutral pictures from the International Affective Picture System were chosen for each subject as controls. Each picture was shown twice in each of four subsequent blocks. Anxiety and depression ratings were recorded before and after the experiment. Group comparisons revealed a significantly greater activation in PDA patients than control subjects in the insular cortices, left inferior frontal gyrus, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, the left hippocampal formation, and left caudatum, when PA and N responses were compared. Comparisons for stimulation with unspecific aversive pictures showed activation of similar brain regions in both groups. Results indicate region-specific activations to panic-specific picture stimulation in PDA patients. They also imply dysfunctionality in the processing of interoceptive cues in PDA and the regulation of negative emotionality. Therefore, differences in the functional networks between PDA patients and control subjects should be further investigated."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s00406-015-0653-6"],["dc.identifier.fs","624606"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/10614"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.eissn","1433-8491"],["dc.relation.issn","0940-1334"],["dc.title","Functional MRI activation in response to panic-specific, non-panic aversive, and neutral pictures in patients with panic disorder and healthy controls"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","unknown"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","904"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","7"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","913"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","11"],["dc.contributor.author","Wedekind, Dirk"],["dc.contributor.author","Broocks, Andreas"],["dc.contributor.author","Weiss, Nina"],["dc.contributor.author","Engel, Kirsten"],["dc.contributor.author","Neubert, Karin"],["dc.contributor.author","Bandelow, Borwin"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:38:05Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:38:05Z"],["dc.date.issued","2010"],["dc.description.abstract","Objectives. Regular aerobic exercise (running) has been shown to be superior to a pill placebo in the treatment of panic disorder. Combined drug and exercise treatment has not been investigated in randomized controlled studies to date. Methods. This is a randomized, 10-week, controlled, parallel group, pilot study. A total of 75 outpatients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (DSM-IV and ICD-10) received either (1) exercise plus paroxetine 40 mg/day (n = 21), (2) relaxation plus paroxetine (n = 17), (3) exercise plus pill placebo (n = 20), or (4) relaxation plus pill placebo (n = 17). Changes in the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (P&A), and the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) underwent repeated measure analysis. Results. Effects sizes were large for all groups (d = 1.53-3.87), however not significantly different. Paroxetine-treated patients were significantly more improved than placebo-treated patients. On the CGI, patients in the exercise groups (plus paroxetine or placebo) had a trend toward better improvement compared to relaxation (P = 0.06). Response and remission rates were higher in the paroxetine compared to pill placebo groups. Conclusions. While paroxetine was superior to placebo, aerobic exercise did not differ from relaxation training in most efficacy measures."],["dc.description.sponsorship","GlaxoSmithKline"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.3109/15622975.2010.489620"],["dc.identifier.isi","000282191400008"],["dc.identifier.pmid","20602575"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/18686"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Informa Healthcare"],["dc.relation.issn","1562-2975"],["dc.title","A randomized, controlled trial of aerobic exercise in combination with paroxetine in the treatment of panic disorder"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","8"],["dc.contributor.author","Wedekind, Dirk"],["dc.contributor.author","Bandelow, Borwin"],["dc.contributor.author","Heitmann, Soren"],["dc.contributor.author","Havemann-Reinecke, Ursula"],["dc.contributor.author","Engel, Kirsten-Rita"],["dc.contributor.author","Huether, Gerald"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:29:13Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:29:13Z"],["dc.date.issued","2013"],["dc.description.abstract","Background: Insecure early attachment experiences have been reported to play an important role in the manifestation in alcoholism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of attachment styles with anxiety, anxiety coping and dysfunctional personality styles, as well as with the prevalence of personality disorders, and adverse life-events in adolescence. Methods: 59 inpatient alcohol addicted male (n=43) and female (n=16) patients were characterized by an attachment style scale (Relationships-style-questionnaire-RSQ) and completed a questionnaire battery comprising the State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory (STAI), the Anxiety-Coping-Inventory (ABI), Temperament-and-character-inventory (TCI), Personality-system-interaction-inventory (PSI), and gave information on sociodemography, alcohol history, and adolescent adverse events. A structured interview (SKID-II) was performed to diagnose personality disorders. Results: Only 33% of subjects had a secure attachment style. Insecure attachment was associated with significantly higher trait-anxiety, higher cognitive avoidance to control anxiety, and higher values on most personality style dimensions directed to the pathological pole. Conclusions: Despite the limitation due to a small sample size, the results of this study show that the consideration of attachment styles is of significance in the diagnosis and therapy of alcohol addiction. Attachment may characterize different styles to control emotional aspects, anxiety cues and interpersonal relationships in individuals suffering from alcohol addiction."],["dc.description.sponsorship","Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2013"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1186/1747-597X-8-1"],["dc.identifier.isi","000317649000001"],["dc.identifier.pmid","23302491"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/8903"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/30968"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Biomed Central Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","1747-597X"],["dc.rights","CC BY 2.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"],["dc.title","Attachment style, anxiety coping, and personality-styles in withdrawn alcohol addicted inpatients"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","European Psychiatry"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","26"],["dc.contributor.author","Wedekind, Dirk"],["dc.contributor.author","Gruber, Oliver"],["dc.contributor.author","Obst, Katrin U."],["dc.contributor.author","Dechent, Peter"],["dc.contributor.author","Engel, Kirsten-Rita"],["dc.contributor.author","Ulrich, Kalinke"],["dc.contributor.author","Bandelow, Borwin"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:01:15Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:01:15Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.identifier.isi","000208641302154"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/24376"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier France-editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier"],["dc.publisher.place","Paris"],["dc.relation.issn","0924-9338"],["dc.title","FUNCTIONAL MRI ACTIVATION IN RESPONSE TO PANIC-SPECIFIC, NON-PANIC AVERSIVE, AND NEUTRAL IMAGERY IN PATIENTS WITH PANIC DISORDER AND HEALTHY CONTROLS"],["dc.type","conference_abstract"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","703"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","6"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Neural Transmission"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","716"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","116"],["dc.contributor.author","Engel, Kirsten"],["dc.contributor.author","Bandelow, Borwin"],["dc.contributor.author","Gruber, Oliver"],["dc.contributor.author","Wedekind, Dirk"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:29:27Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:29:27Z"],["dc.date.issued","2009"],["dc.description.abstract","Neuroimaging studies have gained increasing importance in validating neurobiological network hypotheses for anxiety disorders. Functional imaging procedures and radioligand binding studies in healthy subjects and in patients with anxiety disorders provide growing evidence of the existence of a complex anxiety network, including limbic, brainstem, temporal, and prefrontal cortical regions. Obviously, \"normal anxiety\" does not equal \"pathological anxiety\" although many phenomena are evident in healthy subjects, however to a lower extent. Differential effects of distinct brain regions and lateralization phenomena in different anxiety disorders are mentioned. An overview of neuroimaging investigations in anxiety disorders is given after a brief summary of results from healthy volunteers. Concluding implications for future research are made by the authors."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s00702-008-0077-9"],["dc.identifier.isi","000266926100010"],["dc.identifier.pmid","18568288"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?goescholar/3558"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/16654"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Springer"],["dc.publisher.place","Wien"],["dc.relation.issn","0300-9564"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.title","Neuroimaging in anxiety disorders"],["dc.type","review"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","BMC Psychiatry"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","19"],["dc.contributor.author","Timäus, Charles"],["dc.contributor.author","Meiser, Miriam"],["dc.contributor.author","Bandelow, Borwin"],["dc.contributor.author","Engel, Kirsten R."],["dc.contributor.author","Paschke, Anne M."],["dc.contributor.author","Wiltfang, Jens"],["dc.contributor.author","Wedekind, Dirk"],["dc.date.accessioned","2020-12-10T18:38:54Z"],["dc.date.available","2020-12-10T18:38:54Z"],["dc.date.issued","2019"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1186/s12888-019-2377-z"],["dc.identifier.eissn","1471-244X"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/16935"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/77475"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-354"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],["dc.title","Pharmacotherapy of borderline personality disorder: what has changed over two decades? A retrospective evaluation of clinical practice"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","5638"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","35"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Current Pharmaceutical Design"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","5644"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","18"],["dc.contributor.author","Engel, Kirsten-Rita"],["dc.contributor.author","Bandelow, Borwin"],["dc.contributor.author","Neumann, Charlott"],["dc.contributor.author","Obst, Katrin"],["dc.contributor.author","Wedekind, Dirk"],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-06-01T10:48:34Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-06-01T10:48:34Z"],["dc.date.issued","2012"],["dc.description.abstract","Visual emotional stimulation is supposed to elicit psycho-vegetative reactions, which are similar to as the ones elicited by exposure to actual experience. Visual stimulation paradigms have been widely used in studies on agoraphobia with and without panic disorder. However, the applied imagery has hardly ever been disorder-and subject-specific. 51 patients with an ICD-10 and DSM-IV diagnosis of agoraphobia with or without panic disorder (PDA) and matching healthy controls have been examined. Subjects were confronted with 146 picture showing characteristic agoraphobic situations (high places, narrow places, crowds, public transport facilities, or wide places) or pictures associated with acute physical emergency (panic) situations, which had been pre-selected by anxiety experts. Participants were asked to rate emotional arousal induced by the respective images on the Self-Assessment Manikin scale (SAM). Data on PDA severity (PAS) depressive symptoms (MADRS) and sociodemographic data were recorded. Saliva cortisol levels were measured before and after exposure in a second test applying the individually mostly feared stimuli combined with emotionally neutral pictures for every single patient. 117 of the PDA-specific images were rated significantly more fear-eliciting by patients than by healthy individuals. Sub-categorization into agoraphobia clusters showed differential effects of clusters with regard to gender distribution, severity of PDA and cortisol secretion during exposure. In this study disorder specific and individual characteristics of agoraphobia were assessed for use in future trials applying emotional imagery. It could be used for the differential assessment of PDA and associated neurobiological and psychological phenomena and in neuroimaging paradigms."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.2174/138161212803530862"],["dc.identifier.isi","000309968500005"],["dc.identifier.pmid","22632470"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/85983"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI-Import GROB-425"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Bentham Science Publ Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","1381-6128"],["dc.title","Disorder-Specific Emotional Imagery for Differential and Quantitative Assessment of Agoraphobia"],["dc.type","review"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]