Gerken, Martina

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","826"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Research in Veterinary Science"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","831"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","94"],["dc.contributor.author","Brinkmann, Lea"],["dc.contributor.author","Gerken, Martina"],["dc.contributor.author","Riek, Alexander"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:24:28Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:24:28Z"],["dc.date.issued","2013"],["dc.description.abstract","Outdoor group housing is increasingly recognized as an appropriate housing system for domesticated horses. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of potential feed shortage in semi-natural horse keeping systems in winter on animal health and welfare. In 10 female Shetland ponies blood concentrations (NEFA, total protein (TP), total bilirubin (TB), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and thyroxine (T-4)), body mass and the body condition score (BCS) were monitored for 7 months including a 4 months period of feed restriction in five of the 10 ponies. Restrictively fed animals lost 18.4 +/- 2.99% of their body mass and the BCS decreased by 2.2 +/- 0.8 points (BCS scale: 0 = emaciated, 5 = obese). Feed restriction led to a continuous increase in TB (P < 0.001) and NEFA (P < 0.01) concentrations compared to control ponies. The TP and BHB values only differed at the end of the trial with lower concentrations in restricted fed mares (P < 0.05). Feed restriction had no effect on thyroxine concentrations. TB concentrations in the feed restricted group were out of the reference range during the entire feeding trial. The increased NEFA concentrations in feed restricted compared to control ponies suggest that fat was mobilized. The BCS, as well as plasma NEFA and TB concentrations were good indicators for a rapid detection of possible health problems caused by undernourishment in horses when kept under semi-natural conditions. In contrast, blood parameters of the control animals were within the reference ranges, suggesting that a year round outdoor housing with additional feed supply is an adequate housing system for a robust horse breed like the Shetland pony. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.10.010"],["dc.identifier.isi","000318380600078"],["dc.identifier.pmid","23141417"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/29826"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Sci Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","0034-5288"],["dc.title","Effect of long-term feed restriction on the health status and welfare of a robust horse breed, the Shetland pony (Equus ferus caballus)"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","58"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Züchtungskunde"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","73"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","85"],["dc.contributor.author","Brinkmann, Lea"],["dc.contributor.author","Gerken, Martina"],["dc.contributor.author","Riek, Alexander"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:31:03Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:31:03Z"],["dc.date.issued","2013"],["dc.description.abstract","The aim of this study was to detect adaptation mechanisms of a domesticated horse breed to seasonal changes in climatic conditions and food availability. Therefore 10 female Shetland ponies were held under semi-extensive outdoor conditions for one year. During the second winter period the animals were allocated into one control and one treatment group, whose amount of feed was reduced from 100% to 70% of the recommended maintenance requirements. Throughout the study period, ambient temperature, body mass, body condition score, resting heart rate, locomotor activity, subcutaneous temperature (Ts), rectal temperature and total water intake were recorded individually on a biweekly or monthly basis. The Shetland ponies adapted to seasonal climatic changes and reduced feed availability by lowering their body mass, body condition score, locomotor activity; resting heart rate, Ts and total water intake. The reduced locomotor activity; resting heart rates and Ts indicate a reduced metabolic rate in winter. Additionally the diurnal rhythm of locomotor activity and Ts suggest a daily reduction in metabolism. Our Shetland ponies showed an effective adaptation to changes in environmental conditions by changes in behaviour, physiological parameters and metabolism. We therefore conclude that domestication had little effect on the Shetland ponies' adjustment mechanisms in relation to environmental conditions, as our data show clear signs of a hypometabolism."],["dc.identifier.isi","000209450400008"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/31450"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Eugen Ulmer Gmbh Co"],["dc.relation.issn","1867-4518"],["dc.relation.issn","0044-5401"],["dc.title","Adaptation strategies of Shetland ponies (Equus ferus caballus) to seasonal changes in climatic conditions and food availability"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","4320"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","24"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Experimental Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","4327"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","217"],["dc.contributor.author","Brinkmann, Lea"],["dc.contributor.author","Gerken, Martina"],["dc.contributor.author","Hambly, Catherine"],["dc.contributor.author","Speakman, John R."],["dc.contributor.author","Riek, Alexander"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:32:00Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:32:00Z"],["dc.date.issued","2014"],["dc.description.abstract","Recent results suggest that wild Northern herbivores reduce their metabolism during times of low ambient temperature and food shortage in order to reduce their energetic needs. It is, however, not known whether domesticated animals are also able to reduce their energy expenditure. We exposed 10 Shetland pony mares to different environmental conditions (summer and winter) and to two food quantities (60% and 100% of maintenance energy requirement) during low winter temperatures to examine energetic and behavioural responses. In summer, ponies showed a considerably higher field metabolic rate (FMR; 63.4 +/- 15.0 MJ day(-1)) compared with food-restricted and control animals in winter (24.6 +/- 7.8 and 15.0 +/- 1.1 MJ day(-1), respectively). During summer, locomotor activity, resting heart rate and total water turnover were considerably elevated (P<0.001) compared with winter. Animals on a restricted diet (N=5) compensated for the decreased energy supply by reducing their FMR by 26% compared with control animals (N=5). Furthermore, resting heart rate, body mass and body condition score were lower (29.2 +/- 2.7 beats min(-1), 140 +/- 22 kg and 3.0 +/- 1.0 points, respectively) than in control animals (36.8 +/- 41 beats min(-1), 165 +/- 31 kg, 4.4 +/- 0.7 points; P<0.05). While the observed behaviour did not change, nocturnal hypothermia was elevated. We conclude that ponies acclimatize to different climatic conditions by changing their metabolic rate, behaviour and some physiological parameters. When exposed to energy challenges, ponies, like wild herbivores, exhibited hypometabolism and nocturnal hypothermia."],["dc.description.sponsorship","German Research Foundation (DFG) [GE 704/13-1]"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1242/jeb.111815"],["dc.identifier.isi","000346420200012"],["dc.identifier.pmid","25359931"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/31649"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Company Of Biologists Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","1477-9145"],["dc.relation.issn","0022-0949"],["dc.title","Saving energy during hard times: energetic adaptations of Shetland pony mares"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","106806"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Small Ruminant Research"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","216"],["dc.contributor.author","Enke, Nick"],["dc.contributor.author","Brinkmann, Lea"],["dc.contributor.author","Runa, Rukhsana Amin"],["dc.contributor.author","Südekum, Karl-Heinz"],["dc.contributor.author","Tholen, Ernst"],["dc.contributor.author","Gerken, Martina"],["dc.date.accessioned","2022-11-01T10:16:34Z"],["dc.date.available","2022-11-01T10:16:34Z"],["dc.date.issued","2022"],["dc.description.sponsorship"," http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003385 Georg-August-Universität Göttingen"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106806"],["dc.identifier.pii","S092144882200195X"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/116598"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI-Import GROB-605"],["dc.relation.issn","0921-4488"],["dc.rights.uri","https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/"],["dc.title","Drinking behaviour of llamas (Lama glama) in choice tests for fresh or saline water"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","7600"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Scientific reports"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","7"],["dc.contributor.author","Riek, Alexander"],["dc.contributor.author","Brinkmann, Lea"],["dc.contributor.author","Gauly, Matthias"],["dc.contributor.author","Perica, Jurcevic"],["dc.contributor.author","Ruf, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Arnold, Walter"],["dc.contributor.author","Hambly, Catherine"],["dc.contributor.author","Speakman, John R."],["dc.contributor.author","Gerken, Martina"],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-09T11:44:52Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-09T11:44:52Z"],["dc.date.issued","2017-08-08"],["dc.description.abstract","Mammals typically keep their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow limit with changing environmental conditions. There are indications that some wild ungulates can exhibit certain forms of energy saving mechanisms when ambient temperatures are low and/or food is scarce. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine if the llama, one of the most extensively kept domestic livestock species, exhibits seasonal adjustment mechanisms in terms of energy expenditure, Tb and locomotion. For that purpose llamas (N = 7) were kept in a temperate habitat on pasture. Locomotor activity, Tb (measured in the rumen) and the location of each animal were recorded continuously for one year using a telemetry system. Daily energy expenditure was measured as field metabolic rate (FMR). FMR fluctuated considerably between seasons with the lowest values found in winter (17.48 ± 3.98 MJ d-1, 402 kJ kg-0.75 d-1) and the highest in summer (25.87 ± 3.88 MJ d-1, 586 kJ kg-0.75 d-1). Llamas adjusted their energy expenditure, Tb and locomotor activity according to season and also time of day. Thus, llamas seem to have maintained the ability to reduce their energy expenditure and adjust their Tb under adverse environmental conditions as has been reported for some wild ungulates."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1038/s41598-017-07946-7"],["dc.identifier.pmid","28790450"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/14938"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/59115"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.relation.issn","2045-2322"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],["dc.subject.ddc","630"],["dc.title","Seasonal changes in energy expenditure, body temperature and activity patterns in llamas (Lama glama)."],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1061"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","7"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Experimental Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1068"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","215"],["dc.contributor.author","Brinkmann, Lea"],["dc.contributor.author","Gerken, Martina"],["dc.contributor.author","Riek, Alexander"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:12:04Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:12:04Z"],["dc.date.issued","2012"],["dc.description.abstract","Recent results suggest that the wild ancestor of the horse, the Przewalski horse, exhibits signs of a hypometabolism. However, there are speculations that domestic animals lost the ability to reduce energy expenditure during food shortage and adverse environmental conditions. Therefore, we investigated physiological and behavioural strategies employed by a robust domesticated horse breed, the Shetland pony, over the course of a year under temperate conditions by measuring ambient temperature (T-a), subcutaneous temperature (T-s), locomotor activity (LA), lying time, resting heart rate, body mass and body condition score. Ten animals were kept on pasture in summer and in open stables in winter; further, in winter the animals were allocated into one control and one feed-restricted group of five animals each to simulate natural seasonal food shortage. The annual course of the mean daily T-s of all horses showed distinct fluctuations from a mean of 35.6 +/- 0.5 degrees C, with higher variations in summer than in winter. Diurnal amplitudes in T-s were highest (P<0.001) in April (12.6 degrees C) and lowest in January (4.0 degrees C), with a nadir around dawn and a peak around mid-day. The feed-restricted group had a significantly lower daily T-s compared with the control group on cold winter days, with T-a values below 0 degrees C. Mean annual heart rate and LA followed T-a closely. Heart rate of the feed-restricted animals significantly decreased from a mean of 52.8 +/- 8.1. beats. min(-1) in summer to 29 +/- 3.9. beats. min(-1) in winter and differed from the control group (P<0.001). Mean daily LA was lowest at the end of winter (7000. activity impulses day(-1)) and highest in summer (25,000. activity. impulses. day(-1)). Our results show that Shetland ponies exhibit signs of a winter hypometabolism indicated by reduced heart rate and T-s. Thus, domesticated horses seem to have maintained the capacity for seasonal adaptation to environmental conditions by seasonal fluctuations in their metabolic rate."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1242/jeb.064832"],["dc.identifier.isi","000301299500011"],["dc.identifier.pmid","22399650"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/26866"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Company Of Biologists Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","0022-0949"],["dc.title","Adaptation strategies to seasonal changes in environmental conditions of a domesticated horse breed, the Shetland pony (Equus ferus caballus)"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","45"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Applied Animal Behaviour Science"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","51"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","215"],["dc.contributor.author","Gabor, Vivian"],["dc.contributor.author","Wall, Sophie"],["dc.contributor.author","Gerken, Martina"],["dc.contributor.author","Brinkmann, Lea"],["dc.date.accessioned","2020-12-10T14:22:27Z"],["dc.date.available","2020-12-10T14:22:27Z"],["dc.date.issued","2019"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.applanim.2019.04.002"],["dc.identifier.issn","0168-1591"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/71615"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-354"],["dc.title","Does inattentional blindness exist in horses (Equus caballus)?"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","120"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Research in Veterinary Science"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","128"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","129"],["dc.contributor.author","Runa, Rukhsana Amin"],["dc.contributor.author","Gerken, Martina"],["dc.contributor.author","Riek, Alexander"],["dc.contributor.author","Brinkmann, Lea"],["dc.date.accessioned","2020-12-10T15:21:08Z"],["dc.date.available","2020-12-10T15:21:08Z"],["dc.date.issued","2020"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.12.014"],["dc.identifier.issn","0034-5288"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/72931"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-354"],["dc.title","Boer goats physiology adaptation to saline drinking water"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","2559"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","16"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Experimental Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","2566"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","219"],["dc.contributor.author","Brinkmann, Lea"],["dc.contributor.author","Gerken, Martina"],["dc.contributor.author","Hambly, Catherine"],["dc.contributor.author","Speakman, John R."],["dc.contributor.author","Riek, Alexander"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:10:09Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:10:09Z"],["dc.date.issued","2016"],["dc.description.abstract","During winter, free-living herbivores are often exposed to reduced energy supply at the same time that energy needs for thermoregulation increase. Several wild herbivores as well as robust horse breeds reduce their metabolism during times of low ambient temperature and food shortage. Thyroid hormones (THs) affect metabolic intensity and a positive effect of THs on basal metabolic rate (BMR) has been demonstrated in mammals and birds. As BMR and field metabolic rate (FMR) are often assumed to be intrinsically linked, THs may represent a reliable indicator for FMR. To test this hypothesis, 10 Shetland pony mares were kept under semi-extensive central European conditions. During the winter season, one group was fed 60% and one group 100% of their maintenance energy requirements. We measured FMR, locomotor activity, resting heart rate and TH levels in summer and winter. FMR, locomotor activity, resting heart rate and total T-3 concentrations decreased substantially in winter compared with summer, whereas total T-4 increased. Food restriction led to a reduced FMR and resting heart rate, while THs and locomotor activity were not affected. Across both seasons, FMR, resting heart rate and locomotor activity were positively correlated with total T-3 but negatively and more weakly correlated with total T-4."],["dc.description.sponsorship","German Research Foundation (DFG) [GE 704/13-1]"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1242/jeb.138784"],["dc.identifier.isi","000381708300024"],["dc.identifier.pmid","27312472"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/39800"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Company Of Biologists Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","1477-9145"],["dc.relation.issn","0022-0949"],["dc.title","Thyroid hormones correlate with field metabolic rate in ponies, Equus ferus caballus"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Animal Science Journal"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","93"],["dc.contributor.affiliation","Enke, Nick; 1\r\nDepartment of Animal Sciences\r\nUniversity of Göttingen\r\nGöttingen Germany"],["dc.contributor.affiliation","Brinkmann, Lea; 1\r\nDepartment of Animal Sciences\r\nUniversity of Göttingen\r\nGöttingen Germany"],["dc.contributor.affiliation","Tholen, Ernst; 2\r\nInstitute of Animal Science\r\nUniversity of Bonn\r\nBonn Germany"],["dc.contributor.affiliation","Gerken, Martina; 1\r\nDepartment of Animal Sciences\r\nUniversity of Göttingen\r\nGöttingen Germany"],["dc.contributor.author","Enke, Nick"],["dc.contributor.author","Brinkmann, Lea"],["dc.contributor.author","Südekum, Karl‐Heinz"],["dc.contributor.author","Tholen, Ernst"],["dc.contributor.author","Gerken, Martina"],["dc.date.accessioned","2022-04-01T10:00:25Z"],["dc.date.available","2022-04-01T10:00:25Z"],["dc.date.issued","2022"],["dc.date.updated","2022-06-14T21:53:30Z"],["dc.description.abstract","Abstract Horses lose high amounts of Na through excessive sweating. These fluid losses can often not be replaced completely by voluntary water intake, requiring saline solutions as rehydration therapy to regain electrolyte balance. The experiment aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and tolerance of Shetland ponies towards different Na concentrations in their drinking water and contained three phases: (1) control: only fresh water provided; (2) pairwise‐preference test: choice between fresh water and saline solution with stepwise increasing sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25%, or 1.5%); and (3) free‐choice test: six simultaneously provided buckets containing NaCl concentrations of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, or 1.25%. During the pairwise test, the ponies did not distinguish between fresh and 0.25% NaCl‐water but demonstrated clear preference for 0.5%, whereas >0.75% NaCl was avoided/rejected. During the free‐choice test, a pronounced preference of fresh over saline water was exhibited. The Na intake via salt lick was not reduced as response to higher Na intakes via water. The ponies exhibited a remarkable sensory discrimination capacity to detect different NaCl concentrations in their drinking water. The acceptance of solutions with low NaCl levels (0.25/0.5%) without adverse effects demonstrates potential as rehydration solution for voluntary intake."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/asj.13697"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/105423"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI-Import GROB-530"],["dc.relation.eissn","1740-0929"],["dc.relation.issn","1344-3941"],["dc.rights","This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made."],["dc.rights.uri","http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"],["dc.title","Sensitivity of ponies to sodium in the drinking water"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]