Hessel, Engel F.

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","45"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Equine Veterinary Science"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","52"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","32"],["dc.contributor.author","Werhahn, Hanna"],["dc.contributor.author","Hessel, Engel F."],["dc.contributor.author","van den Weghe, Herman F. A."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:16:07Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:16:07Z"],["dc.date.issued","2012"],["dc.description.abstract","Although welfare of animals has become more important, housing horses in systems that limit natural behavior patterns is still widespread. Single stalls are the predominant housing system in Germany, especially for competition horses. Free exercise on fields or paddocks helps to improve welfare for the animals, but allowing it is not taken for granted by many horse keepers. In the present study, three common management practices were investigated with regard to their effect on the behavior of six competition horses housed in single stalls: 2-hour turnout after training in groups of two horses (group turnout [GT]), solitary turnout (ST) after training for 2 hours, and no turnout (NT) in addition to training. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the horses' behavior during turnout, training, and in the stable caused by the treatments. This article focuses on the behavior and activity patterns during turnout. The horses' behavior was observed directly by the scan sampling method (5-minute interval), and the distance covered during turnout was measured by global positioning system devices. During turnout, the horses spent most of the time eating. After 1 hour of being turned out, eating decreased, and occupation, locomotion, and social interaction increased. When turnout was allowed in groups (GT), the horses spent more time in social interactions and less time walking and trotting than in ST. Therefore, they also covered a greater distance in ST than in GT. The distance covered in ST also showed a greater deviation both within and between days compared with GT. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.jevs.2011.06.007"],["dc.identifier.isi","000298936100008"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/27865"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Science Inc"],["dc.relation.issn","0737-0806"],["dc.title","Competition Horses Housed in Single Stalls (I): Behavior and Activity Patterns during Free Exercise According to Its Configuration"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","22"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Equine Veterinary Science"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","31"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","32"],["dc.contributor.author","Werhahn, Hanna"],["dc.contributor.author","Hessel, Engel F."],["dc.contributor.author","van den Weghe, Herman F. A."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:16:07Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:16:07Z"],["dc.date.issued","2012"],["dc.description.abstract","Although housing horses in single stalls limits their natural behavior to a great extent, this housing system is widespread in Germany, especially for competition horses. To improve the welfare of this system, free exercise on pastures or paddocks is deemed suitable, but it is also feared because of injuries and decreased willingness or motivation to perform. In the present study, three treatments were investigated with regard to their effect on the behavior of six competition horses in the stable, behavior during training, and on their degree of stress: daily training without free exercise (no turnout [NT]), solitary turnout for 2 hours after training, and 2-hour turnout in groups of two after training (group turnout). The horses' behavior in the stable was continuously analyzed through video recordings (2 Pm to 6 Am) on 3 days at the end of each treatment. The degree of stress was evaluated daily by heart rate variability at rest. The behavior during training was evaluated by a questionnaire answered by the riders, and the distance covered during training was measured by global positioning system. When NT was allowed, the horses showed less lying in the stable compared with the treatments with turnout. Heart rate variability measurements resulted in great individual differences, but generally, there was a higher degree of stress shown with the treatment NT according to the following parameters: standard deviation of inter-beat-intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between successive inter-beat-intervals (RMSSD), and ratio between low frequency and high frequency (LF/HF). The willingness to perform was evaluated as being slightly better in the treatments with turnout than in the treatment without turnout. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.jevs.2011.06.009"],["dc.identifier.isi","000298936100005"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/7076"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/27864"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Science Inc"],["dc.relation.issn","0737-0806"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.title","Competition Horses Housed in Single Stalls (II): Effects of Free Exercise on the Behavior in the Stable, the Behavior during Training, and the Degree of Stress"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dc.type.version","submitted_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","417"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","7"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Equine Veterinary Science"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","425"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","31"],["dc.contributor.author","Werhahn, Hanna"],["dc.contributor.author","Hessel, Engel F."],["dc.contributor.author","Schulze, Hanna"],["dc.contributor.author","van den Weghe, Herman F. A."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:54:35Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:54:35Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","In Germany, most competition horses are housed in single stalls and free exercise is not permitted in many cases. The reason for not allowing free exercise is mostly the risk of injury. Additionally, opinions exist that the horses' demand for exercise is fulfilled by training and that the horses' willingness to perform is negatively influenced by free exercise. In the present study, three turnout practices were investigated with regard to their effect on the behavior of four horses: daily training without free exercise (no turnout), 2-hour turnout (for free exercise) before training, and 2-hour turnout after training. The aim of this study was to determine any differences in the horses' behavior between the three treatments. The horses' behavior in the stable was observed through video recordings. The behavior during turnout was observed directly and during training was evaluated by the riders with the aid of a questionnaire. Additionally, the distance covered during turnout was measured by Global Positioning System devices. The behavior within the stall was more restless in the treatment without turnout-which became apparent in significantly more frequent changes between behaviors as compared with the treatments with turnout. The results of Global Positioning System measurement during turnout showed a significantly shorter distance covered when horses were trained before they were turned out compared with turnout before training. If the horses were turned out after training, they also showed less trotting and cantering and more dozing. The horses' willingness to perform was not significantly different between the three treatments. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.jevs.2011.01.006"],["dc.identifier.isi","000293311400010"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/7074"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/22700"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Science Inc"],["dc.relation.issn","0737-0806"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.title","Temporary Turnout for Free Exercise in Groups: Effects on the Behavior of Competition Horses Housed in Single Stalls"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dc.type.version","submitted_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","425"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","8"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Equine Veterinary Science"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","431"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","30"],["dc.contributor.author","Werhahn, Hanna"],["dc.contributor.author","Hessel, Engel F."],["dc.contributor.author","Bachhausen, Irene"],["dc.contributor.author","van den Weghe, Herman F. A."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:40:53Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:40:53Z"],["dc.date.issued","2010"],["dc.description.abstract","The effects of three different bedding materials (straw, wood shavings, and straw pellets) on the behavior of six warmblood horses (four mares, two of them with foals) housed in single stalls were analyzed. Each material was used for 2 weeks in three consecutive runs. The behavior of the horses was videotaped and analyzed on the first and last 3 days for each bedding alternative in the last of the three runs. The time budgets for the behaviors including standing, eating, lying, occupation with bedding material, and other were generated. Compared with straw pellets and wood shavings, the application of straw bedding led to a significantly higher frequency and longer duration of occupation with bedding material and in turn, shorter fractions of standing and other behaviors. The total duration of lying was significantly longer on straw than on straw pellets. Straw pellets resulted in the least mean recumbency duration per occurrence of this behavior. Because occupation is one of the important functions that bedding material is supposed to fulfill, we concluded that in regard to horse behavior, straw bedding was the best among the three materials analyzed. Further investigations with a more homogeneous group of probands are necessary to verify the observed behavioral reactions."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.jevs.2010.07.005"],["dc.identifier.isi","000281535200007"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/19342"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Science Inc"],["dc.relation.issn","0737-0806"],["dc.title","Effects of Different Bedding Materials on the Behavior of Horses Housed in Single Stalls"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]