Schmahl, Günter A.

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","483"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal de Physique. IV, Proceedings"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","486"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","104"],["dc.contributor.author","Eimüller, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Fischer, P."],["dc.contributor.author","Guttmann, Peter"],["dc.contributor.author","Denbeaux, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Scholz, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Kohler, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Schmahl, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Bayreuther, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Schutz, G."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:40:32Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:40:32Z"],["dc.date.issued","2003"],["dc.description.abstract","Transmission x-ray microscopy with the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism as a contrast mechanism was used to image the field dependent evolution of magnetic domains in artificially nanostructured strips of a multilayered Fe/Gd system. A diversity of domain configurations have been imaged for different strengths of the applied magnetic field and different widths of the strips, varying between 100 nm, and 1 mum. Undulating domain patterns, analogous to those observed in other condensed matter systems could be found."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1051/jp4:20030127"],["dc.identifier.isi","000183273900114"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/46320"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.relation.conference","7th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy"],["dc.relation.eventlocation","GRENOBLE, FRANCE"],["dc.relation.issn","1155-4339"],["dc.title","Multilayered magnetic nanostrips studied by transmission X-ray microscopy"],["dc.type","conference_paper"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","6478"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","9"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Applied Physics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","6480"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","87"],["dc.contributor.author","Eimüller, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Kalchgruber, R."],["dc.contributor.author","Fischer, P."],["dc.contributor.author","Schutz, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Guttmann, Peter"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmahl, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Kohler, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Prugl, K."],["dc.contributor.author","Scholz, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Bammes, F."],["dc.contributor.author","Bayreuther, G."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:53:53Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:53:53Z"],["dc.date.issued","2000"],["dc.description.abstract","A multilayered FeGd system sputtered on a Si3N4-membrane was used to demonstrate that magnetic transmission x-ray microscopy enables the imaging of the domain structure with high resolution in a quantitative way and in varying external magnetic fields. The field-dependent evolution of sub-100 nm out-of-plane magnetized domains, i.e., the transition from stripe into bubble domains, could be observed in detail. It has been shown that critical fields like the bubble collapse field can be described by a wall energy model. Contrary to the assumption of the theory, the magnetization does not remain perpendicular to the film plane in all cases. This is only true inside the bubbles. In the stripe domains the magnetic moments rotate. Their angle could be measured as a function of the external applied field. Internal stray fields can cause a rotation of moments leading to a contrast at the edges of stripe domains. The results indicate that the magnetization reversal in 3d/4f multilayers is not only determined by wall motions and is therefore more complex than previously assumed. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)80108-5]."],["dc.identifier.isi","000086728800192"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/49444"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Amer Inst Physics"],["dc.publisher.place","Melville"],["dc.relation.conference","44th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials"],["dc.relation.eventlocation","SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA"],["dc.relation.issn","0021-8979"],["dc.title","Quantitative imaging of magnetization reversal in FeGd multilayers by magnetic transmission x-ray microscopy"],["dc.type","conference_paper"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","91"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal de Physique. IV, Proceedings"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","94"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","104"],["dc.contributor.author","Eimüller, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Niemann, B."],["dc.contributor.author","Guttmann, Peter"],["dc.contributor.author","Fischer, P."],["dc.contributor.author","Englisch, U."],["dc.contributor.author","Vatter, R."],["dc.contributor.author","Wolter, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Seiffert, S."],["dc.contributor.author","Schmahl, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Schutz, G."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:40:28Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:40:28Z"],["dc.date.issued","2003"],["dc.description.abstract","The first transmission x-ray microscope, dedicated for magnetic imaging is currently being built at the beamline ID-10 at BESSY II in Berlin using a helical undulator which provides photons with circular-, horizontal-, vertical. and linear polarization under various angles in the energy range between 0.2 and 2 keV. The microscope will use the x-ray circular and the x-ray linear magnetic dichroism as a magnetic contrast to study ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic domains. A condenser with dynamical aperture synthesis will produce a reduced, spatially fixed, incoherent, and vertically dispersed image of the source, which will be matched to the aperture of the micro zone plate (MZP). In an object field of 15 mum by 15 mum a monochromaticity of E/DeltaE = 1700 will be obtained, which is sufficient for magnetic spectromicroscopy, enabling us to investigate lateral distributions of magnetic moments separated by different elements, chemical shifts and even by spin and orbital contributions. A solenoid and/or lithographically patterned microcoils will allow studying magnetization reversal processes on different time scales, down to a sub-nanoseconds level where precessional switching and damping mechanisms occur."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1051/jp4:200300036"],["dc.identifier.isi","000183273900023"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/46307"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.relation.conference","7th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy"],["dc.relation.eventlocation","GRENOBLE, FRANCE"],["dc.relation.issn","1155-4339"],["dc.title","The magnetic transmission X-ray microscopy project at BESSY II"],["dc.type","conference_paper"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","7334"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","10"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Applied Physics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","7336"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","91"],["dc.contributor.author","Eimuller, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Scholz, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Guttmann, Peter"],["dc.contributor.author","Kohler, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Bayreuther, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Schmahl, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Fischer, P."],["dc.contributor.author","Schutz, G."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:29:50Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:29:50Z"],["dc.date.issued","2002"],["dc.description.abstract","Undulation instabilities of magnetic domains have been observed in nanostructured strips of a ferromagnetic Fe/Gd multilayer. The novel technique of magnetic transmission x-ray microscopy, which is based on the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, was used for imaging. Below a critical magnetic field, sinus-like modulations of the magnetic domains could be observed. At a higher rate of field induced strain rectangular patterns occur. They seem to be characteristic for the reduced lateral width of the magnetic system and are in contrast to chevron patterns observed in extended systems. The domain morphologies found in different magnetic fields H, and in nanowires of various widths L-z, have been summarized in a H-L-z \"phase\" diagram. An analogy with theoretical predictions for extended systems could be found. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1063/1.1452682"],["dc.identifier.isi","000175575100172"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/43728"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Amer Inst Physics"],["dc.publisher.place","Melville"],["dc.relation.conference","46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials"],["dc.relation.eventlocation","SEATTLE, WASHINGTON"],["dc.relation.issn","0021-8979"],["dc.title","Undulation instabilities in laterally structured magnetic multilayers"],["dc.type","conference_paper"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","7162"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","11"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Applied Physics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","7164"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","89"],["dc.contributor.author","Eimuller, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Fischer, P."],["dc.contributor.author","Schutz, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Scholz, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Bayreuther, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Guttmann, Peter"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmahl, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Kohler, M."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:00:40Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:00:40Z"],["dc.date.issued","2001"],["dc.description.abstract","The magnetization reversal of an array of 1 mum squared FeGd dots has been studied by magnetic transmission x-ray microscopy (MTXM). A (4 Angstrom Fe/4 Angstrom Gd) x 75 multilayered FeGd system has been prepared on a 30 nm thin Si3N4 membrane by sputtering and structured by optical lithography and ion beam etching techniques. Both the domain structure within each single dot and the collective switching behavior could be observed with MTXM. A large variation in the nucleation field of the dots was found and can be attributed to the shape of the dots. A correlation between the nucleation field and the perimeter of each dot could be deduced. Hysteresis loops of individual dots are derived, taking into account the proportionality of the dichroic contrast to the magnetization of the sample. The stepped profile of the magnetization loop of a single dot is found to be clearly distinct from a continuous film. The high lateral resolution and the possibility to record the images in varying external magnetic fields proves that MTXM is a highly adapted tool to investigate nanostructured magnetic systems. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics."],["dc.identifier.isi","000169151700186"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/24228"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Amer Inst Physics"],["dc.publisher.place","Melville"],["dc.relation.conference","8th Joint MMM/Intermag Conference"],["dc.relation.eventlocation","SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS"],["dc.relation.issn","0021-8979"],["dc.title","Magnetization reversal of a multilayered FeGd dot array imaged by transmission x-ray microscopy"],["dc.type","conference_paper"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","6481"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","9"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Applied Physics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","6483"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","87"],["dc.contributor.author","Kohler, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Schweinbock, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Zweck, J."],["dc.contributor.author","Bayreuther, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Fischer, P."],["dc.contributor.author","Schutz, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Eimüller, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Guttmann, Peter"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmahl, G."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:53:56Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:53:56Z"],["dc.date.issued","2000"],["dc.description.abstract","In order to study sub-100-nm domains in magnetic multilayers a combination of three high-resolution imaging techniques has been applied to the same samples for the first time: magnetic force microscopy (MFM), Lorentz microscopy with a transmission electron microscope, and magnetic transmission x-ray microscopy (MTXM). The samples-atomically stacked [Fe(001)/Au(001)](n) multilayers with an approximate L1(0)-lattice-were prepared by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on a GaAs(001) substrate which was then locally removed by laser-induced wet etching to create a window that is transparent for 200 keV electrons and soft x-rays. Magnetization curves with perpendicular and in-plane applied field indicate a spontaneous perpendicular magnetization with an equilibrium domain pattern in small fields and reversible wall motion. About 60 nm wide domains could be observed with MFM and MTXM, respectively. Lorentz images did not show any in-plane magnetic contrast, but the domain pattern appeared when the sample was tilted. This indicates that the magnetization is indeed strictly perpendicular. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)80208-X]."],["dc.identifier.isi","000086728800193"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/49457"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Amer Inst Physics"],["dc.publisher.place","Melville"],["dc.relation.conference","44th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials"],["dc.relation.eventlocation","SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA"],["dc.relation.issn","0021-8979"],["dc.title","Imaging of sub-100-nm magnetic domains in atomically stacked Fe(001)/Au(001) multilayers"],["dc.type","conference_paper"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","697"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","6"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Applied Physics A"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","701"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","73"],["dc.contributor.author","Eimüller, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Fischer, P."],["dc.contributor.author","Kohler, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Scholz, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Guttmann, Peter"],["dc.contributor.author","Denbeaux, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Gluck, S."],["dc.contributor.author","Bayreuther, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Schmahl, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Attwood, D."],["dc.contributor.author","Schutz, G."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:20:19Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:20:19Z"],["dc.date.issued","2001"],["dc.description.abstract","X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (X-MCD) was used as a large, element-specific and quantitative magnetic contrast mechanism in the soft X-ray microscopes at BESSY I (Berlin) and the ALS (Berkeley). The present state and potential of magnetic transmission X-ray microscopy (MTXM) is outlined. The possibility to record images in varying magnetic fields and the high spatial resolution down to 25 nm were used to image out-of-plane magnetized (4 Angstrom Fe / 4 Angstrom Gd) x 75 systems. Magnetic domains could be studied in arrays of circular and square dots with lateral dimensions down to 180 nm. Hysteresis loops of individual dots were deduced using the direct proportionality of the X-MCD contrast to the sample magnetization. Images of a 3 nm Cr / 50 nm Fe / 6 nm Cr film demonstrate for the first time that MTXM is also able to observe in-plane magnetized domains. In the future the possible applications of MTXM will be extended with regard to the strength of the external field, the available energy range and the sample conditions by building a dedicated transmission X-ray microscope for magnetic imaging at BESSY II."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s003390100963"],["dc.identifier.isi","000172407900008"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/55505"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Springer"],["dc.relation.issn","0947-8396"],["dc.title","Transmission X-ray microscopy using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]