Ertel, Suitbert

[["dc.contributor.author","Ertel, Suitbert"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-05-03T10:48:01Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-05-03T10:48:01Z"],["dc.date.issued","2013"],["dc.description.abstract","Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a statistical tool for digging out hidden factors which give rise to the diversity of manifest objectives in psychology, medicine and other sciences. EFA had its heyday as psychologist Leon Thurstone (1935 and 1948) based EFA on what he called the “principle of simple structure” (SS). This principle, however, was erroneous from the beginning what remained unrecognized despite subsequent inventions of more sophisticated statistical tools such as confirmatory analysis and structural equation modeling. These methods are highly recommended today as tolerable routes to model complexities of observation. But they did not remove the harmful errors that SS had left behind. Five chapters in this book demonstrate and explain the trouble. In chapter 2 the ailment of SS is healed by introducing an unconventional factor rotation, called Varimin. Varimin gives variables of an analysis an optimal opportunity to manifest functional interrelations underlying correlational observations. Ten applications of Varimin (in chapter 2) show that its results are superior to results obtained by the conventional Varimax procedure. Further applications are presented for sports achievements (chapter 3), intelligence (chapter 4), and personality (chapter 5). If Varimin keeps on standing the tests new theoretical building blocks will arise together with conceptual networks promoting a better understanding of the domains under study. Readers may check this prognosis by themselves using the statistical tool (Varimin) which is provided by open access in the internet."],["dc.format.extent","160"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.17875/gup2013-466"],["dc.identifier.isbn","978-3-86395-133-7"],["dc.identifier.ppn","770791220"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/9476"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/14580"],["dc.identifier.urn","urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-isbn-978-3-86395-133-7-5"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Migrated from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.publisher","Universitätsverlag Göttingen"],["dc.publisher.place","Göttingen"],["dc.rights","CC BY-SA 3.0"],["dc.rights.access","openAccess"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"],["dc.subject","Exploratory factor analysis; Psychology; Varimin"],["dc.subject.ddc","570"],["dc.title","Factor analysis"],["dc.title.subtitle","Healing an ailing model"],["dc.type","book"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","A11"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Astronomy and Astrophysics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","555"],["dc.contributor.author","Eiroa, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Marshall, J. P."],["dc.contributor.author","Mora, A."],["dc.contributor.author","Montesinos, B."],["dc.contributor.author","Absil, O."],["dc.contributor.author","Augereau, J. Ch."],["dc.contributor.author","Bayo, A."],["dc.contributor.author","Bryden, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Danchi, W."],["dc.contributor.author","del Burgo, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Ertel, Suitbert"],["dc.contributor.author","Fridlund, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Heras, A. M."],["dc.contributor.author","Krivov, A. V."],["dc.contributor.author","Launhardt, R."],["dc.contributor.author","Liseau, R."],["dc.contributor.author","Loehne, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Maldonado, J."],["dc.contributor.author","Pilbratt, G. L."],["dc.contributor.author","Roberge, A."],["dc.contributor.author","Rodmann, Jens"],["dc.contributor.author","Sanz-Forcada, J."],["dc.contributor.author","Solano, E."],["dc.contributor.author","Stapelfeldt, K."],["dc.contributor.author","Thebault, P."],["dc.contributor.author","Wolf, S."],["dc.contributor.author","Ardila, D."],["dc.contributor.author","Arevalo, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Beichmann, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Faramaz, V."],["dc.contributor.author","Gonzalez-Garcia, B. M."],["dc.contributor.author","Gutierrez, R- A."],["dc.contributor.author","Lebreton, J."],["dc.contributor.author","Martinez-Arnaiz, R."],["dc.contributor.author","Meeus, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Montes, D."],["dc.contributor.author","Olofsson, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Su, K. Y. L."],["dc.contributor.author","White, G. J."],["dc.contributor.author","Barrado, D."],["dc.contributor.author","Fukagawa, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Gruen, E."],["dc.contributor.author","Kamp, I."],["dc.contributor.author","Lorente, R."],["dc.contributor.author","Morbidelli, A."],["dc.contributor.author","Mueller, S."],["dc.contributor.author","Mutschke, H."],["dc.contributor.author","Nakagawa, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Ribas, I."],["dc.contributor.author","Walker, H."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:22:46Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:22:46Z"],["dc.date.issued","2013"],["dc.description.abstract","Context. Debris discs are a consequence of the planet formation process and constitute the fingerprints of planetesimal systems. Their solar system counterparts are the asteroid and Edgeworth-Kuiper belts. Aims. The DUNES survey aims at detecting extra-solar analogues to the Edgeworth-Kuiper belt around solar-type stars, putting in this way the solar system into context. The survey allows us to address some questions related to the prevalence and properties of planetesimal systems. Methods. We used Herschel/PACS to observe a sample of nearby FGK stars. Data at 100 and 160 mu m were obtained, complemented in some cases with observations at 70 mu m, and at 250, 350 and 500 mu m using SPIRE. The observing strategy was to integrate as deep as possible at 100 mu m to detect the stellar photosphere. Results. Debris discs have been detected at a fractional luminosity level down to several times that of the Edgeworth-Kuiper belt. The incidence rate of discs around the DUNES stars is increased from a rate of similar to 12.1% +/- 5% before Herschel to similar to 20.2% +/- 2%. A significant fraction (similar to 52%) of the discs are resolved, which represents an enormous step ahead from the previously known resolved discs. Some stars are associated with faint far-IR excesses attributed to a new class of cold discs. Although it cannot be excluded that these excesses are produced by coincidental alignment of background galaxies, statistical arguments suggest that at least some of them are true debris discs. Some discs display peculiar SEDs with spectral indexes in the 70-160 mu m range steeper than the Rayleigh-Jeans one. An analysis of the debris disc parameters suggests that a decrease might exist of the mean black body radius from the F-type to the K-type stars. In addition, a weak trend is suggested for a correlation of disc sizes and an anticorrelation of disc temperatures with the stellar age."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1051/0004-6361/201321050"],["dc.identifier.fs","605000"],["dc.identifier.isi","000322008600011"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/10655"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/29427"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Edp Sciences S A"],["dc.relation.issn","1432-0746"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Fakultät für Physik"],["dc.title","DUst around NEarby Stars. The survey observational results"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","A61"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Astronomy and Astrophysics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","544"],["dc.contributor.author","Ertel, Suitbert"],["dc.contributor.author","Wolf, S."],["dc.contributor.author","Rodmann, Jens"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:07:34Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:07:34Z"],["dc.date.issued","2012"],["dc.description.abstract","Context. Debris disks are commonly considered to be a by-product of planet formation. Structures in debris disks induced by planet-disk interaction are promising to provide valuable constraints on the existence and properties of embedded planets. Aims. We investigate the observability of structures in debris disks induced by planet-disk interaction with future facilities in a systematic way. High-sensitivity, high angular resolution observations with large (sub-) mm interferometers and large space-based telescopes operating in the near-to mid-infrared wavelength range are considered. Methods. The observability of debris disks with the Atacama LargeMillimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is studied on the basis of a simple analytical disk model. Furthermore, N-body simulations are used to model the spatial dust distribution in debris disks under the influence of planet-disk interaction. From these simulations, images at optical scattered light to millimeter thermal re-emission are computed. Available information about the expected capabilities of ALMA and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) are used to investigate the observability of characteristic disk structures with these facilities through spatially resolved imaging. Results. Our simulations show that planet-disk interaction can result in prominent structures in the whole considered wavelength range. The exact result depends on the configuration of the planet-disk system and on the observing wavelength which provides the opportunity of detecting and characterizing extrasolar planets in a range of masses and radial distances from the star that is not accessible to other techniques. Facilities that will be available in the near future at both considered wavelength ranges are shown to provide the capabilities to spatially resolve and characterize structures in debris disks that arise because of planet-disk interaction. Limitations are revealed and suggestions for possible instrument setups and observing strategies are given. In particular, ALMA is limited by its sensitivity to surface brightness, which requires a trade-off between sensitivity and spatial resolution. Space-based mid-infrared observations will be able to detect and spatially resolve regions in debris disks even at a distance of several tens of AU from the star, where the emission from debris disks in this wavelength range is expected to be low. Conclusions. Both ALMA and the planned space-based near-to mid-infrared telescopes will provide unprecedented capabilities to study planet-disk interaction in debris disks. In particular, a combination of observations at both wavelengths will provide very strong constraints on the planetary/planetesimal systems."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1051/0004-6361/201219236"],["dc.identifier.fs","596751"],["dc.identifier.isi","000308290100061"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/9611"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/25826"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Edp Sciences S A"],["dc.relation.issn","0004-6361"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Fakultät für Physik"],["dc.title","Observing planet-disk interaction in debris disks"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.contributor.author","Ertel, Suitbert"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-05-03T10:48:00Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-05-03T10:48:00Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","Ein fataler Fehler der konventionellen Psychometrie wird in dieser Monographie aufgedeckt. Das Prinzip der Einfachstruktur, an dem sich seit den Anfängen der Faktorenanalyse alle Varianten der Rotation extrahierter Faktoren ausgerichtet haben, geht an der empirischen Realität vorbei. Das „Simple Structure“-Prinzip zwingt die Variablen einer multivariaten Untersuchung in ein monokausales Korsett und hindert sie daran, die tatsächlich vorliegende Komplexität latenter Komponenten zu entfalten. Dies ist der Grund, warum faktorenanalytische Ergebnisse durchweg theoretisch fruchtlos blieben und eher Unbehagen als Zufriedenheit mit sich brachten. Mit den später entwickelten konfirmatorischen Verfahren, die am realitätsfremden Ideal der Einfachstruktur festhielten, wurde keine Wende erzielt. Eine Wende aber stellt sich ein, sobald man sich dazu entschließt, bei der Rotation von Faktoren das scheinbar unverzichtbare Prinzip der Einfachstruktur aufzugeben und mehrfaktorielle Komplexität der Variablen unbeschränkt zuzulassen. Dazu dient in der statistischen Praxis das vom Verfasser entwickelte Rotationsverfahren Varimin. Die Ergebnisse von Varimin-Analysen, die in diesem Buch beschrieben werden, übertreffen die Ergebnisse von Einfachstruktur-Analysen (Varimax) an Deutbarkeit, Stabilität, und - scheinbar paradoxerweise – sogar auch an Einfachheit."],["dc.description.abstract","The present study aims at disclosing a methodological prejudice which has misled factor analysis since its beginning. Simple structure, the guiding principle for factor rotation (Thurstone, 1935/1947), is regarded as a questionable dogma. The Thurstone principle impedes the discovery of latent sources of variance on which manifest empirical variables are based. This criticism is elucidated by theoretical considerations and by verbatim quotations of critical authors. The present calamity of factorial research is deemed to be due to general flaws of methodical reasoning. One-sided mathematical formalization in the discipline has lost its objectives by ignoring ordinary sources of knowledge and linguistic processing. The problem of simple structure cannot be solved by circumplex- and structural equation procedures which suffer from the same flaws as simple structure modelling. A paradigm change is overdue. An alternative factor transformation modeling complex structures is demanded, it will be delineated in chapter 2. This chapter is a sequel of chapter 1 (Ertel, 2009) in which varimax, the procedure of factor rotation commonly used to generate simple structure, is replaced with varimin. Varimin aims at manifesting interacting aspects of latent structural components. The model of complexity which is outlined by initial factor extractions is optimized. The new method raises a number of issues of which five are discussed at length. Are varimin factors interpretable Can latent sources of covariance, being complex already by initial solutions, be rendered more complex? Have simple structure solutions in common practice not been tolerable, to say the least? Varimin factor loadings are often bipolar. How to interpret the bipolarity of varimin factors? Does varimin reveal contributions of variance originating from methodical sources? Ten empirical applications of varimin transformation serve as examples. Particular features of transformation to complex structure, revealing latent sources of covariance (by varimin), are compared with pertinent results obtained from transformations to simple structure (by varimax). Varimax will remain useful merely for clustering objectives. Attention is also drawn to limitations of the methodical innovation. Eighteen matrices with intercorrelations of eight subtest variables of the intelligence test I-S-T, widely used in Germany, were subjected to principal component analysis, the resulting factors were rotated by varimin towards optimal complex structure. The 18 varimin solutions were aggregated, two factors resulted: Varimin-F1 represented a general factor g (\\‘general or basic intelligence\\’), varimin-F2 represented an achievement-modifying factor, obviously dependent on preceding educational training and learning (\\‘learning assets\\’, l). The validity of varimin-F1, general intelligence, was ascertained by high correlations between g and test scores of general intelligence, operationalized by culture-free tests CFT und FRT. The interpretation of varimin-F2 found support by significant correlations with learning-dependent school grades and scores in orthography and arithmetic. The 18 PCA-factors were also transformed by varimax to simple structure. This transformation caused a splitting up of initial g into two seemingly separate factors, called \\‘fluid\\’ and \\‘crystallized\\’ intelligence by convention. In addition, differences between varimax F1 (fluid) and F2 (crystallized) regarding correlations with external criteria (general intelligence vs. school grades, training scores in orthography and arithmetic) which should have emerged were missing. The aggregate of varimax results yielded an unexpected third factor with considerable weight which, however, turned out to be an artifact of simple structure. Apparently, simple structure modelling of intelligence test data blends general intelligence with learning effects. Rotation of intelligence data to simple structure does not reveal, as it should, independent contributions of latent functional components. The results of a factorial study are reported using sports data whose underlying sources of variance are more transparent than those of invisible mental data: decathlon record scores. The aim was to compare varimin and varimax results regarding factorial stability and interpretability. It is shown that varimin factors revealed latent sources of variance in interaction, while varimax factors yielded obscure clusters of those sources of variance. In addition, factor structures obtained by varimin rotation were more robust to changing data sources than those obtained by varimax rotation. The new methodical turn might revive exploratory factorial research which, due to questionable results of the past, has lost reputation."],["dc.format.extent","184"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.17875/gup2011-464"],["dc.identifier.isbn","978-3-86395-013-2"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/6982"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/14577"],["dc.identifier.urn","urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-isbn-978-3-86395-013-2-7"],["dc.language.iso","de"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.publisher","Universitätsverlag Göttingen"],["dc.publisher.place","Göttingen"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Fakultät für Biologie und Psychologie"],["dc.rights","CC BY-ND 3.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0"],["dc.subject.ddc","570"],["dc.title","Komplexität modellieren"],["dc.title.subtitle","Faktorenanalyse am Scheideweg"],["dc.type","book"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.contributor.author","Ertel, Suitbert"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-05-03T10:48:00Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-05-03T10:48:00Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","Seit über 70 Jahren kursieren in der Psychologie faktorenanalytische Modelle der Persönlichkeit. Methodologische Kontroversen, die jahrzehntelang die Szene beherrschten, wurden seit etwa zwei Jahrzehnten von einem zunehmenden Konsens abgelöst. Das Fünf-Faktoren-Modell (FFM) hat die Vorherrschaft gewonnen. Das FFM ist indessen mit schwerwiegenden Mängeln behaftet, was die theoretische Deutung der fünf Dimensionen betrifft. Der Verfasser hat dafür einen bislang unerkannten Fehler in den Grundauffassungen der Psychometrie verantwortlich machen können (Ertel, 2011). In seiner vorliegenden Schrift wird die Szene der methodisch und theoretisch mangelhaften Persönlichkeitsforschung aufgerollt. Ein neues Verfahren der Faktorenrotation (Varimin) wird eingesetzt, das im Unterschied zur bisherigen Modellierung, das sich dem Prinzip der Einfachstruktur verschrieben hatte, der Komplexität der analysierten Variablen Rechnung trägt. Das Verfahren, das für die faktorenanalytische Forschung ein neues Paradigma eröffnet, ermittelt Varianzquellen der Persönlichkeit, die als Basiskomponenten eines psychophysischen Ganzen eine funktionale Einheit erkennen lassen. Damit werden die Hindernisse überwunden, die einem theoretischen Verständnis der Ergebnisse faktorenanalytischer Persönlichkeitsforschung bisher im Wege standen."],["dc.description.abstract","Thurstone's principle of simple structure is rejected and replaced by its converse, the principle of complex structure. Varimax, the popular simple structure rotation of factors, is replaced by varimin, a novel procedure taking account of the complexity of investigated variables (s. Ertel, 2011). An exploratory factor analysis of a similarity matrix of 16 kinship terms showed that expected semantic features (sex, generation, nuclear family, lineality) manifest themselves by varimin rotation,while distorted clusters of kinship terms are obtained by varimax rotation. Varimin rotation was also applied to five PCA-factors obtained from 30 facet variables of NEO-PI-R (Ostendorf & Angleitner, 2004). As expected, variminrotated factors do not replicate the Big-Five factors neuroticism, extraversion, etc., they rather reveal basic componential features (usually called „dimensions‟): activation level (high-low), activation slope (ascending-descending), source of regulation (endodynamic- exodynamic), phenomenal quality (endomodal-exomodal), and functionality (eufunctional vs. dysfunctional). The well-known Big-Five factors represent clusters of those features rather than simple dimensions. Sensation seeking, internalexternal control, i. e. further constructs of simple structure- oriented research, are likewise conceivable as patterns of functioning based on those five componential features. The validity of the five features obtained by varimin has largely been confirmed by rankings of the 30 NEO-PI-R facets using the features as judgmental criteria. Replacing Thurstonian simple structure by procedures aiming at complex structure might help to generate a systemic architecture in the personality and individual differences domains. More psychological functioning might be made transparent by modelling patterns of basic features."],["dc.format.extent","158"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.17875/gup2011-465"],["dc.identifier.isbn","978-3-86395-039-2"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/7058"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/14578"],["dc.identifier.urn","urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-isbn-978-3-86395-039-2-1"],["dc.language.iso","de"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.publisher","Universitätsverlag Göttingen"],["dc.publisher.place","Göttingen"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Fakultät für Biologie und Psychologie"],["dc.rights","CC BY-ND 3.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0"],["dc.subject.ddc","570"],["dc.title","Basiskomponenten der Persönlichkeit"],["dc.type","book"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]