Schild, Detlev

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1093"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","6"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","The European journal of neuroscience"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","100"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","13"],["dc.contributor.author","Czesnik, D."],["dc.contributor.author","Nezlin, L."],["dc.contributor.author","Rabba, J."],["dc.contributor.author","Müller, B."],["dc.contributor.author","Schild, D."],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-10T08:14:11Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-10T08:14:11Z"],["dc.date.issued","2001-03-01"],["dc.description.abstract","Norepinephrine (NE) has various modulatory roles in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. Here we investigate the function of the locus coeruleus efferent fibres in the olfactory bulb of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. In order to distinguish unambiguously between mitral cells and granule cells of the main olfactory bulb and the accessory olfactory bulb, we used a slice preparation. The two neuron types were distinguished on the basis of their location in the slice, their typical branching pattern and by electrophysiological criteria. At NE concentrations lower than 5 microM there was only one effect of NE upon voltage-gated conductances; NE blocked a high-voltage-activated Ca(2+)-current in mitral cells of both the main and the accessory olfactory bulbs. No such effect was observed in granule cells. The effect of NE upon mitral cell Ca(2+)-currents was mimicked by the alpha(2)-receptor agonists clonidine and alpha-methyl-NE. As a second effect, NE or clonidine blocked spontaneous synaptic activity in granule cells of both the main and the accessory olfactory bulbs. NE or clonidine also blocked the spontaneous synaptic activity in mitral cells of either olfactory bulb. The amplitude of glutamate-induced currents in granule cells was modulated neither by clonidine nor by alpha-methyl-NE. Taken together, the main effect of the noradrenergic, presynaptic, alpha(2)-receptor-mediated block of Ca(2)+-currents in mitral cells appeared to be a wide-spread disinhibition of mitral cells in the accessory olfactory bulb as well as in the main olfactory bulb."],["dc.identifier.fs","2568"],["dc.identifier.pmid","11285006"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/9909"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/61458"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.relation.issn","0953-816X"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Universitätsmedizin Göttingen"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.subject.mesh","Animals"],["dc.subject.mesh","Calcium Channel Blockers"],["dc.subject.mesh","Calcium Channels"],["dc.subject.mesh","Clonidine"],["dc.subject.mesh","Electric Conductivity"],["dc.subject.mesh","Larva"],["dc.subject.mesh","Neurons"],["dc.subject.mesh","Norepinephrine"],["dc.subject.mesh","Olfactory Bulb"],["dc.subject.mesh","Synapses"],["dc.subject.mesh","Synaptic Transmission"],["dc.subject.mesh","Xenopus laevis"],["dc.title","Noradrenergic modulation of calcium currents and synaptic transmission in the olfactory bulb of Xenopus laevis tadpoles."],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","399"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Chemical senses"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","407"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","26"],["dc.contributor.author","Scheidweiler, U."],["dc.contributor.author","Nezlin, L."],["dc.contributor.author","Rabba, J."],["dc.contributor.author","Müller, B."],["dc.contributor.author","Schild, D."],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-10T08:14:10Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-10T08:14:10Z"],["dc.date.issued","2001-05-01"],["dc.description.abstract","We report on the development of a slice culture of amphibian brain tissue. In particular, we cultured slices from Xenopus laevis tadpoles that contain the olfactory mucosae, the olfactory nerves, the olfactory bulb and the telencephalon. During 6 days in roller tubes the slices flattened, starting from 250 microm and decreasing to approximately 40 microm, corresponding to about three cell layers. Dendritic processes could be followed over distances as long as 200 microm. Neurons in the cultured slice could be recorded using the patch clamp technique and simultaneously imaged using an inverted laser scanning microscope. We characterized the main neuron types of the olfactory bulb, i.e. mitral cells and granule cells, by correlating their typical morphological features in the acute slice with the electrophysiological properties in both the acute slice and slice culture. This correlation allowed unambiguous identification of mitral cells and granule cells in the slice culture."],["dc.identifier.fs","2567"],["dc.identifier.pmid","11369674"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/9907"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/61456"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.relation.issn","0379-864X"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Universitätsmedizin Göttingen"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.subject.mesh","Animals"],["dc.subject.mesh","Culture Techniques"],["dc.subject.mesh","Electrophysiology"],["dc.subject.mesh","Larva"],["dc.subject.mesh","Microscopy, Confocal"],["dc.subject.mesh","Neurons"],["dc.subject.mesh","Neurons, Afferent"],["dc.subject.mesh","Olfactory Bulb"],["dc.subject.mesh","Patch-Clamp Techniques"],["dc.subject.mesh","Xenopus laevis"],["dc.title","Slice culture of the olfactory bulb of Xenopus laevis tadpoles."],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1310"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Biophysical journal"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","9"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","76"],["dc.contributor.author","Engel, J."],["dc.contributor.author","Schultens, H. A."],["dc.contributor.author","Schild, D."],["dc.date.accessioned","2014-02-18T09:32:43Z"],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-10-27T13:20:07Z"],["dc.date.available","2014-02-18T09:32:43Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-10-27T13:20:07Z"],["dc.date.issued","1999-03-01"],["dc.description.abstract","We made a computational model of a single neuron to study the effect of the small conductance (SK) Ca2+-dependent K+ channel on spike frequency adaptation. The model neuron comprised a Na+ conductance, a Ca2+ conductance, and two Ca2+-independent K+ conductances, as well as a small and a large (BK) Ca2+-activated K+ conductance, a Ca2+ pump, and mechanisms for Ca2+ buffering and diffusion. Sustained current injection that simulated synaptic input resulted in a train of action potentials (APs) which in the absence of the SK conductance showed very little adaptation with time. The transfer function of the neuron was nearly linear, i.e., both asymptotic spike rate as well as the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were approximately linear functions of the input current. Adding an SK conductance with a steep nonlinear dependence on [Ca2+]i (. Pflügers Arch. 422:223-232; Köhler, Hirschberg, Bond, Kinzie, Marrion, Maylie, and Adelman. 1996. Science. 273:1709-1714) caused a marked time-dependent spike frequency adaptation and changed the transfer function of the neuron from linear to logarithmic. Moreover, the input range the neuron responded to with regular spiking increased by a factor of 2.2. These results can be explained by a shunt of the cell resistance caused by the activation of the SK conductance. It might turn out that the logarithmic relationships between the stimuli of some modalities (e.g., sound or light) and the perception of the stimulus intensity (Fechner's law) have a cellular basis in the involvement of SK conductances in the processing of these stimuli."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77293-0"],["dc.identifier.fs","1633"],["dc.identifier.pmid","10049314"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/9911"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/91939"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Migrated from goescholar"],["dc.relation.issn","0006-3495"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Universitätsmedizin Göttingen"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.subject.mesh","Action Potentials"],["dc.subject.mesh","Adaptation, Physiological"],["dc.subject.mesh","Biophysical Phenomena"],["dc.subject.mesh","Biophysics"],["dc.subject.mesh","Calcium"],["dc.subject.mesh","Calcium-Transporting ATPases"],["dc.subject.mesh","Computer Simulation"],["dc.subject.mesh","Electric Conductivity"],["dc.subject.mesh","Membrane Potentials"],["dc.subject.mesh","Models, Neurological"],["dc.subject.mesh","Neurons"],["dc.subject.mesh","Potassium Channels"],["dc.title","Small conductance potassium channels cause an activity-dependent spike frequency adaptation and make the transfer function of neurons logarithmic."],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]