Sennhenn-Reulen, Holger

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","417"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Animal Cognition"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","428"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","19"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmitt, Vanessa"],["dc.contributor.author","Federspiel, Ira"],["dc.contributor.author","Eckert, Johanna"],["dc.contributor.author","Keupp, Stefanie"],["dc.contributor.author","Tschernek, Laura"],["dc.contributor.author","Faraut, Lauriane"],["dc.contributor.author","Schuster, Richard"],["dc.contributor.author","Michels, Corinna"],["dc.contributor.author","Sennhenn-Reulen, Holger"],["dc.contributor.author","Bugnyar, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Mussweiler, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Fischer, Julia"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:47:09Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:47:09Z"],["dc.date.issued","2016"],["dc.description.abstract","Social comparisons are a fundamental characteristic of human behaviour, yet relatively little is known about their evolutionary foundations. Adapting the co-acting paradigm from human research (Seta in J Pers Soc Psychol 42:281–291, 1982. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.42.2.281, we examined how the performance of a partner influenced subjects’ performance in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Using parallel testing in touch screen setups in which subjects had to discriminate familiar and novel photographs of men and women, we investigated whether accuracy and reaction time were influenced by partner performance and relationship quality (affiliate vs. non-affiliate). Auditory feedback about the alleged performance of the co-actor was provided via playback; partner performance was either moderately or extremely better or worse than subject performance. We predicted that subjects would assimilate to moderately different comparison standards as well as to affiliates and contrast away from extreme standards and non-affiliates. Subjects instantly generalized to novel pictures. While accuracy was not affected by any of the factors, long reaction times occurred more frequently when subjects were tested with a non-affiliate who was performing worse, compared to one who was doing better than them (80 % quantile worse: 5.1, better: 4.3 s). For affiliate co-actors, there was no marked effect (worse: 4.4, better: 4.6 s). In a control condition with no auditory feedback, subjects performed somewhat better in the presence of affiliates (M = 77.8 % correct) compared to non-affiliates (M = 71.1 %), while reaction time was not affected. Apparently, subjects were sensitive to partner identity and performance, yet variation in motivation rather than assimilation and contrast effects may account for the observed effects."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s10071-015-0943-4"],["dc.identifier.gro","3150634"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/7413"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.issn","1435-9448"],["dc.subject","Co-acting paradigm; Evolution; Inequity aversion; Meta-cognition; Monkeys; Non-human primates; Social comparison processes; Social relationships"],["dc.title","Do monkeys compare themselves to others?"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","2131"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","10"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Methods in Ecology and Evolution"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","2144"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","9"],["dc.contributor.author","Goffe, Adeelia S."],["dc.contributor.author","Fischer, Julia"],["dc.contributor.author","Sennhenn-Reulen, Holger"],["dc.contributor.editor","Fisher, Diana"],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-30T07:15:26Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-30T07:15:26Z"],["dc.date.issued","2018"],["dc.description.abstract","1.The construction of rank hierarchies based on agonistic interactions between two individuals (“dyads”) is an important component in the characterization of the social structure of groups. To this end, winner‐loser matrices are typically created, which collapse the outcome of dyadic interactions over time, resulting in the loss of all information contained in the temporal domain. Methods that track changes in the outcome of dyadic interactions (such as “Elo‐ratings”) are receiving increasing interest. Critically, individual ratings are not just based on the succession of wins and losses, but depend on the values of start ratings and a shift coefficient. Recent studies improved existing methods by introducing a point estimation of these auxiliary parameters on the basis of a maximum likelihood (ML) approach. For a sound assessment of the rank hierarchies generated this way, we argue that measures of uncertainty of the estimates, as well as a quantification of the robustness of the methods, are also needed. 2.We introduce a Bayesian inference (BI) approach using “partial pooling”, which rests on the assumption that all start ratings are samples from the same distribution. We compare the outcome of the ML approach to that of the BI approach using real‐world data. In addition, we simulate different scenarios to explore in which way the Elo‐rating responds to social events (such as rank changes), and low numbers of observations. 3.Estimates of the start ratings based on “partial pooling” are more robust than those based on ML, also in scenarios where some individuals have only few observations. Our simulations show that assumed rank differences may fall well within the “uncertain” range, and that low sampling density, unbalanced designs, and coalitionary leaps involving several individuals within the hierarchy may yield unreliable results. 4.Our results support the view that Elo‐rating can be a powerful tool in the analysis of social behaviour, when the data meet certain criteria. Assessing the uncertainty greatly aids in the interpretation of results. We advocate running simulation approaches to test how well Elo‐ratings reflect the (simulated) true structure and how sensitive the rating is to true changes in the hierarchy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/2041-210X.13072"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/62162"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.relation.issn","2041-210X"],["dc.title","Bayesian inference and simulation approaches improve the assessment of Elo-ratings in the analysis of social behaviour"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","e22711"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","11"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","American Journal of Primatology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","79"],["dc.contributor.author","Almeling, Laura"],["dc.contributor.author","Sennhenn-Reulen, Holger"],["dc.contributor.author","Hammerschmidt, Kurt"],["dc.contributor.author","Freund, Alexandra M."],["dc.contributor.author","Fischer, Julia"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-03-08T09:21:20Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-03-08T09:21:20Z"],["dc.date.issued","2017"],["dc.description.abstract","Human aging is accompanied by a decrease in social activity and a narrowing in social networks. Studies in nonhuman primates may provide valuable comparative insights in which way aging impacts social life, in the absence of cultural conventions and an awareness of a limited lifetime. For female Barbary macaques at “La Forêt des Singes” in Rocamadour, France, we previously reported an age-associated decrease in active grooming time and network size. Here, we aimed to extend these findings by investigating in which way physical decline, spatial proximity, and aggression vary with age in female Barbary macaques. We analyzed >1,200 hr of focal observations for 46 females aged 5–29 years. As expected, older females engaged less frequently in challenging locomotor activity, such as climbing or running, than younger ones. The previously reported decrease in grooming time was not due to shorter grooming bout duration. Instead, active grooming bouts lasted even longer, which discounts the idea that manual fatigue explains the shift in grooming pattern. We found that older females tended to be spatially reclusive and that they were less frequently the targets of aggression. Although older females showed aggressive behaviors at similar rates as younger females, the proportion of low-level aggression (i.e., threats) increased with age. We suggest that these threats are not simply a signal of dominance, but also function to deter approaches by others. Overall, these findings are in line with the idea that older females aim to avoid potentially negative interactions, specifically if these are costly. In sum, these findings support the idea that shifts in female Barbary macaques' grooming activity, do not simply result from physical deterioration, but are instead due to a higher selectivity in the choice of social partners."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1002/ajp.22711"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/12847"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","GRO-Li-Import"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.doi","10.1002/ajp.22711"],["dc.relation.issn","0275-2565"],["dc.title","Social interactions and activity patterns of old Barbary macaques: Further insights into the foundations of social selectivity"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","57"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Animal Behaviour"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","66"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","130"],["dc.contributor.author","Fischer, Julia"],["dc.contributor.author","Farnworth, Max S."],["dc.contributor.author","Sennhenn-Reulen, Holger"],["dc.contributor.author","Hammerschmidt, Kurt"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-03-08T09:21:20Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-03-08T09:21:20Z"],["dc.date.issued","2017"],["dc.description.abstract","Social complexity has been invoked as a driving force shaping communicative and cognitive abilities, and brain evolution more generally. Despite progress in the conceptual understanding of societal structures, there is still a dearth of quantitative measures to capture social complexity. Here we offer a method to quantify social complexity in terms of the diversity of differentiated relationships. We illustrate our approach using data collected from Barbary macaques, Macaca sylvanus, at ‘La Forêt des Singes’ in Rocamadour, France, as well as simulated data sets for a proof-of-concept. Based on affiliative and agonistic behavioural categories, we calculated four indices that characterize social relationships (diversity of behavioural patterns, dyadic composite sociality index, relative interaction frequency and tenor). Using cluster analyses, we identified four different relationship types: rarely interacting agonistic dyads, rarely interacting affiliative dyads, moderately frequently interacting ambivalent dyads and frequently interacting affiliative dyads. We then calculated for each individual a derived diversity score that integrates information about the number and diversity of relationships each subject maintained. At the individual level, one may be interested to identify predictors of this individual diversity score, such as age, rank or sex. At the group level, variation in the relative shares of affiliative and agonistic interactions affects the distribution of individual diversity scores more than the interaction frequency, while the omission of ambivalent relationships (i.e. a discontinuous variation in the share of affiliative or agonistic relationships) leads to greater variation in diversity scores. The number of realized relationships had only a moderate effect. Overall, this method appears to be suited to capture social complexity in terms of the diversity of relationships at the individual and group level. We suggest that this approach is applicable across different species and facilitates quantitative tests of putative drivers in brain evolution."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.06.003"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/12846"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","GRO-Li-Import"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.doi","10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.06.003"],["dc.relation.issn","0003-3472"],["dc.title","Quantifying social complexity"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1744"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","13"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Current Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1749"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","26"],["dc.contributor.author","Almeling, Laura"],["dc.contributor.author","Hammerschmidt, Kurt"],["dc.contributor.author","Sennhenn-Reulen, Holger"],["dc.contributor.author","Freund, Alexandra M."],["dc.contributor.author","Fischer, Julia"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:47:15Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:47:15Z"],["dc.date.issued","2016"],["dc.description.abstract","As humans age, they become more selective regarding their personal goals [1] and social partners [2]. Whereas the selectivity in goals has been attributed to losses in resources (e.g., physical strength) [3], the increasing focus on emotionally meaningful partners is, according to socioemotional selectivity theory, driven by the awareness of one's decreasing future lifetime [2]. Similar to humans, aging monkeys show physical losses [4] and reductions in social activity [2, 5-7]. To disentangle a general resource loss and the awareness of decreasing time, we combined field experiments with behavioral observations in a large age-heterogeneous population of Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) at La Forêt des Singes. Novel object tests revealed a loss of interest in the nonsocial environment in early adulthood, which was modulated by the availability of a food reward. Experiments using vocal and visual representations of social partners indicated that monkeys maintained an interest in social stimuli and a preferential interest in friends and socially important individuals into old age. Old females engaged in fewer social interactions, although other group members continued to invest in relationships with them. Consequently, reductions in sociality were not due to a decrease in social interest. In conclusion, some of the motivational shifts observed in aging humans, particularly the increasing focus on social over nonsocial stimuli, may occur in the absence of a limited time perspective and are most likely deeply rooted in primate evolution. Our findings highlight the value of nonhuman primates as valuable models for understanding human aging [8, 9]."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.cub.2016.04.066"],["dc.identifier.gro","3150649"],["dc.identifier.pmid","27345168"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/7428"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.issn","0960-9822"],["dc.title","Motivational Shifts in Aging Monkeys and the Origins of Social Selectivity"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]