Gruber, Rudolf Matthias

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","443"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY AND ENDODONTOLOGY"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","449"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","108"],["dc.contributor.author","Hahn, Wolfram"],["dc.contributor.author","Fricke-Zech, Susanne"],["dc.contributor.author","Fialka-Fricke, Julia"],["dc.contributor.author","Dullin, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Zapf, Antonia"],["dc.contributor.author","Gruber, Rudolf"],["dc.contributor.author","Sennhenn-kirchner, Sabine"],["dc.contributor.author","Kubein-Meesenburg, Dietmar"],["dc.contributor.author","Sadat-Khonsari, Reza"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:25:20Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:25:20Z"],["dc.date.issued","2009"],["dc.description.abstract","Objective. An investigation was conducted to compare the image quality of prototype flat-panel volume computed tomography (fpVCT) and multislice computed tomography (MSCT) of suture structures. Study design. Bone samples were taken from the midpalatal suture of 5 young (16 weeks) and 5 old (200 weeks) Sus scrofa domestica and fixed in formalin solution. An fpVCT prototype and an MSCT were used to obtain images of the specimens. The facial reformations were assessed by 4 observers using a 1 (excellent) to 5 (poor) rating scale for the weighted criteria visualization of the suture structure. A linear mixed model was used for statistical analysis. Results with P < .05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results. The visualization of the suture of young specimens was significantly better than that of older animals (P < .001). The visualization of the suture with fpVCT was significantly better than that with MSCT (P < .001). Conclusion. Compared with MSCT, fpVCT produces superior results in the visualization of the midpalatal suture in a Sus scrofa domestica model. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 108: 443-449)"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.02.034"],["dc.identifier.isi","000269361900023"],["dc.identifier.pmid","19464211"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/56598"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Mosby-elsevier"],["dc.relation.issn","1079-2104"],["dc.title","Imaging of the midpalatal suture in a porcine model: Flat-panel volume computed tomography compared with multislice computed tomography"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1057"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","6"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","The Angle Orthodontist"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1063"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","81"],["dc.contributor.author","Hahn, Wolfram"],["dc.contributor.author","Engelke, Benjamin"],["dc.contributor.author","Jung, Klaus"],["dc.contributor.author","Dathe, Henning"],["dc.contributor.author","Kramer, Franz-Joseph"],["dc.contributor.author","Roedig, Tina"],["dc.contributor.author","Kubein-Meesenburg, Dietmar"],["dc.contributor.author","Gruber, Rudolf Matthias"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:50:19Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:50:19Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","Objective: To determine the forces and moments delivered to a maxillary central incisor during rotation with aligners when a simulated occlusal force generated during swallowing acts on the appliance. Materials and Methods: Five identical appliances were manufactured from four different starting materials (Erkodur 0.8 mm and 1.0 mm; Biolon 0.75 mm and 1.0 mm). An upper central incisor fixed in a measuring device was rotated around its central axis in 0.5-degree steps up to +/- 10 degrees with the appliance fixed in place. An occlusal force of 30 N generated during swallowing was simulated with a weight positioned on the appliance. For statistical analysis, the moments Tz (rotation) and forces Fz (intrusion) at a deflection of +/- 0.34 mm to the incisor edge (+/- 5 degrees rotation) were tested. Means and standard deviations for Tz and median and 25% and 75% quartiles for Fz were calculated. An analysis of variance was performed. Results: The simulated occlusal force increased the measured intrusive force Fz (maximum with a weight, -3.7 N [-3.7, -2.4]; minimum without a weight, -1.3 N [-1.4, -1.1]) and the rotary moment Tz (maximum with a weight, -50.8 Nmm [+/- 0.8]; minimum without a weight, 18.2 Nmm [+/- 0.9]) significantly in all cases (P < .01). This was found for all materials measured and for both directions of rotation. Conclusion: During rotation with aligners, a simulated occlusal force increases the intrusive force and the rotary moment. The biological adverse side effects of these phenomena remain unclear, especially in patients with periods of bruxism. (Angle Orthod. 2011;81:1057-1063.)"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.2319/013111-62.1"],["dc.identifier.isi","000296484900019"],["dc.identifier.pmid","21612314"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/8018"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/21669"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc"],["dc.relation.issn","0003-3219"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.title","The influence of occlusal forces on force delivery properties of aligners during rotation of an upper central incisor"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","433"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","5"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","European Journal of Orthodontics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","436"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","30"],["dc.contributor.author","Hahn, Wolfram"],["dc.contributor.author","Fricke, Julia"],["dc.contributor.author","Fricke-Zech, Susanne"],["dc.contributor.author","Zapf, Antonia"],["dc.contributor.author","Gruber, Rudolf"],["dc.contributor.author","Sadat-Khonsari, Reza"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:10:30Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:10:30Z"],["dc.date.issued","2008"],["dc.description.abstract","The aim of this study was to evaluate the time requirement of a newly developed device made of neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets for positioning a multi-stranded, canine-to-canine retainer during bonding compared with dental floss and a transfer tray. Forty-five patients aged between 12 and 33 years (26 male, 19 female) previously treated with fixed appliances were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomly allocated to three groups (15 per group). For each group a mandibular canine-to-canine retainer of 0.018 inch Dentaflex multi-stranded wire (Dentaurum) was prefabricated for each patient on a cast. The bonding procedure was identical, except for the method of positioning the wire during adhesive fixation: group A dental floss, group B a small prefabricated transfer tray of dental resin and group C the NdFeB magnet device. For each group, the time required for the complete bonding process was measured. Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used for group and pairwise comparisons, respectively. The three methods required statistically significant different times (P < 0.001). The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test revealed that wire positioning with the magnet device was significantly faster [4.98 minutes; standard deviation (SD) 0.68 minutes] than with dental floss (7.65 minutes, SD 1.14 minutes; P = 0.0001) or with transfer tray (5.75 minutes, SD 0.57 minutes; P = 0.001). The NdFeB magnet device is a timesaving appliance for positioning a multi-stranded, canine-to-canine retainer during bonding when compared with dental floss and an individually prefabricated transfer tray."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1093/ejo/cjn037"],["dc.identifier.isi","000260151600001"],["dc.identifier.pmid","18687989"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/53223"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Oxford Univ Press"],["dc.relation.issn","0141-5387"],["dc.title","The use of a neodymium-iron-boron magnet device for positioning a multi-stranded wire retainer in lingual retention-a pilot study in humans"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","607"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","6"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","European Journal of Orthodontics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","613"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","32"],["dc.contributor.author","Hahn, Wolfram"],["dc.contributor.author","Zapf, Antonia"],["dc.contributor.author","Dathe, Henning"],["dc.contributor.author","Fialka-Fricke, Julia"],["dc.contributor.author","Fricke-Zech, Susanne"],["dc.contributor.author","Gruber, Rudolf"],["dc.contributor.author","Kubein-Meesenburg, Dietmar"],["dc.contributor.author","Sadat-Khonsari, Reza"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:36:11Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:36:11Z"],["dc.date.issued","2010"],["dc.description.abstract","Five identical appliances were manufactured from each of three materials, all with a thickness of 1.0 mm (Ideal Clear (R), Erkodur (R), and Biolon (R)). An upper central incisor, as part of the measuring device, was torqued in defined steps in the vestibular and palatal directions with the respective appliance in place. For statistical analysis, the resulting forces, Fx (forces acting in the palatal and facial directions) and Fz (intrusive force as a side-effect) at a displacement of +/- 0.15 and +/- 0.8 mm from the tooth at the gingival margin were calculated. The mean Fx forces for +/- 0.15 mm displacement ranged from -1.89 N [standard deviation (SD) 0.48] to 0.11 N (SD 0.1). The mean Fz forces were between -0.97 N (SD 0.57) and -0.07 N (SD 0.22). The highest intrusive forces were measured during palatal displacement of the measuring tooth. An influence of direction of displacement on the levels of force was observed, especially for Fz at the greater displacement of +/- 0.8 mm. In relation to the intended amount of root movement during torquing, aligners tend to 'lift up' and therefore no effective force couple can be established for further root control. The force delivery properties are also influenced by the material used and the shape of the tooth."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1093/ejo/cjq007"],["dc.identifier.isi","000284638800005"],["dc.identifier.pmid","20462912"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/18252"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Oxford Univ Press"],["dc.relation.issn","0141-5387"],["dc.title","Torquing an upper central incisor with aligners-acting forces and biomechanical principles"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","20"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","28"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","123"],["dc.contributor.author","Kauffmann, Philipp"],["dc.contributor.author","Hahn, Wolfram"],["dc.contributor.author","Sievers, Niklas"],["dc.contributor.author","Troeltzsch, Markus"],["dc.contributor.author","Hohloch, Karin"],["dc.contributor.author","Brockmeyer, Phillipp"],["dc.contributor.author","Cordesmeyer, Robert"],["dc.contributor.author","Schliephake, Henning"],["dc.contributor.author","Gruber, Rudolf Matthias"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-06-25T07:43:01Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-06-25T07:43:01Z"],["dc.date.issued","2017-01"],["dc.description.abstract","We compared the intraindividual effects of increasing zoledronic acid (ZA) concentrations on osteoblast-like cells with different embryologic origins."],["dc.fs.pkfprnr","2489"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.oooo.2016.08.010"],["dc.identifier.fs","626267"],["dc.identifier.pmid","27720655"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/15133"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.eissn","2212-4411"],["dc.title","Osteoblast-like cells with different embryologic origins behave differently in increasing zoledronic acid concentrations: a pilot study in pigs"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","381"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","5"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","388"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","72"],["dc.contributor.author","Hahn, Wolfram"],["dc.contributor.author","Wasser-Merkel, Wiebke"],["dc.contributor.author","Lange, Katharina"],["dc.contributor.author","Gruber, Rudolf Matthias"],["dc.contributor.author","Kubein-Meesenburg, Dietmar"],["dc.contributor.author","Ihlow, Dankmar"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:51:07Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:51:07Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","Six-base retainers are often used to prevent tertiary crowding. To minimize shear stress on the retainer, these should be fitted as precisely as possible. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of fit of 6-base retainers after adhesive fixation using a neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnet chain or a resin positioning aid. A 6-base retainer was prepared for 40 pseudo-anonymous lower jaw models (2 x 20). Temporary fixation was performed with a resin positioning aid or a NdFeB magnet chain. The adhesive fixation of the retainers was randomized. The area and vertical distance between wire and teeth were determined by histomorphometry. The results were evaluated by ANOVA. The probability of error was specified as 5%. With the magnetic chain method, the area was significantly smaller than with the positioning aid (p = 0.0125). The difference between the two methods was ca. 1.3 mm(2). Moreover, the measured distance was affected significantly by the method used (p < 0.0002). With the magnet chain, the distance between the tooth and retainer was reduced by a mean of 0.05 mm. The fit of the retainer wire improves somewhat when the NdFeB magnet chain is used even though the wire is not as precisely positioned as it would be with a custom-made positioning aid."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s00056-011-0042-3"],["dc.identifier.isi","000295989400004"],["dc.identifier.pmid","21975795"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/21854"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Urban & Vogel"],["dc.relation.issn","1434-5293"],["dc.title","Accuracy of fit of 3-to-3 retainers after adhesive fixation using a neodymium-iron-boron magnet chain"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","301"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","307"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","19"],["dc.contributor.author","Brockmeyer, Phillipp"],["dc.contributor.author","Hahn, Wolfram"],["dc.contributor.author","Fenge, Stefan"],["dc.contributor.author","Moser, Norman"],["dc.contributor.author","Schliephake, Henning"],["dc.contributor.author","Gruber, Rudolf Matthias"],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-06-01T10:49:17Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-06-01T10:49:17Z"],["dc.date.issued","2015"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s10006-015-0499-0"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/86229"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI-Import GROB-425"],["dc.relation.eissn","1865-1569"],["dc.relation.issn","1865-1550"],["dc.title","Reduced somatosensory impairment by piezosurgery during orthognathic surgery of the mandible"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","145"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","The Angle Orthodontist"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","150"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","82"],["dc.contributor.author","Fricke-Zech, Susanne"],["dc.contributor.author","Gruber, Rudolf Matthias"],["dc.contributor.author","Dullin, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Zapf, Antonia"],["dc.contributor.author","Kramer, Franz-Josef"],["dc.contributor.author","Kubein-Meesenburg, Dietmar"],["dc.contributor.author","Hahn, Wolfram"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:15:56Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:15:56Z"],["dc.date.issued","2012"],["dc.description.abstract","Objective: To conduct a pilot study to investigate the potentiality to determine the midpalatal sutural width radiographically with a flat-panel volume computed tomography (fpVCT) in a porcine model. Materials and Methods: Bone samples from the midpalatal suture of five young (16 weeks) and five old (200 weeks) sus scrofa domestica were gathered. The midpalatal suture width was measured via fpVCT and compared to respective histological preparations. Results with P < .05 were considered significant. Results: The data obtained by fpVCT and by histomorphometric analysis reveal a highly significant age dependency of the measured suture width (both P < .0001), with lower suture width values in older subjects compared to the younger group. The averaged suture widths measured in the fpVCT images shows a distinctively higher mean compared to the histomorphometric data with high statistical significance (P < .0001). The evaluated difference between both methods was almost constant. Conclusion: fpVCT is a powerful tool for determining midpalatal sutural width. (Angle Orthod. 2012;82:145-150.)"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.2319/040311-238.1"],["dc.identifier.isi","000299136300022"],["dc.identifier.pmid","21812573"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/9971"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/27819"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc"],["dc.relation.issn","0003-3219"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.title","Measurement of the midpalatal suture width A comparison of flat-panel volume computed tomography to histomorphometric analysis in a porcine model"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","272"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY AND ENDODONTOLOGY"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","278"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","107"],["dc.contributor.author","Hahn, Wolfram"],["dc.contributor.author","Fricke-Zech, Susanne"],["dc.contributor.author","Fricke, Julia"],["dc.contributor.author","Gruber, Rudolf Matthias"],["dc.contributor.author","Dullin, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Zapf, Antonia"],["dc.contributor.author","Hannig, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Kubein-Meesenburg, Dietmar"],["dc.contributor.author","Sadat-Khonsari, Reza"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:33:16Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:33:16Z"],["dc.date.issued","2009"],["dc.description.abstract","Objective. Our aim was to evaluate the capacity of flat-panel volume computerized tomography (fpVCT) to enable the observer to detect and differentiate 3 different sizes of simulated tooth root defects in radiographs. Study design. Three simulated tooth root defects of different sizes and a defect-free area ( 160 sites in total) were randomly distributed on the buccal and lingual surface of 20 mandibular premolar roots of Sus scrofa domestica with round burs. For the imaging of the specimens, an fpVCT prototype was used. Findings were evaluated by 3 observers. Results. Cavity 0 ( no lesion) was correctly identified in 53%, cavity 1 in 69%, cavity 2 in 96%, and cavity 3 in 89%. Altogether, the simulated cavities were classified in a correct manner in 77%. The values were compared using receiver operating characteristic curves. The area under the curve (AUC) for cavity 0 versus the pooled results for cavities 1-3 was found to be 0.72. The AUC for the pooled results for 0-2 ( no pathologic impact) versus cavity 3 ( potential pathologic impact) was 0.94. There was no significant dependence of the results on the observer (P = .37). Results with P < .05 were considered to be significant. Conclusions. Flat-panel volume computerized tomography, which is currently used only as a research tool, has a high potential in detection and differentiation at an early stage of external root resorption cavities with pathologic relevance.. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 107: 272-278)"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.04.030"],["dc.identifier.isi","000262328100020"],["dc.identifier.pmid","18602316"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/6122"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/17534"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Mosby-elsevier"],["dc.relation.issn","1079-2104"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.title","Detection and size differentiation of simulated tooth root defects using flat-panel volume computerized tomography (fpVCT)"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","625"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","6"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","European Journal of Orthodontics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","631"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","31"],["dc.contributor.author","Hahn, Wolfram"],["dc.contributor.author","Fialka-Fricke, Julia"],["dc.contributor.author","Dathe, Henning"],["dc.contributor.author","Fricke-Zech, Susanne"],["dc.contributor.author","Zapf, Antonia"],["dc.contributor.author","Gruber, Rudolf"],["dc.contributor.author","Kubein-Meesenburg, Dietmar"],["dc.contributor.author","Sadat-Khonsari, Reza"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:21:26Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:21:26Z"],["dc.date.issued","2009"],["dc.description.abstract","The force properties of thermoformed appliances have not been systematically investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to quantify the forces delivered by thermoplastic appliances manufactured from three different materials, with the same thickness, on a central upper incisor, during tipping. Five identical appliances were manufactured from three different materials all with a thickness of 1.0 mm (Ideal Clear (R), Erkodur (R), and Biolon (R)). For measuring the forces, an isolated measuring tooth, as part of a standardized resin model incorporated in a newly developed measuring device, was tipped in nine 2.7 arc minute (0.04629 degree) steps, from 0 to 0.416 degrees in the vestibular and palatal directions around a rotational axis through the virtual apex, after positioning an appliance on the model. For statistical analysis, the force components Fx/tipping and Fz/intrusion at a displacement of +/- 0.151 mm from the incisor edge were determined. Means and standard deviations (SDs) were calculated. The Kruskal-Wallis test for overall effects and the Wilcoxon two-sample test for individual group pairings were used (P < 0.05 significance level). The mean Fx forces ranged from -2.82 N (SD 0.62) to 5.42 N (SD 0.56). The mean Fz forces were between -0.14 N (SD 0.52) and -2.3 N (SD 0.43). The highest intrusive forces were measured during vestibular displacement of the measuring tooth. The forces delivered by the Biolon (R) appliance were found to be much greater (P < 0.01) than those of the other materials. The forces delivered by the materials investigated were mostly higher than those stated in the literature."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1093/ejo/cjp047"],["dc.identifier.isi","000272065000009"],["dc.identifier.pmid","19525441"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/55770"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Oxford Univ Press"],["dc.relation.issn","0141-5387"],["dc.title","Initial forces generated by three types of thermoplastic appliances on an upper central incisor during tipping"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]