Schmidt, Wolfgang

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1088"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","5"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Applied Ecology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1097"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","48"],["dc.contributor.author","Bernhardt-Roemermann, Markus"],["dc.contributor.author","Roemermann, Christine"],["dc.contributor.author","Sperlich, Stefan"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:51:26Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:51:26Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","1. Grassland ecosystems are often used to generate biomass in temperate regions of the world. It is well known that biomass is influenced by climate and biodiversity, but the relative importance of these two factors in relation to management has not been widely studied. To recommend management treatments maximizing biomass yields we aim to quantify the relative effects of climate species and functional diversity on biomass in differently managed grasslands. 2. We studied the development of biomass yields over the last 37 years on a grassland site in Germany, with mowing at five frequencies (one to eight times per year), each with and without fertilization. We measured plant species richness (SR) and functional richness (FR) (the diversity of functional species properties) using presence-absence indices. We also measured species evenness (SE), functional evenness and functional divergence (FD) using abundance weighted indices. Climate was included as the mean temperature and sum of precipitation during the growing period. By relating biomass to the above-mentioned climatic and biodiversity parameters, we extracted the contribution of these to biomass yields. 3. Biomass changed over time for all treatments and was maximal at intermediate mowing frequencies. Temporal changes in biomass were partly explained by climate and different aspects of biodiversity, although this differed significantly between treatments. The relative importance of precipitation was highest at high mowing frequencies; the contribution of temperature was highest on less disturbed, unfertilized plots. FR and SR influenced biomass changes in the most intensive disturbance regimes on unfertilized and fertilized plots respectively. FD was most important on intensively disturbed, fertilized plots. SE influenced biomass at low mowing frequencies. 4. Synthesis and applications. Climate, species and functional diversity influence annual grassland biomass yields but their importance depends on nutrient status and management frequency. Our results indicate that management treatments with intermediate disturbance regimes will maximize biomass yields in temperate environments. This recommendation may become even more important in the context of climate change: at intermediate mowing frequencies the influence of climatic variables on biomass is less important by comparison to different aspects of biodiversity."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01968.x"],["dc.identifier.isi","000295095100004"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/21934"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Wiley-blackwell"],["dc.relation.issn","0021-8901"],["dc.title","Explaining grassland biomass - the contribution of climate, species and functional diversity depends on fertilization and mowing frequency"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","101"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Conservation Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","112"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","24"],["dc.contributor.author","Paillet, Yoan"],["dc.contributor.author","Berges, Laurent"],["dc.contributor.author","Hjalten, Joakim"],["dc.contributor.author","Odor, Peter"],["dc.contributor.author","Avon, Catherine"],["dc.contributor.author","Bernhardt-Roemermann, Markus"],["dc.contributor.author","Bijlsma, Rienk-Jan"],["dc.contributor.author","De Bruyn, Luc"],["dc.contributor.author","Fuhr, Marc"],["dc.contributor.author","Grandin, Ulf"],["dc.contributor.author","Kanka, Robert"],["dc.contributor.author","Lundin, Lars"],["dc.contributor.author","Luque, Sandra"],["dc.contributor.author","Magura, Tibor"],["dc.contributor.author","Matesanz, Silvia"],["dc.contributor.author","Meszaros, Ilona"],["dc.contributor.author","Teresa Sebastia, M.-"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.contributor.author","Standovar, Tibor"],["dc.contributor.author","Tothmeresz, Bela"],["dc.contributor.author","Uotila, Anneli"],["dc.contributor.author","Valladares, Fernando"],["dc.contributor.author","Vellak, Kai"],["dc.contributor.author","Virtanen, Risto"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:46:07Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:46:07Z"],["dc.date.issued","2010"],["dc.description.abstract","Past and present pressures on forest resources have led to a drastic decrease in the surface area of unmanaged forests in Europe. Changes in forest structure, composition, and dynamics inevitably lead to changes in the biodiversity of forest-dwelling species. The possible biodiversity gains and losses due to forest management (i.e., anthropogenic pressures related to direct forest resource use), however, have never been assessed at a pan-European scale. We used meta-analysis to review 49 published papers containing 120 individual comparisons of species richness between unmanaged and managed forests throughout Europe. We explored the response of different taxonomic groups and the variability of their response with respect to time since abandonment and intensity of forest management. Species richness was slightly higher in unmanaged than in managed forests. Species dependent on forest cover continuity, deadwood, and large trees (bryophytes, lichens, fungi, saproxylic beetles) and carabids were negatively affected by forest management. In contrast, vascular plant species were favored. The response for birds was heterogeneous and probably depended more on factors such as landscape patterns. The global difference in species richness between unmanaged and managed forests increased with time since abandonment and indicated a gradual recovery of biodiversity. Clearcut forests in which the composition of tree species changed had the strongest effect on species richness, but the effects of different types of management on taxa could not be assessed in a robust way because of low numbers of replications in the management-intensity classes. Our results show that some taxa are more affected by forestry than others, but there is a need for research into poorly studied species groups in Europe and in particular locations. Our meta-analysis supports the need for a coordinated European research network to study and monitor the biodiversity of different taxa in managed and unmanaged forests."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01399.x"],["dc.identifier.isi","000273686700015"],["dc.identifier.pmid","20121845"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/20613"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Wiley-blackwell"],["dc.relation.issn","0888-8892"],["dc.title","Biodiversity Differences between Managed and Unmanaged Forests: Meta-Analysis of Species Richness in Europe"],["dc.type","review"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1157"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Conservation Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1160"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","24"],["dc.contributor.author","Paillet, Yoan"],["dc.contributor.author","Berges, Laurent"],["dc.contributor.author","Hjalten, Joakim"],["dc.contributor.author","Odor, Peter"],["dc.contributor.author","Avon, Catherine"],["dc.contributor.author","Bernhardt-Roemermann, Markus"],["dc.contributor.author","Bijlsma, Rienk-Jan"],["dc.contributor.author","De Bruyn, Luc"],["dc.contributor.author","Fuhr, Marc"],["dc.contributor.author","Grandin, Ulf"],["dc.contributor.author","Kanka, Robert"],["dc.contributor.author","Lundin, Lars"],["dc.contributor.author","Luque, Sandra"],["dc.contributor.author","Magura, Tibor"],["dc.contributor.author","Matesanz, Silvia"],["dc.contributor.author","Meszaros, Ilona"],["dc.contributor.author","Sebastia, M.-Teresa"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.contributor.author","Standovar, Tibor"],["dc.contributor.author","Tothmeresz, Bela"],["dc.contributor.author","Uotila, Anneli"],["dc.contributor.author","Valladares, Fernando"],["dc.contributor.author","Vellak, Kai"],["dc.contributor.author","Virtanen, Risto"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:40:42Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:40:42Z"],["dc.date.issued","2010"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01543.x"],["dc.identifier.isi","000280148600029"],["dc.identifier.pmid","20575985"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/19293"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Wiley-blackwell Publishing, Inc"],["dc.relation.issn","0888-8892"],["dc.title","Compromises in Data Selection in a Meta-Analysis of Biodiversity in Managed and Unmanaged Forests: Response to Halme et al."],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dc.type.subtype","letter_note"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1533"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","10"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Oikos"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1541"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","117"],["dc.contributor.author","Bernhardt-Roemermann, Markus"],["dc.contributor.author","Roemermann, Christine"],["dc.contributor.author","Nuske, Robert"],["dc.contributor.author","Parth, Andreas"],["dc.contributor.author","Klotz, Stefan"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.contributor.author","Stadler, Jutta"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:10:46Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:10:46Z"],["dc.date.issued","2008"],["dc.description.abstract","Within the past few years plant functional trait analyses have been widely applied to learn more about the processes and patterns of ecosystem development in response to environmental changes. These approaches are based on the assumption that plants with similar ecologically relevant trait attributes respond to environmental changes in comparable ways. Several methods have been described on how to analyse a priori defined trait sets with respect to environment. Irrespective of the statistical methods used to contrast ecosystem responses and environmental conditions, each functional trait approach depends strongly on the initial trait set. In nearly all recent studies on functional trait analysis a test, if a trait is responsible, is applied independently from the core analysis. In the current study we present a method that extracts those traits from a wider set of traits which are optimal for describing the ecosystem response to a given environmental gradient. This was done by the use of iterative three-table ordination techniques with each possible trait combination. We further concentrated on the effect of the inclusion of too many traits in such analyses. As examples the method was applied to three long term studies on abandoned arable fields. The approach was validated by comparing the results with literature-knowledge on arable field succession. Although the trait pre-selection was only based on a statistical procedure, our method was able to identify all relevant processes of ecosystem responses. All three sites show comparable ecosystem responses; the importance of the competitive ability of plants was highlighted. We further demonstrated that the use of too many traits results in an over-fitting of the trait-environment model. The presented method of iterative RLQ-analyses is adequate to identify responding traits to environmental changes: the discovered processes of successional development of abandoned arable fields are consistent with our knowledge from the literature."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16776.x"],["dc.identifier.isi","000259351700011"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/53278"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Wiley-blackwell"],["dc.relation.issn","0030-1299"],["dc.title","On the identification of the most suitable traits for plant functional trait analyses"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","272"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Forest Ecology and Management"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","281"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","256"],["dc.contributor.author","Moelder, Andreas"],["dc.contributor.author","Bernhardt-Roemermann, Markus"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:12:53Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:12:53Z"],["dc.date.issued","2008"],["dc.description.abstract","Where natural production capacity permits, modern silvicultural management in Central Europe frequently aims at the development of mixed broadleaved stands, instead of pure European beech (Fagus sylvatica) stands. It is crucial to study the effects of these tree-layer diversity variations on herb-layer vegetation, since herb-layer vegetation contributes significantly to ecosystem functioning in forests. In Hainich National Park (Thuringia, Germany), we conducted observational research in deciduous stands to investigate whether herb-layer diversity was related to canopy-layer diversity, and to ascertain possible causal mechanisms. We found that herb-layer vegetation of deciduous forest stands rich in canopy species appeared to be more diverse than herb-layer vegetation of beech-dominated stands. We surmise that herbaceous understorey diversity was indirectly influenced by canopy tree species through the medium of the altered environmental factors soil pH and litter layer thickness. Apparently, lower beech proportion had a more profound effect than the number of secondary tree species. There were no correlations between herb-layer diversity and light transmissibility of the canopy layer, indicating that the light factor was not crucial for herb-layer diversity. At least for the Hainich research sites, our results indicated that small-scale light and soil heterogeneity is insignificant for herb-layer diversity. We found several herb-layer species whose occurrence was particularly correlated with tree-layer diversity and environmental factors. Remarkably, all species positively correlated with soil pH were important for the phytosociological classification of the research sites. Beech-dominated research sites showed high tree-layer volumes, whereas research sites with high tree-layer diversity tended to feature lower tree-layer volumes. These findings could be the result of differing former silvicultural systems and varying soil clay contents affecting tree species composition. In contrast, herb-layer biomass was positively correlated with tree-layer diversity. Herb-layer productivity might be promoted in more diverse research sites by increased nutrient supply and base saturation. It is also possible that greater beech proportion interfered with herb-layer productivity. However, herb-layer biomass was also positively correlated with herb-layer diversity. Hence, our study hints that positive diversity-functioning relationships might occur in the herb-layer of the deciduous forest under investigation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.012"],["dc.identifier.isi","000258017400011"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/53763"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Science Bv"],["dc.relation.issn","1872-7042"],["dc.relation.issn","0378-1127"],["dc.title","Herb-layer diversity in deciduous forests: Raised by tree richness or beaten by beech?"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","117"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Folia Geobotanica"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","118"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","47"],["dc.contributor.author","Prevosto, Bernard"],["dc.contributor.author","Kuiters, Loek"],["dc.contributor.author","Bernhardt-Roemermann, Markus"],["dc.contributor.author","Doelle, Michaela"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.contributor.author","Hoffmann, Maurice"],["dc.contributor.author","van Uytvanck, Jan"],["dc.contributor.author","Bohner, Andreas"],["dc.contributor.author","Kreiner, Daniel"],["dc.contributor.author","Stadler, Jutta"],["dc.contributor.author","Klotz, Stephan"],["dc.contributor.author","Brandl, Roland"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:12:45Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:12:45Z"],["dc.date.issued","2012"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s12224-012-9121-5"],["dc.identifier.isi","000302069000008"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/27015"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Springer"],["dc.relation.issn","1211-9520"],["dc.title","Impacts of Land Abandonment on Vegetation: Successional Pathways in European Habitats (vol 46, pg 303, 2011)"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","508"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","6"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Flora"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","522"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","203"],["dc.contributor.author","Doelle, Michaela"],["dc.contributor.author","Bernhardt-Roemermann, Markus"],["dc.contributor.author","Parth, Andreas"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:19:55Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:19:55Z"],["dc.date.issued","2008"],["dc.description.abstract","This paper describes the patterns of vegetation change by spontaneous succession on former agricultural land. In 1968, initiated by Heinz Ellenberg, an experimental study site was set up on an arable field in the new botanical garden of Gottingen University (Germany). The undisturbed Successions on four plots of a long sere (since 1968/69) and on four additional plots of a shorter sere (since 1982) were evaluated. The seres were classified into stages by cluster analysis, which yield to four Subsequent stages for the long sere and to three Subsequent stages for the short sere. The early succession is characterized by a high proportion of species invasion, whereas with developing time species extinction increased. On all study plots undisturbed Succession directed to the development of pioneer forests. Altogether 247 vascular plant species were recorded. The total species richness shows a fluctuating course during the Successional seres, with significantly increased numbers shortly after Succession has started and a decline in the pioneer-forest stage, when stands age and close down. The primary aim was to compare the characteristics (particular traits) of species occurring at different stages of succession. The majority of the traits concerned exhibited some clear trends in the course of succession. Exclusive reproduction by seeds decreased and the ability for additional vegetative reproduction increased. Anemochorous dispersal significantly decreased, whereas the importance of dispersal by animals, especially endochorous, dominates in the pioneer-forest stage. The mean seed weight significantly increased. During early Succession, plant species staying green over winter dominated, but are of none relevance in the pioneer-forest stage, where summergreen plant species dominate. The change in strategy type features a significant increase of competitive species. The mean Indicator value for light in the herb layer decreased significantly in the pioneer-forest stage. (c) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.flora.2007.07.005"],["dc.identifier.isi","000258867800007"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/55406"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Gmbh, Urban & Fischer Verlag"],["dc.relation.issn","0367-2530"],["dc.title","Changes in life history trait composition during undisturbed old-field succession"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","777"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Ecology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","787"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","99"],["dc.contributor.author","Bernhardt-Roemermann, Markus"],["dc.contributor.author","Gray, Alan"],["dc.contributor.author","Vanbergen, Adam J."],["dc.contributor.author","Berges, Laurent"],["dc.contributor.author","Bohner, Andreas"],["dc.contributor.author","Brooker, Rob W."],["dc.contributor.author","De Bruyn, Luc"],["dc.contributor.author","De Cinti, Bruno"],["dc.contributor.author","Dirnboeck, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Grandin, Ulf"],["dc.contributor.author","Hester, Alison J."],["dc.contributor.author","Kanka, Robert"],["dc.contributor.author","Klotz, Stefan"],["dc.contributor.author","Loucougaray, Gregory"],["dc.contributor.author","Lundin, Lars"],["dc.contributor.author","Matteucci, Giorgio"],["dc.contributor.author","Meszaros, Ilona"],["dc.contributor.author","Viktor Olah, Viktor Olah"],["dc.contributor.author","Preda, Elena"],["dc.contributor.author","Prevosto, Bernard"],["dc.contributor.author","Pykala, Juha"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.contributor.author","Taylor, Michele E."],["dc.contributor.author","Vadineanu, Angheluta"],["dc.contributor.author","Waldmann, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Stadler, Jutta"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:56:39Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:56:39Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","P>1. Disturbance is one of the most important factors structuring the taxonomic and functional composition of vegetation. Vegetation resistance or resilience to disturbance depends on local environmental conditions, further modifying the pool of species and traits. This paper aims to understand how disturbance and local environment combine to affect the resistance and resilience of vegetation. 2. A functional-trait approach was used to detect traits related to vegetation resistance and resilience, and trait attributes of individual species responding to disturbance. Trait approaches enable comparison of vegetation responses across biogeographic regions containing different species pools. 3. At 35 European forest and grassland sites, experimental disturbance (human trampling) was applied at five intensities. Indices for resistance and resilience were calculated, based on total vegetation cover, and related to climate and local site factors. Additional indices were calculated for the most common species to demonstrate traits that confer resistance and resilience to disturbance. 4. Vegetation resistance was related to occurrence of species with traits selected by a history of intensive land use (smaller leaf size, rosette plant form) and local environmental conditions. Vegetation resilience, however, was associated with ecosystem properties that facilitate higher growth rates. Resilient vegetation occurred where irradiation was higher (grasslands, open forests) with sufficient water availability (summer precipitation, humidity) and comprised of species with traits related to enhanced growth rates (increased specific leaf area, decreased leaf dry matter content). 5. Synthesis. This pan-European disturbance experiment demonstrates that different drivers (land use or climate) of vegetation response show different mechanistic responses to physical disturbance. Resistance depends on the functional composition of predominant species in the assemblage, which is strongly affected by land-use history; resilience is directly connected to growth rates affected by climate. We argue for the inclusion of land-use history and climate into the planning process for visitor management, especially in areas of high conservation interest."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01794.x"],["dc.identifier.isi","000289626000014"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/23203"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Wiley-blackwell"],["dc.relation.issn","0022-0477"],["dc.title","Functional traits and local environment predict vegetation responses to disturbance: a pan-European multi-site experiment"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]