Schmidt, Wolfgang

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","9"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","34"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","TUEXENIA"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","38"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrichs, Steffi"],["dc.contributor.author","Winterhoff, Wulfard"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:45:50Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:45:50Z"],["dc.date.issued","2014"],["dc.description.abstract","Aim - The vegetation of Central European beech forests has changed considerably over the past decades. However, the influence of land-use, climate change, eutrophication and deer browsing on thermophilous beech forests on dry slopes is unknown. We compared vegetation releves from 1955 to 1960 with recent surveys and asked: (1) How did structure, diversity and plant species composition change? (2) What are the driving factors behind these changes? (3) What conclusions can be drawn for a future development and management of these forests? Location - Gottingen forest (southern Lower Saxony, Germany, Central Europe). Methods - The vegetation of four sub-associations of the Carici-Fagetum was surveyed on 78 semi-permanent plots in the time periods 1955 to 1960 and 2011 to 2012. Differences in vegetation structure, diversity, species composition, species groups and site parameters between the time periods were analyzed using ordination and permutation analyses as well as pairwise comparisons. Results - In terms of structure, the shrub layer gained in coverage, probably due to an intensification of hunting. In the herb layer, species typical of the Carici-Fagetum, including many red-list-species, decreased, whilst species typical for mesic beech forests increased, which is also visible in Ellenberg indicator values. Thus the decrease of light-demanding species, tolerant of drought and low nutrient supply is accompanied by an increase in shade-tolerant, mesophilous, nutrient-demanding species of closed beech forests which produces a homogenization of the vegetation. This development is attributed to changes in microclimate caused by a dense shrub layer as well as atmospheric nitrogen deposition, which promotes the growth of beech. A clear increase in the evergreen ivy (Hedera helix), an oceanic species very susceptible to low temperatures in winter and promoted by elevated CO2-concentrations, indicates an influence of global climate change. This species might also have benefitted from a reduction in roe deer browsing, as did Lilium martagon, the only red-list-species gaining in cover over the past 50 years. Conclusion - Thermophilous beech forests on dry slopes have lost characteristic and valuable floristic elements - often relicts of the past coppice-with-standard and wood pasture management over the past 50 years. The abandonment of forest management, often due to nature conservation measures, the reduction in roe deer browsing and the deposition of atmospheric nitrogen have initiated a succession of the Carici-Fagetum community towards mesic forests, a development typical for thermophilous deciduous forests in Central Europe, which are recovering from centuries of wood extraction and soil degradation."],["dc.identifier.isi","000341545700002"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/34722"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Floristisch-soziologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft E V"],["dc.relation.issn","0722-494X"],["dc.title","50 years of constancy and dynamics of calcareous beech forests on dry slopes (Carici-Fagetum) - A comparison of old and recent vegetation releves from the Gottingen forest"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","49"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","61"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrichs, Steffi"],["dc.contributor.author","Winterhoff, Wulfard"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.contributor.editor","Dengler, Jürgen"],["dc.contributor.editor","Oldeland, Jens"],["dc.contributor.editor","Jansen, Florian"],["dc.contributor.editor","Chytrý, Milan"],["dc.contributor.editor","Ewald, Jörg"],["dc.contributor.editor","Finckh, Manfred"],["dc.contributor.editor","Glöckler, Falko"],["dc.contributor.editor","Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela"],["dc.contributor.editor","Peet, Robert K."],["dc.contributor.editor","Schaminée, Joop H. J."],["dc.date.accessioned","2014-02-19T13:35:25Z"],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-10-27T13:13:30Z"],["dc.date.available","2014-02-19T13:35:25Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-10-27T13:13:30Z"],["dc.date.issued","2012"],["dc.description.abstract","The aim of this study was to investigate the vegetation dynamics of suboceanic, submontane, mesic beech forests on lime-stone that are very rich in spring geophytes over half a century, considering changes in abiotic and biotic conditions including global climate change. Vegetation relevés sampled in the Göttinger Wald, southern Lower Saxony, Germany, between 1955 and 1960 (n = 25) and in 1968 (n = 10) were re-surveyed in 2009 on quasi-permanent plots. Differences in species composition, species abundance and vegetation structure were compared between inventories using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), multiple response per-mutation procedure (MRPP) and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Forty to fifty years ago, a shrub layer was scarcely present, but is common today as a consequence of intensified hunting. An increasing abundance of Allium ursinum, Urtica dioica and Sambucus ni-gra and a general shift to species composition with higher Ellenberg indicator values for nitrogen can be ascribed to atmospheric nitro-gen deposition. The spring geophytes A. ursinum, Corydalis cava and Leucojum vernum can also benefit from global climate change with an earlier start of the vegetation period. A shift towards more oceanic conditions, with mild winters in the past fifty years, may also have increased the competitive strength of evergreen species that are susceptible to long frost periods (e.g. Hedera helix). The re-sampling of the beech forest vegetation on limestone revealed that many factors have influenced the dynamics over the past half cen-tury. These include eutrophication and a reduction in roe deer browsing, but our results also indicate a possible influence of climate change on community composition. In focussing on a small dataset from a very rich sub-unit of beech forests on limestone, the posi-tive response of the spring geophytes becomes particularly obvious."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.7809/b-e.00059"],["dc.identifier.fs","593912"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/9920"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/91783"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Migrated from goescholar"],["dc.relation.ispartof","Vegetation databases for the 21st century"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Fakultät für Forstwissenschaften und Waldökologie"],["dc.rights.access","openAccess"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.subject","Allium ursinum; Ellenberg indicator value; Hedera helix; species composition change; spring geophyte; vegetation re-sampling"],["dc.title","Vegetation dynamics of beech forests on limestone in central Germany over half a century – effects of climate change, forest management, eutrophication or game browsing?"],["dc.type","book_chapter"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]