Schmidt, Wolfgang

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","613"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","European Journal of Forest Research"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","624"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","129"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrichs, Steffi"],["dc.contributor.author","Bernhardt-Roemermann, Markus"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:41:37Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:41:37Z"],["dc.date.issued","2010"],["dc.description.abstract","The estimation model PhytoCalc allows a non-destructive quantification of dry weight and nutrient pools of understorey plants in forests by using the relationship between species biomass, cover and mean shoot length. The model has been validated with independent samples in several German forest types and can be a useful tool in forest monitoring. However, in open areas within forests (e.g. clearcuts), the current model version underestimates biomass and produces unreliable nutrient pool estimations. Thus, tissue density, as approximated by leaf dry matter content (LDMC), is systematically higher under high light compared to low light conditions. We demonstrate that the ratio of LDMC under clearcut conditions to LDMC under forest conditions can be used to adjust the PhytoCalc model to clearcut conditions. We investigated the LDMC ratio of five exemplary species commonly occurring on clearcuts. Integrating the square of the ratio as a correction factor improved estimates of biomass to more than 70% fit between observations and predictions. Results also suggest this ratio can be used to correct nutrient concentrations modelled in PhytoCalc, which tend to be overestimated in clearcuts. As morphological groups of plant species exhibit significantly different ratios, we advise using group-specific correction factors for clearcut adjustments in the future."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s10342-010-0362-7"],["dc.identifier.isi","000278522600011"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/5006"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/19512"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Springer"],["dc.relation.issn","1612-4669"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.title","The estimation of aboveground biomass and nutrient pools of understorey plants in closed Norway spruce forests and on clearcuts"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Applied Vegetation Science"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","24"],["dc.contributor.author","Depauw, Leen"],["dc.contributor.author","Perring, Michael P."],["dc.contributor.author","Landuyt, Dries"],["dc.contributor.author","Maes, Sybryn L."],["dc.contributor.author","Blondeel, Haben"],["dc.contributor.author","De Lombaerde, Emiel"],["dc.contributor.author","Brūmelis, Guntis"],["dc.contributor.author","Brunet, Jörg"],["dc.contributor.author","Closset‐Kopp, Déborah"],["dc.contributor.author","Decocq, Guillaume"],["dc.contributor.author","Den Ouden, Jan"],["dc.contributor.author","Härdtle, Werner"],["dc.contributor.author","Hédl, Radim"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinken, Thilo"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrichs, Steffi"],["dc.contributor.author","Jaroszewicz, Bogdan"],["dc.contributor.author","Kopecký, Martin"],["dc.contributor.author","Liepiņa, Ilze"],["dc.contributor.author","Macek, Martin"],["dc.contributor.author","Máliš, František"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.contributor.author","Smart, Simon M."],["dc.contributor.author","Ujházy, Karol"],["dc.contributor.author","Wulf, Monika"],["dc.contributor.author","Verheyen, Kris"],["dc.contributor.editor","Wagner, Viktoria"],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-04-14T08:31:32Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-04-14T08:31:32Z"],["dc.date.issued","2020"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/avsc.12532"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/83626"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-399"],["dc.relation.eissn","1654-109X"],["dc.relation.issn","1402-2001"],["dc.title","Evaluating structural and compositional canopy characteristics to predict the light‐demand signature of the forest understorey in mixed, semi‐natural temperate forests"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","667"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","5"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Forest Ecology and Management"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","678"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","258"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrichs, Steffi"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:25:38Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:25:38Z"],["dc.date.issued","2009"],["dc.description.abstract","The conversion of even-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) H. Karst.) stands into more site adapted mixed stands is the main silvicultural goal in Germany and many other European countries. The conversion will primarily be achieved with the help of selection cutting, removing single target diameter trees and creating small gaps. At sites highly susceptible to windthrow, however, small scale clear cutting (up to 1 ha) might be an appropriate alternative. Both selection and clear cutting will affect the understorey vegetation, an important component of forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Thus, with the help of a BACI-experiment (before-after/control-impact), the short-term effects of selection and small scale clear cutting on the herb and shrub layer vegetation were studied at two sites in the Solling Hills (Lower Saxony, Germany). Both treatments led to an increase in herb and shrub layer species numbers, due to persistent and invading (mainly pioneer tree species and indicators of disturbance) species and to a shift in plant traits. Most responsible for the changes in vegetation was a higher light availability, and to a lesser degree soil disturbance. The number of annuals and ruderals, however, increased only immediately after clear cutting, whereas on selection cutting plots the numbers remained high. Gaining in number and coverage were competitive perennials (Epilobium angustifolium, Juncus effusus, Rubus idaeus) especially on the clear cuttings, fulfilling a nutrient retention function. The competitives did not deter tree species from regenerating in the clear cut plots, whereas on selection cutting plots the large expansion of R. idaeus appeared to be hindering tree colonisation. Suffering under clear cut conditions were predominantly shade-tolerant, closed-forest species, but no loss of these species could be detected. This indicates the potential for a fast recovery of these forest species, as soon as, pioneer trees expand. Although the vegetation changed in similar directions at both study sites, differences in species numbers and composition were found, indicating the importance of site conditions in the beginning of succession. In conclusion, our study shows no overall negative effects on shrub and herb layer biodiversity and trait composition after clear cutting. It is suggested that small scale clear cutting may be considered an appropriate alternative to silvicultural methods which cause a moderate rate of disturbance, to reach the goal of Norway spruce forest conversion. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.foreco.2009.04.037"],["dc.identifier.isi","000268623400015"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/56668"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Science Bv"],["dc.relation.issn","0378-1127"],["dc.title","Short-term effects of selection and clear cutting on the shrub and herb layer vegetation during the conversion of even-aged Norway spruce stands into mixed stands"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1411"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Ecology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1425"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","108"],["dc.contributor.author","Depauw, Leen"],["dc.contributor.author","Perring, Michael P."],["dc.contributor.author","Landuyt, Dries"],["dc.contributor.author","Maes, Sybryn L."],["dc.contributor.author","Blondeel, Haben"],["dc.contributor.author","De Lombaerde, Emiel"],["dc.contributor.author","Brūmelis, Guntis"],["dc.contributor.author","Brunet, Jörg"],["dc.contributor.author","Closset‐Kopp, Déborah"],["dc.contributor.author","Czerepko, Janusz"],["dc.contributor.author","Decocq, Guillaume"],["dc.contributor.author","den Ouden, Jan"],["dc.contributor.author","Gawryś, Radosław"],["dc.contributor.author","Härdtle, Werner"],["dc.contributor.author","Hédl, Radim"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinken, Thilo"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrichs, Steffi"],["dc.contributor.author","Jaroszewicz, Bogdan"],["dc.contributor.author","Kopecký, Martin"],["dc.contributor.author","Liepiņa, Ilze"],["dc.contributor.author","Macek, Martin"],["dc.contributor.author","Máliš, František"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.contributor.author","Smart, Simon M."],["dc.contributor.author","Ujházy, Karol"],["dc.contributor.author","Wulf, Monika"],["dc.contributor.author","Verheyen, Kris"],["dc.contributor.editor","Gilliam, Frank"],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-04-14T08:27:31Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-04-14T08:27:31Z"],["dc.date.issued","2020"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/1365-2745.13339"],["dc.identifier.eissn","1365-2745"],["dc.identifier.issn","0022-0477"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/82314"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-399"],["dc.relation.eissn","1365-2745"],["dc.relation.issn","0022-0477"],["dc.title","Light availability and land‐use history drive biodiversity and functional changes in forest herb layer communities"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","7"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","32"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","TUEXENIA"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","29"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrichs, Steffi"],["dc.contributor.author","Schulte, Uta"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:15:06Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:15:06Z"],["dc.date.issued","2012"],["dc.description.abstract","On December 1st 1988 an ice break caused severe disturbances in beech forests of eastern Westphalia. Within the strict forest reserve Ochsenberg (Eggegebirge/North Rhine-Westphalia) two permanent plots (fenced and unfenced core areas) were established on an eastern slope covered with beech forest on limestone, to document the natural forest regeneration after the ice break. The tree population (1989, 1999, 2009), the tree regeneration (1989, 1993, 1997, 2011), and the understorey vegetation (1989, 1993, 1994, 2011) were repeatedly recorded. A comparison of earlier and current data showed an establishment of Urtica dioica and Rubus idaeus in the first years after the ice break. These species benefitted from improved light and nutrient conditions. Species typical for closed forests were nearly unaffected by the disturbance. They persisted under remaining old beech trees, within dead wood structures, and beneath establishing natural regeneration. 20 years after the ice break the tree layer has regenerated. The differences in vegetation composition depending on slope position (upper, middle and lower slope) and fencing variants (fenced and unfenced) that were detected in former investigations decreased. Especially the reduced light availability led to a decline in light-demanding disturbance indicators and in the coverage of the herb layer in general. Only the spring geophytes A Ilium ursinum and Cardamine bulbifera were recorded with constant cover values, They benefitted from a darker and moister microclimate within the regenerated forest. Pioneer tree species established rarely after disturbance, as beech dominated the natural regeneration at all times. This beech regeneration consisted of re-sprouting of overthrown beeches, but especially of seedlings from nuts produced by remaining old beech trees, which offered shelter for the developing seedlings as well. Due to the low light availability, a current regeneration of shade-tolerant beech was not observed. The present analysis documents the great regeneration ability of beech forests on limestone after large-scale disturbance. Due to the windward position and the high precipitation in the Eggegebirge, the local forests are susceptible to ice and snow break. Further disturbance within the strict forest reserve Ochsenberg is likely. Thus, we recommend a regular record of forest and vegetation data within the core area and the additional establishment of permanent plots across the whole forest reserve to be able to document future disturbance and different successional communities. In combination with data from other strict forest reserves the results can be useful in analyzing natural regeneration processes after large-scale disturbance. Furthermore conclusions for a close-to-nature forestry can be drawn."],["dc.identifier.isi","000306680700002"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/27595"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Floristisch-soziologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft E V"],["dc.relation.issn","0722-494X"],["dc.title","Ice break within a beech forest - Investigations on vegetation dynamics in the strict forest reserve \"Ochsenberg\"-(Eggegebirge/North Rhine-Westphalia)"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","73"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Forests"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","10"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrichs, Steffi"],["dc.contributor.author","Ammer, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Mund, Martina"],["dc.contributor.author","Boch, Steffen"],["dc.contributor.author","Budde, Sabine"],["dc.contributor.author","Fischer, Markus"],["dc.contributor.author","Müller, Jörg"],["dc.contributor.author","Schöning, Ingo"],["dc.contributor.author","Schulze, Ernst-Detlef"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.contributor.author","Weckesser, Martin"],["dc.contributor.author","Schall, Peter"],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-09T11:50:48Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-09T11:50:48Z"],["dc.date.issued","2019"],["dc.description.abstract","Tree species diversity can positively affect the multifunctionality of forests. This is why conifer monocultures of Scots pine and Norway spruce, widely promoted in Central Europe since the 18th and 19th century, are currently converted into mixed stands with naturally dominant European beech. Biodiversity is expected to benefit from these mixtures compared to pure conifer stands due to increased abiotic and biotic resource heterogeneity. Evidence for this assumption is, however, largely lacking. Here, we investigated the diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens at the plot (alpha diversity) and at the landscape (gamma diversity) level in pure and mixed stands of European beech and conifer species (Scots pine, Norway spruce, Douglas fir) in four regions in Germany. We aimed to identify compositions of pure and mixed stands in a hypothetical forest landscape that can optimize gamma diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens within regions. Results show that gamma diversity of the investigated groups is highest when a landscape comprises different pure stands rather than tree species mixtures at the stand scale. Species mainly associated with conifers rely on light regimes that are only provided in pure conifer forests, whereas mixtures of beech and conifers are more similar to beech stands. Combining pure beech and pure conifer stands at the landscape scale can increase landscape level biodiversity and conserve species assemblages of both stand types, while landscapes solely composed of stand scale tree species mixtures could lead to a biodiversity reduction of a combination of investigated groups of 7 up to 20%."],["dc.description.sponsorship","Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.3390/f10010073"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/16004"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/59834"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.publisher","MDPI"],["dc.relation.eissn","1999-4907"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],["dc.subject.ddc","570"],["dc.title","Landscape-Scale Mixtures of Tree Species are More Effective than Stand-Scale Mixtures for Biodiversity of Vascular Plants, Bryophytes and Lichens"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Plant Ecology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","15"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","216"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrichs, Steffi"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:03:53Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:03:53Z"],["dc.date.issued","2015"],["dc.description.abstract","A spread of Hedera helix L. into beech forests has been observed during the last 20 years in Central Europe. As this species is susceptible to intensive frost, it is believed that climate change with mild winters is the responsible driver. Other factors can, however, be equally important including forest management, eutrophication, and browsing. We compared old (sampled 1955-1967) and recent (sampled 2000-2012) relev,s as well as managed/unmanaged, fenced/unfenced, and fertilized (N, P and a combination of both)/unfertilized plots sampled in two beech forest communities of the Gottinger Wald (Lower Saxony, Germany), and addressed these potential drivers and their effect on H. helix. The H. helix abundance significantly increased in the last 50 years, accompanied by a general temperature increase and a reduction in severe frost events suggesting an influence of climate change. Inter-annual changes in H. helix cover correlated with climate variables reveal an interplay between low minimum temperatures and snow cover. The spread of H. helix, however, also goes along with higher nitrogen availability and a reduction in browsing pressure. A fertilization experiment underlines a positive impact of N and P on the H. helix abundance, whereas fencing and management reduced it by promoting a competing shrub layer. Thus, climate change could not be identified as the main driver of a H. helix spread in the Gottinger Wald. It is rather caused by a complex interaction of changing abiotic (climate change and eutrophication) and biotic (browsing, competition) conditions, that is not fully understood yet."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s11258-014-0412-1"],["dc.identifier.isi","000347696700001"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/38576"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Springer"],["dc.relation.issn","1573-5052"],["dc.relation.issn","1385-0237"],["dc.title","Dynamics of Hedera helix L. in Central European beech forests on limestone: results from long-term monitoring and experimental studies"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","795"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","10"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Diversity"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","14"],["dc.contributor.affiliation","Heinrichs, Steffi; 1Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany"],["dc.contributor.affiliation","Dölle, Michaela; 1Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany"],["dc.contributor.affiliation","Vor, Torsten; 1Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany"],["dc.contributor.affiliation","Balcar, Patricia; 4Ecological Forest Development, Research Institute of Forest Ecology and Forestry, Rhineland-Palatinate, Hauptstraße 16, 67705 Trippstadt, Germany"],["dc.contributor.affiliation","Schmidt, Wolfgang; 1Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrichs, Steffi"],["dc.contributor.author","Dölle, Michaela"],["dc.contributor.author","Vor, Torsten"],["dc.contributor.author","Balcar, Patricia"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.contributor.editor","Dinca, Lucian"],["dc.contributor.editor","Zhiyanski, Miglena"],["dc.date.accessioned","2022-12-01T08:31:39Z"],["dc.date.available","2022-12-01T08:31:39Z"],["dc.date.issued","2022"],["dc.date.updated","2022-11-11T13:12:32Z"],["dc.description.abstract","The non-native Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is widely distributed in Europe and promoted by forestry due to its assumed resistance against climate change. An increasing cultivation area is, however, viewed critically by nature conservation as negative effects on native biodiversity and naturalness are expected. We investigated plant species diversity and composition in two strict forest reserves (SFR) dominated by Douglas fir in southwest Germany. These reserves were established in the years 2001/2002 to study the development of Douglas fir forests after management abandonment. Vegetation surveys were conducted in 2005 and repeated in 2017. We used re-survey data from a nearby SFR dominated by native tree species as a reference. The understory vegetation showed consistent development after management abandonment, irrespective of tree species identity and origin. It became less diverse and more shade-tolerant over time due to missing soil disturbance and decreasing light availability. In contrast to a native canopy, though, Douglas fir promoted the share of generalist species. Regeneration of Douglas fir largely decreased in the SFRs underlining its competitive weakness against native tree species, mainly against European beech (Fagus sylvatica). Thereby, regeneration patterns of Douglas fir in the SFR were similar to those observed in the native range."],["dc.description.sponsorship","Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2022"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.3390/d14100795"],["dc.identifier.pii","d14100795"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/118226"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI-Import GROB-621"],["dc.publisher","MDPI"],["dc.relation.eissn","1424-2818"],["dc.relation.issn","1424-2818"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.title","Understory Vegetation Dynamics in Non-Native Douglas Fir Forests after Management Abandonment—A Case Study in Two Strict Forest Reserves in Southwest Germany"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","9"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","34"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","TUEXENIA"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","38"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrichs, Steffi"],["dc.contributor.author","Winterhoff, Wulfard"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:45:50Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:45:50Z"],["dc.date.issued","2014"],["dc.description.abstract","Aim - The vegetation of Central European beech forests has changed considerably over the past decades. However, the influence of land-use, climate change, eutrophication and deer browsing on thermophilous beech forests on dry slopes is unknown. We compared vegetation releves from 1955 to 1960 with recent surveys and asked: (1) How did structure, diversity and plant species composition change? (2) What are the driving factors behind these changes? (3) What conclusions can be drawn for a future development and management of these forests? Location - Gottingen forest (southern Lower Saxony, Germany, Central Europe). Methods - The vegetation of four sub-associations of the Carici-Fagetum was surveyed on 78 semi-permanent plots in the time periods 1955 to 1960 and 2011 to 2012. Differences in vegetation structure, diversity, species composition, species groups and site parameters between the time periods were analyzed using ordination and permutation analyses as well as pairwise comparisons. Results - In terms of structure, the shrub layer gained in coverage, probably due to an intensification of hunting. In the herb layer, species typical of the Carici-Fagetum, including many red-list-species, decreased, whilst species typical for mesic beech forests increased, which is also visible in Ellenberg indicator values. Thus the decrease of light-demanding species, tolerant of drought and low nutrient supply is accompanied by an increase in shade-tolerant, mesophilous, nutrient-demanding species of closed beech forests which produces a homogenization of the vegetation. This development is attributed to changes in microclimate caused by a dense shrub layer as well as atmospheric nitrogen deposition, which promotes the growth of beech. A clear increase in the evergreen ivy (Hedera helix), an oceanic species very susceptible to low temperatures in winter and promoted by elevated CO2-concentrations, indicates an influence of global climate change. This species might also have benefitted from a reduction in roe deer browsing, as did Lilium martagon, the only red-list-species gaining in cover over the past 50 years. Conclusion - Thermophilous beech forests on dry slopes have lost characteristic and valuable floristic elements - often relicts of the past coppice-with-standard and wood pasture management over the past 50 years. The abandonment of forest management, often due to nature conservation measures, the reduction in roe deer browsing and the deposition of atmospheric nitrogen have initiated a succession of the Carici-Fagetum community towards mesic forests, a development typical for thermophilous deciduous forests in Central Europe, which are recovering from centuries of wood extraction and soil degradation."],["dc.identifier.isi","000341545700002"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/34722"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Floristisch-soziologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft E V"],["dc.relation.issn","0722-494X"],["dc.title","50 years of constancy and dynamics of calcareous beech forests on dry slopes (Carici-Fagetum) - A comparison of old and recent vegetation releves from the Gottingen forest"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","49"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","61"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrichs, Steffi"],["dc.contributor.author","Winterhoff, Wulfard"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Wolfgang"],["dc.contributor.editor","Dengler, Jürgen"],["dc.contributor.editor","Oldeland, Jens"],["dc.contributor.editor","Jansen, Florian"],["dc.contributor.editor","Chytrý, Milan"],["dc.contributor.editor","Ewald, Jörg"],["dc.contributor.editor","Finckh, Manfred"],["dc.contributor.editor","Glöckler, Falko"],["dc.contributor.editor","Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela"],["dc.contributor.editor","Peet, Robert K."],["dc.contributor.editor","Schaminée, Joop H. J."],["dc.date.accessioned","2014-02-19T13:35:25Z"],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-10-27T13:13:30Z"],["dc.date.available","2014-02-19T13:35:25Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-10-27T13:13:30Z"],["dc.date.issued","2012"],["dc.description.abstract","The aim of this study was to investigate the vegetation dynamics of suboceanic, submontane, mesic beech forests on lime-stone that are very rich in spring geophytes over half a century, considering changes in abiotic and biotic conditions including global climate change. Vegetation relevés sampled in the Göttinger Wald, southern Lower Saxony, Germany, between 1955 and 1960 (n = 25) and in 1968 (n = 10) were re-surveyed in 2009 on quasi-permanent plots. Differences in species composition, species abundance and vegetation structure were compared between inventories using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), multiple response per-mutation procedure (MRPP) and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Forty to fifty years ago, a shrub layer was scarcely present, but is common today as a consequence of intensified hunting. An increasing abundance of Allium ursinum, Urtica dioica and Sambucus ni-gra and a general shift to species composition with higher Ellenberg indicator values for nitrogen can be ascribed to atmospheric nitro-gen deposition. The spring geophytes A. ursinum, Corydalis cava and Leucojum vernum can also benefit from global climate change with an earlier start of the vegetation period. A shift towards more oceanic conditions, with mild winters in the past fifty years, may also have increased the competitive strength of evergreen species that are susceptible to long frost periods (e.g. Hedera helix). The re-sampling of the beech forest vegetation on limestone revealed that many factors have influenced the dynamics over the past half cen-tury. These include eutrophication and a reduction in roe deer browsing, but our results also indicate a possible influence of climate change on community composition. In focussing on a small dataset from a very rich sub-unit of beech forests on limestone, the posi-tive response of the spring geophytes becomes particularly obvious."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.7809/b-e.00059"],["dc.identifier.fs","593912"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/9920"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/91783"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Migrated from goescholar"],["dc.relation.ispartof","Vegetation databases for the 21st century"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Fakultät für Forstwissenschaften und Waldökologie"],["dc.rights.access","openAccess"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.subject","Allium ursinum; Ellenberg indicator value; Hedera helix; species composition change; spring geophyte; vegetation re-sampling"],["dc.title","Vegetation dynamics of beech forests on limestone in central Germany over half a century – effects of climate change, forest management, eutrophication or game browsing?"],["dc.type","book_chapter"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]