Hummers, Eva

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","810"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","6"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Medical Decision Making"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","818"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","28"],["dc.contributor.author","Fischer, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Fischer, Susanne"],["dc.contributor.author","Himmel, Wolfgang"],["dc.contributor.author","Kochen, Michael M."],["dc.contributor.author","Hummers-Pradier, Eva"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:09:39Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:09:39Z"],["dc.date.issued","2008"],["dc.description.abstract","Background. The influence of patient characteristics on family practitioners' (FPs') diagnostic decision making has mainly been investigated using indirect methods such as vignettes or questionnaires. Direct observation-borrowed from social and cultural anthropology-may be an alternative method for describing FPs' real-life behavior and may help in gaining insight into how FPs diagnose respiratory tract infections, which are frequent in primary care. Objective. To clarify FPs' diagnostic processes when treating patients suffering from symptoms of respiratory tract infection. Methods. This direct observation study was performed in 30 family practices using a checklist for patient complaints, history taking, physical examination, and diagnoses. The influence of patients' symptoms and complaints on the FPs' physical examination and diagnosis was calculated by logistic regression analyses. Dummy variables based on combinations of symptoms and complaints were constructed and tested against saturated (full) and backward regression models. Results. In total, 273 patients (median age 37 years, 51% women) were included. The median number of symptoms described was 4 per patient, and most information was provided at the patients' own initiative. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a strong association between patients' complaints and the physical examination. Frequent diagnoses were upper respiratory tract infection (URTI)/common cold (43%), bronchitis (26%), sinusitis (12%), and tonsillitis (11%). There were no significant statistical differences between \"simple heuristic'' models and saturated regression models in the diagnoses of bronchitis, sinusitis, and tonsillitis, indicating that simple heuristics are probably used by the FPs, whereas \"URTI/common cold'' was better explained by the full model. Conclusion. FPs tended to make their diagnosis based on a few patient symptoms and a limited physical examination. Simple heuristic models were almost as powerful in explaining most diagnoses as saturated models. Direct observation allowed for the study of decision making under real conditions, yielding both quantitative data and \"qualitative'' information about the FPs' performance. It is important for investigators to be aware of the specific disadvantages of the method (e. g., a possible observer effect)."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1177/0272989X08315254"],["dc.identifier.isi","000261037800003"],["dc.identifier.pmid","18448702"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/13099"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/53054"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Sage Publications Inc"],["dc.publisher.place","Thousand oaks"],["dc.relation.conference","25th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Medical-Decision-Making"],["dc.relation.eventlocation","Chicago, IL"],["dc.relation.issn","0272-989X"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Institut für Allgemeinmedizin"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.title","Family Practitioners' Diagnostic Decision-Making Processes Regarding Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections: An Observational Study"],["dc.type","conference_paper"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","6"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","BMC Family Practice"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","7"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","6"],["dc.contributor.author","Fischer, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Fischer, Susanne"],["dc.contributor.author","Kochen, Michael M."],["dc.contributor.author","Hummers-Pradier, Eva"],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-09T11:42:40Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-09T11:42:40Z"],["dc.date.issued","2005"],["dc.description.abstract","Background: The high rate of antibiotic prescriptions general practitioners (GPs) make for respiratory tract infections (RTI) are often explained by non-medical reasons e.g. an effort to meet patient expectations. Additionally, it is known that GPs to some extent believe in the necessity of antibiotic treatment in patients with assumed bacterial infections and therefore attempt to distinguish between viral and bacterial infections by history taking and physical examination. The influence of patient complaints and physical examination findings on GPs' prescribing behaviour was mostly investigated by indirect methods such as questionnaires.Methods: Direct, structured observation during a winter \"cough an cold period\" in 30 (single handed) general practices. All 273 patients with symptoms of RTI (age above 14, median 37 years, 51% female) were included. Results: The most frequent diagnoses were 'uncomplicated upper RTI/common cold' (43%) followed by 'bronchitis' (26%). On average, 1.8 (95%-confidence interval (CI): 1.72.0) medicines per patient were prescribed (cough-and-cold preparations in 88% of the patients, antibiotics in 49%). Medical predictors of antibiotic prescribing were pathological findings in physical examination such as coated tonsils (odds ratio (OR) 15.4, 95%-CI: 3.666.2) and unspecific symptoms like fatigue (OR 3.1, 95%-CI 1.46.7), fever (OR 2.2, 95%-CI: 1.14.5) and yellow sputum (OR 2.1, 95%-CI: 1.14.1). Analysed predictors explained 70% of the variance of antibiotic prescribing (R2 = 0,696). Efforts to reduce antibiotic prescribing, e.g. recommendations for self-medication, counselling on home remedies or delayed antibiotic prescribing were rare."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1186/1471-2296-6-6"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?goescholar/1363"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/58719"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Institut für Allgemeinmedizin"],["dc.rights","CC BY 2.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.subject.ddc","610"],["dc.subject.ddc","616"],["dc.subject.ddc","616.2"],["dc.title","Influence of patient symptoms and physical findings on general practitioners' treatment of respiratory tract infections: a direct observation study"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original_ja"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]