Boos, Margarete

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","51"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","58"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","6"],["dc.contributor.author","Conradi, Elisabeth"],["dc.contributor.author","Biller-Andorno, Nikola"],["dc.contributor.author","Boos, Margarete"],["dc.contributor.author","Sommer, Christina"],["dc.contributor.author","Wiesemann, Claudia"],["dc.date.accessioned","2010-04-19T11:58:53Z"],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-10-27T13:11:03Z"],["dc.date.available","2010-04-19T11:58:53Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-10-27T13:11:03Z"],["dc.date.issued","2003"],["dc.description.abstract","Conducting empirical research on gender in medical ethics is a challenge from a theoretical as well as a practical point of view. It still has to be clarified how gender aspects can be integrated without sustaining gender stereotypes. The developmental psychologist Carol Gilligan was among the first to question ethics from a gendered point of view. The notion of care introduced by her challenged conventional developmental psychology as well as moral philosophy. Gilligan was criticised, however, because her concept of ‘two different voices’ may reinforce gender stereotypes. Moreover, although Gilligan stressed relatedness, this is not reflected in her own empirical approach, which still focuses on individual moral reflection. Concepts from social psychology can help overcome both problems. Social categories like gender shape moral identity and moral decisions. If morality is understood as being lived through actions of persons in social relationships, gender becomes a helpful category of moral analysis. Our findings will provide a conceptual basis for the question how empirical research in medical ethics can successfully embrace a gendered perspective."],["dc.format.mimetype","application/pdf"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1023/a:1022514821765"],["dc.identifier.fs","14719"],["dc.identifier.gro","3146753"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?goescholar/4136"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/91554"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Migrated from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.issn","1386-7423"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Fakultät für Biologie und Psychologie"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.subject.ddc","570"],["dc.title","Gender in medical ethics: re-examining the conceptual basis of empirical research."],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.version","submitted_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","10"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Ramon Llull Journal of Applied Ethics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","26"],["dc.contributor.author","Sommer, Christina"],["dc.contributor.author","Boos, Margarete"],["dc.contributor.author","Conradi, Elisabeth"],["dc.contributor.author","Biller-Adorno, Nikola"],["dc.contributor.author","Wiesemann, Claudia"],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-09T11:53:55Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-09T11:53:55Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","objectives: To gather empirical data on how gender and educational level inSuence bioethical reasoning among medical students by analysing their use of care versus justice arguments for reconciling a bioethical dilemma. setting: University Departments of Medical Ethics, Social and Communication Psychology in Germany. Participants: First and R􀓛h year medical students. Design and method: Multidisciplinary, empirical, 2-segment study of ethics in action: In intrapersonal Segment 1, the students were presented with a bioethical dilemma and then administered a 13-item questionnaire to survey their individual preferences for care versus justice arguments in resolving the conSict. The survey questioned 6 justice, 6 care-related items and 1 socially critical item. Data were analysed by gender and year of medical school. In interpersonal Segment 2, the bioethical dilemma from Segment 1 was discussed in gender-mixed and gender-homogeneous groups. Coded transcripts were evaluated to identify prevalences in care versus justice reasoning. Results: Data on 462 medical students were evaluable (n=338 in Segment 1, n=168 in Segment 2, n=44 overlap). Gender and level of education had no eQect on moral reasoning in intrapersonal Segment 1, but signiRcantly aQected reasoning in interpersonal Segment 2, where women signiRcantly tended to use more care-orientated arguments. Justice arguments predominated the group discussions. conclusion: Interpersonal contexts aQect moral reasoning in medical students, probably by amplifying the socialisation relating to gender and educational level. Care orientation is associated with the female gender. Professional socialisation tends to reduce the diversity and richness of moral reasoning towards a more justice-weighted orientation. Medical ethics should teach both justice and care reasoning modes in order to broaden physicians ability to reconcile bioethical dilemmas."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.5167/uzh-49252"],["dc.identifier.fs","585273"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/8242"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/60526"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.title","Care and justice : arguments in the ethical reasoning of medical students"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","5"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","15"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","20"],["dc.contributor.author","Boos, Margarete"],["dc.contributor.author","Grubendorfer, Christina"],["dc.contributor.author","Mey, Dorothea"],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-09T11:39:50Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-09T11:39:50Z"],["dc.date.issued","2013"],["dc.description.abstract","In diesem Beitrag wird diskutiert, inwiefern Hochschulen den Charakter einer Marke gewinnen können. Markenentwicklung wird dabei primär nicht als nach außen gerichtetes Marketinginstrument gesehen, sondern als interne Strategie, in der sich die Hochschule mit ihren Entwicklungsfeldern und Herausforderungen auseinandersetzt und eine Identität entwickelt. Zehn Schritte im Prozess der Markenentwicklung werden skizziert und ein Konzept der Markenpositionierung speziell für Hochschulen vorgestellt."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s11613-013-0307-3"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/10386"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/58048"],["dc.language.iso","de"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.title","Hochschule als Marke"],["dc.title.translated","Universities as brands"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","116"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","BMC Medical Education"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","15"],["dc.contributor.author","Fernandez Castelao, Ezequiel"],["dc.contributor.author","Boos, Margarete"],["dc.contributor.author","Ringer, Christiane"],["dc.contributor.author","Eich, Christoph Bernhard"],["dc.contributor.author","Russo, Sebastian Giuseppe"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:54:30Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:54:30Z"],["dc.date.issued","2015"],["dc.description.abstract","Background: Effective team leadership in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is well recognized as a crucial factor influencing performance. Generally, leadership training focuses on task requirements for leading as well as non-leading team members. We provided crisis resource management (CRM) training only for designated team leaders of advanced life support (ALS) trained teams. This study assessed the impact of the CRM team leader training on CPR performance and team leader verbalization. Methods: Forty-five teams of four members each were randomly assigned to one of two study groups: CRM team leader training (CRM-TL) and additional ALS-training (ALS add-on). After an initial lecture and three ALS skill training tutorials (basic life support, airway management and rhythm recognition/defibrillation) of 90-min each, one member of each team was randomly assigned to act as the team leader in the upcoming CPR simulation. Team leaders of the CRM-TL groups attended a 90-min CRM-TL training. All other participants received an additional 90-min ALS skill training. A simulated CPR scenario was videotaped and analyzed regarding no-flow time (NFT) percentage, adherence to the European Resuscitation Council 2010 ALS algorithm (ADH), and type and rate of team leader verbalizations (TLV). Results: CRM-TL teams showed shorter, albeit statistically insignificant, NFT rates compared to ALS-Add teams (mean difference 1.34 (95 % CI -2.5, 5.2), p = 0.48). ADH scores in the CRM-TL group were significantly higher (difference -6.4 (95 % CI - 10.3, -2.4), p = 0.002). Significantly higher TLV proportions were found for the CRM-TL group: direct orders (difference -1.82 (95 % CI -2.4, -1.2), p < 0.001); undirected orders (difference -1.82 (95 % CI -2.8, -0.9), p < 0.001); planning (difference -0.27 (95 % CI -0.5, -0.05) p = 0.018) and task assignments (difference - 0.09 (95 % CI -0.2, -0.01), p = 0.023). Conclusion: Training only the designated team leaders in CRM improves performance of the entire team, in particular guideline adherence and team leader behavior. Emphasis on training of team leader behavior appears to be beneficial in resuscitation and emergency medical course performance."],["dc.description.sponsorship","Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2015"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1186/s12909-015-0389-z"],["dc.identifier.isi","000359184100001"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/13458"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/36547"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.relation.issn","1472-6920"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],["dc.title","Effect of CRM team leader training on team performance and leadership behavior in simulated cardiac arrest scenarios: a prospective, randomized, controlled study"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","147"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Communication Research"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","177"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","30"],["dc.contributor.author","Cornelius, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Boos, Margarete"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:39:41Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:39:41Z"],["dc.date.issued","2003"],["dc.description.abstract","Ineffective use of text-based synchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC), that is, chats, may affect the quality of communicative exchange compared to effective use and to face-to-face (FtF) communication. Especially in groups making decisions in equivocal judgmental tasks, inappropriate use of the CMC medium often impairs performance. Users need high communication and media competencies to overcome the negative effects brought about by the technology. Without intervention, mutual understanding and satisfaction with the group process are reduced in computer-mediated decision groups. Training that helps participants adapt to the medium should provide them with the needed competencies. The authors found a complex pattern of process and outcome effects with the best performance scores in the FtF condition, performance scores in CMC with training approximating those of the FtF condition, and lowest performance scores in CMC without training."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1177/0093650202250874"],["dc.identifier.isi","000181604200002"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/13088"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/46109"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.relation.issn","0093-6502"],["dc.title","Enhancing mutual understanding in synchronous computer-mediated communication by training - Trade-offs in judgmental tasks"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","405"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Group Processes & Intergroup Relations"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","422"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","6"],["dc.contributor.author","Sassenberg, K."],["dc.contributor.author","Boos, Margarete"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:35:47Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:35:47Z"],["dc.date.issued","2003"],["dc.description.abstract","The current research compared the effect of computer-mediated communication (CMC) and direct communication on attitude change. The social identity model of deindividuation effects (Spears & Lea, 1994) predicts that CMC results in behavior that is more in line with the salient level of self-categorization (compared to non-anonymous communication): in CMC salient social identity should lead to conformity to group norms whereas salient personal identity was expected to result in behavior that fits individual goals. Two experiments showed that when personal identity was salient and when social identity was salient and a category norm was explicitly given, CMC led to the predicted effects, whereas the lack of a social category norm led to lower attitude change in CMC compared to direct communication."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1177/13684302030064006"],["dc.identifier.isi","000187535000006"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/13028"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/45170"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.relation.issn","1368-4302"],["dc.title","Attitude change in computer-mediated communication: Effects of anonymity and category norms"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","e0259963"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","11"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","PLoS One"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","16"],["dc.contributor.author","Ritter, Marie"],["dc.contributor.author","Wang, Meng"],["dc.contributor.author","Pritz, Johannes"],["dc.contributor.author","Menssen, Olaf"],["dc.contributor.author","Boos, Margarete"],["dc.date.accessioned","2022-02-23T13:07:08Z"],["dc.date.available","2022-02-23T13:07:08Z"],["dc.date.issued","2021"],["dc.description.abstract","This study investigates if and under which conditions humans are able to identify and follow the most advantageous leader who will them provide with the most resources. In an iterated economic game with the aim of earning monetary reward, 150 participants were asked to repeatedly choose one out of four leaders. Unbeknownst to participants, the leaders were computer-controlled and programmed to yield different expected payout values that participants had to infer from repeated interaction over 30 rounds. Additionally, participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: single, independent, or cohesion. The conditions were designed to investigate the ideal circumstances that lead to identifying the most advantageous leader: when participants are alone (single condition), in a group that lets individuals sample information about leaders independently (independent condition), or in a group that is rewarded for cohesive behavior (cohesion condition). Our results show that participants are generally able to identify the most advantageous leader. However, participants who were incentivized to act cohesively in a group were more likely to settle on a less advantageous leader. This suggests that cohesion might have a detrimental effect on group decision making. To test the validity of this finding, we explore possible explanations for this pattern, such as the length of exploration and exploitation phases, and present techniques to check for confounding factors in group experiments in order to identify or exclude them as alternative explanations. Finally, we show that the chosen reward structure of the game strongly affects the observed following behavior in the group and possibly occludes other effects. We conclude with a recommendation to carefully choose reward structures and evaluate possible alternative explanations in experimental group research that should further pursue the study of exploration/exploitation phases and the influence of group cohesion on group decision making as promising topics for further research."],["dc.description.sponsorship","Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2022"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1371/journal.pone.0259963"],["dc.identifier.pmid","34784396"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/100355"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.relation.eissn","1932-6203"],["dc.relation.issn","1932-6203"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.title","How collective reward structure impedes group decision making: An experimental study using the HoneyComb paradigm"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original_ja"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","257"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Small Group Research"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","271"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","44"],["dc.contributor.author","Boos, Margarete"],["dc.contributor.author","Schauenburg, Barbara"],["dc.contributor.author","Strack, Micha"],["dc.contributor.author","Belz, Michael"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:23:45Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:23:45Z"],["dc.date.issued","2013"],["dc.description.abstract","Research on information sharing within groups confirms a favoring of shared compared to unshared information. Social validation is considered to be the primary psychological mechanism explaining this group bias (Wittenbaum, Hubbell, & Zuckerman, 1999). Our focus here is on a process-related measurement of the social validation of shared information, as well as the social nonvalidation of unshared information in the discussion protocols of 31 decision-making groups. Results confirmed that mentioning shared information evoked social validations, whereas mentioning unshared information evoked nonvalidations (H1). Contrary to our expectation that social validation would encourage the repetition of shared information and social nonvalidation would discourage the repetition of nonshared information (H2), we found that nonvalidation of information enhanced the probability of repetition. We conclude that the need for social validation found in face-to-face groups can be overcome in a more task-oriented, goal-focused, and depersonalized media-based communication setting such as the one in this study."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1177/1046496413484068"],["dc.identifier.isi","000330314700002"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/12984"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/29656"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.relation.issn","1552-8278"],["dc.relation.issn","1046-4964"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.title","Social Validation of Shared and Nonvalidation of Unshared Information in Group Discussions"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","e1003541"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","PLOS Computational Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","10"],["dc.contributor.author","Boos, Margarete"],["dc.contributor.author","Pritz, Johannes"],["dc.contributor.author","Lange, Simon"],["dc.contributor.author","Belz, Michael"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-08-20T07:23:17Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-08-20T07:23:17Z"],["dc.date.issued","2014"],["dc.description.abstract","How is movement of individuals coordinated as a group? This is a fundamental question of social behaviour, encompassing phenomena such as bird flocking, fish schooling, and the innumerable activities in human groups that require people to synchronise their actions. We have developed an experimental paradigm, the HoneyComb computer-based multi-client game, to empirically investigate human movement coordination and leadership. Using economic games as a model, we set monetary incentives to motivate players on a virtual playfield to reach goals via players' movements. We asked whether (I) humans coordinate their movements when information is limited to an individual group member's observation of adjacent group member motion, (II) whether an informed group minority can lead an uninformed group majority to the minority's goal, and if so, (III) how this minority exerts its influence. We showed that in a human group--on the basis of movement alone--a minority can successfully lead a majority. Minorities lead successfully when (a) their members choose similar initial steps towards their goal field and (b) they are among the first in the whole group to make a move. Using our approach, we empirically demonstrate that the rules of swarming behaviour apply to humans. Even complex human behaviour, such as leadership and directed group movement, follow simple rules that are based on visual perception of local movement."],["dc.description.sponsorship","Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2014"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003541"],["dc.identifier.pmid","24699264"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/10063"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/15398"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.eissn","1553-7358"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],["dc.title","Leadership in Moving Human Groups"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","28"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","10"],["dc.contributor.author","Boos, Margarete"],["dc.contributor.author","Kolbe, Michaela"],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-10T08:13:25Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-10T08:13:25Z"],["dc.date.issued","2009"],["dc.description.abstract","A key feature of group facilitation is motivating and coordinating people to perform their joint work. This paper focuses on group coordination which is a prerequisite to group effectiveness, especially in complex tasks. Decision-making in groups is a complex task that consequently needs to be coordinated by explicit rather than implicit coordination mechanisms. Based on the embedded definition that explicit coordination does not just happen but is purposely executed by individuals, we argue that individual coordination intentions and mechanisms should be taken into account. Thus far, the subjective perspective of coordination has been neglected in coordination theory, which is understandable given the difficulties in defining and measuring subjective aspects of group facilitation. We therefore conducted focused interviews with eight experts who either worked as senior managers or as experienced group facilitators and analysed their approaches to group coordination using methods of content analysis. Results show that these experts possess sophisticated mental representations of their coordination behaviour. These subjective coordination theories can be organised in terms of coordination schemes in which coordination-releasing situations are facilitated by special coordination mechanisms that, in turn, lead to the perception of specific consequences. We discuss the importance of these subjective coordination theories for effectively facilitating group decision-making and minimising process losses."],["dc.identifier.fs","571932"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/5932"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/61238"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.relation.issn","1438-5627"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Fakultät für Biologie und Psychologie"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.subject.ddc","570"],["dc.title","Facilitating Group Decision-Making: Facilitator's Subjective Theories on Group Coordination."],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]