Gevensleben, Holger

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","990"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Frontiers in human neuroscience"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","8"],["dc.contributor.author","Gevensleben, Holger"],["dc.contributor.author","Albrecht, Björn"],["dc.contributor.author","Lütcke, Henry"],["dc.contributor.author","Auer, Tibor"],["dc.contributor.author","Dewiputri, Wan Ilma"],["dc.contributor.author","Schweizer, Renate"],["dc.contributor.author","Moll, Gunther"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Hartmut"],["dc.contributor.author","Rothenberger, Aribert"],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-09T11:40:54Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-09T11:40:54Z"],["dc.date.issued","2014"],["dc.description.abstract","To elucidate basic mechanisms underlying neurofeedback we investigated neural mechanisms of training of slow cortical potentials (SCPs) by considering EEG- and fMRI. Additionally, we analyzed the feasibility of a double-blind, placebo-controlled design in NF research based on regulation performance during treatment sessions and self-assessment of the participants. Twenty healthy adults participated in 16 sessions of SCPs training: 9 participants received regular SCP training, 11 participants received sham feedback. At three time points (pre, intermediate, post) fMRI and EEG/ERP-measurements were conducted during a continuous performance test (CPT). Performance-data during the sessions (regulation performance) in the treatment group and the placebo group were analyzed. Analysis of EEG-activity revealed in the SCP group a strong enhancement of the CNV (electrode Cz) at the intermediate assessment, followed by a decrease back to baseline at the post-treatment assessment. In contrast, in the placebo group a continuous but smaller increase of the CNV could be obtained from pre to post assessment. The increase of the CNV in the SCP group at intermediate testing was superior to the enhancement in the placebo group. The changes of the CNV were accompanied by a continuous improvement in the test performance of the CPT from pre to intermediate to post assessment comparable in both groups. The change of the CNV in the SCP group is interpreted as an indicator of neural plasticity and efficiency while an increase of the CNV in the placebo group might reflect learning and improved timing due to the frequent task repetition. In the fMRI analysis evidence was obtained for neuronal plasticity. After regular SCP neurofeedback activation in the posterior parietal cortex decreased from the pre- to the intermediate measurement and increased again in the post measurement, inversely following the U-shaped increase and decrease of the tCNV EEG amplitude in the SCP-trained group. Furthermore, we found a localized increase of activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Analyses of the estimation of treatment assignment by the participants indicate feasibility of blinding. Participants could not assess treatment assignment confidently. Participants of the SCP-group improved regulation capability during treatment sessions (in contrast to the participants of the placebo-group), although regulation capability appeared to be instable, presumably due to diminished confidence in the training (SCP- or sham-training). Our results indicate that SCP training in healthy adults might lead to functional changes in neuronal circuits serving cognitive preparation even after a limited number of sessions."],["dc.format.extent","13"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.3389/fnhum.2014.00990"],["dc.identifier.fs","607730"],["dc.identifier.pmid","25566020"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/11462"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/58291"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.relation.issn","1662-5161"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],["dc.title","Neurofeedback of slow cortical potentials: neural mechanisms and feasibility of a placebo-controlled design in healthy adults."],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","149"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","International Journal of Psychophysiology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","157"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","74"],["dc.contributor.author","Gevensleben, Holger"],["dc.contributor.author","Holl, Birgit"],["dc.contributor.author","Albrecht, Bjoern"],["dc.contributor.author","Schlamp, Dieter"],["dc.contributor.author","Kratz, Oliver"],["dc.contributor.author","Studer, Petra"],["dc.contributor.author","Wangler, Susanne"],["dc.contributor.author","Rothenberger, Aribert"],["dc.contributor.author","Moll, Gunther H."],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Hartmut"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:22:46Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:22:46Z"],["dc.date.issued","2009"],["dc.description.abstract","In a randomized controlled trial, neurofeedback (NF) training was found to be superior to a computerised attention skills training concerning the reduction of ADHD symptomatology (Gevensleben et al., 2009). The aims of this investigation were to assess the impact of different NF protocols (theta/beta training and training of slow cortical potentials, SCPs) on the resting EEG and the association between distinct EEG measures and behavioral improvements. In 72 (of initially 102) children with ADHD, aged 8-12, EEG changes after either a NF training (n = 46) or the control training (n = 26) could be studied. The combined NF training consisted of one block of theta/beta training and one block of SCP training, each block comprising 18 units of 50 minutes (balanced order). Spontaneous EEG was recorded in a two-minute resting condition before the start of the training, between the two training blocks and after the end of the training. Activity in the different EEG frequency bands was analyzed. In contrast to the control condition, the combined NF training was accompanied by a reduction of theta activity. Protocol-specific EEG changes (theta/beta training: decrease of posterior-midline theta activity; SCP training: increase of central-midline alpha activity) were associated with improvements in the German ADHD rating scale. Related EEG-based predictors were obtained. Thus, differential EEG patterns for theta/beta and SCP training provide further evidence that distinct neuronal mechanisms may contribute to similar behavioral improvements in children with ADHD. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved."],["dc.description.sponsorship","German Research Foundation [HE 4536/2, MO 726/2, RO 698/4]"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.08.005"],["dc.identifier.isi","000271783100010"],["dc.identifier.pmid","19712709"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/56049"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Science Bv"],["dc.relation.issn","0167-8760"],["dc.title","Distinct EEG effects related to neurofeedback training in children with ADHD: A randomized controlled trial"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","447"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","460"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","12"],["dc.contributor.author","Gevensleben, Holger"],["dc.contributor.author","Rothenberger, Aribert"],["dc.contributor.author","Moll, Gunther H."],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Hartmut"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:11:34Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:11:34Z"],["dc.date.issued","2012"],["dc.description.abstract","Neurofeedback (NF), a type of neurobehavioral training, has gained increasing attention in recent years, especially concerning the treatment of children with ADHD. Promising results have emerged from recent randomized controlled studies, and thus, NF is on its way to becoming a valuable addition to the multimodal treatment of ADHD. In this review, we summarize the randomized controlled trials in children with ADHD that have been published within the last 5 years and discuss issues such as the efficacy and specificity of effects, treatment fidelity and problems inherent in placebo-controlled trials of NF. Directions for future NF research are outlined, which should further address specificity and help to determine moderators and mediators to optimize and individualize NF training. Furthermore, we describe methodological (tomographic NF) and technical ('tele-NF') developments that may also contribute to further improvements in treatment outcome."],["dc.description.sponsorship","German Research Foundation [HE 4536/2, MO 726/2, RO 698/4]"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1586/ERN.12.22"],["dc.identifier.isi","000302982600013"],["dc.identifier.pmid","22449216"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/26752"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Expert Reviews"],["dc.relation.issn","1473-7175"],["dc.title","Neurofeedback in children with ADHD: validation and challenges"],["dc.type","review"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","780"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","7"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","789"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","50"],["dc.contributor.author","Gevensleben, Holger"],["dc.contributor.author","Holl, Birgit"],["dc.contributor.author","Albrecht, Bjoern"],["dc.contributor.author","Vogel, Claudia"],["dc.contributor.author","Schlamp, Dieter"],["dc.contributor.author","Kratz, Oliver"],["dc.contributor.author","Studer, Petra"],["dc.contributor.author","Rothenberger, Aribert"],["dc.contributor.author","Moll, Gunther H."],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Hartmut"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:28:14Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:28:14Z"],["dc.date.issued","2009"],["dc.description.abstract","Background: For children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a reduction of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity by neurofeedback (NF) has been reported in several studies. But so far, unspecific training effects have not been adequately controlled for and/or studies do not provide sufficient statistical power. To overcome these methodological shortcomings we evaluated the clinical efficacy of neurofeedback in children with ADHD in a multisite randomised controlled study using a computerised attention skills training as a control condition. Methods: 102 children with ADHD, aged 8 to 12 years, participated in the study. Children performed either 36 sessions of NF training or a computerised attention skills training within two blocks of about four weeks each (randomised group assignment). The combined NF treatment consisted of one block of theta/beta training and one block of slow cortical potential (SCP) training. Pre-training, intermediate and post-training assessment encompassed several behaviour rating scales (e. g., the German ADHD rating scale, FBB-HKS) completed by parents and teachers. Evaluation ('placebo') scales were applied to control for parental expectations and satisfaction with the treatment. Results: For parent and teacher ratings, improvements in the NF group were superior to those of the control group. For the parent-rated FBB-HKS total score (primary outcome measure), the effect size was .60. Comparable effects were obtained for the two NF protocols (theta/beta training, SCP training). Parental attitude towards the treatment did not differ between NF and control group. Conclusions: Superiority of the combined NF training indicates clinical efficacy of NF in children with ADHD. Future studies should further address the specificity of effects and how to optimise the benefit of NF as treatment module for ADHD."],["dc.description.sponsorship","German Research Foundation [HE 4536/2, MO 726/2, RO 698/4]"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02033.x"],["dc.identifier.isi","000266980600003"],["dc.identifier.pmid","19207632"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/6334"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/16374"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Wiley-blackwell"],["dc.relation.issn","0021-9630"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.title","Is neurofeedback an efficacious treatment for ADHD? A randomised controlled clinical trial"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","20"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Brain Topography"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","32"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","27"],["dc.contributor.author","Gevensleben, Holger"],["dc.contributor.author","Kleemeyer, Maike"],["dc.contributor.author","Rothenberger, Lillian Geza"],["dc.contributor.author","Studer, Petra"],["dc.contributor.author","Flaig-Roehr, Andrea"],["dc.contributor.author","Moll, Gunther H."],["dc.contributor.author","Rothenberger, Aribert"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Hartmut"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:47:03Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:47:03Z"],["dc.date.issued","2014"],["dc.description.abstract","Among the different neuromodulation techniques, neurofeedback (NF) is gaining increasing interest in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this article, a methodological framework is summarised considering the training as a neuro-behavioural treatment. Randomised controlled trials are selectively reviewed. Results from two smaller-scale studies are presented with the first study comprising a tomographic analysis over the course of a slow cortical potential (SCP) training and a correlational analysis of regulation skills and clinical outcome in children with ADHD. In the second study, ADHD-related behaviour was studied in children with tic disorder who either conducted a SCP training or a theta/low-beta (12-15 Hz) training (single-blind, randomised design). Both studies provide further evidence for the specificity of NF effects in ADHD. Based on these findings, a refined model of the mechanisms contributing to the efficacy of SCP training is developed. Despite a number of open questions concerning core mechanisms, moderators and mediators, NF (theta/beta and SCP) training seems to be on its way to become a valuable and ethically acceptable module in the treatment of children with ADHD."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s10548-013-0285-y"],["dc.identifier.isi","000329226500004"],["dc.identifier.pmid","23563906"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/35021"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Springer"],["dc.relation.issn","1573-6792"],["dc.relation.issn","0896-0267"],["dc.title","Neurofeedback in ADHD: Further Pieces of the Puzzle"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","666"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","8"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","PRAXIS DER KINDERPSYCHOLOGIE UND KINDERPSYCHIATRIE"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","676"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","60"],["dc.contributor.author","Gevensleben, Holger"],["dc.contributor.author","Moll, Gunther H."],["dc.contributor.author","Rothenberger, Aribert"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Hartmut"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:01:58Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:01:58Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","The Usage of Neurofeedback in Children with ADHD: The Method and its Evaluation Neurofeedback is a computer-based behavior training, which is gaining increasing interest in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This article gives an introduction to neurofeedback and summarizes the state of research, discussing inter alia methodical aspects (e. g., requirements to a control training). Evaluation studies conducted so far indicate clinical efficacy. For example, neurofeedback training was superior to a computerized attention training in a randomized controlled trial (medium effect size). Follow-up investigations suggest that treatment effects remain stable (at least six months). At the clinical level, comparable improvements could be obtained for the neurofeedback protocols theta/beta training and training of slow cortical potentials. Neurophysiological findings document different mechanisms of theta/beta training and slow cortical potential training. Future studies should further elucidate the specificity of training effects related to the kind of training and certain disorders and address how to optimize and individualize neurofeedback training."],["dc.identifier.isi","000297770700006"],["dc.identifier.pmid","22145423"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/24564"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht"],["dc.relation.issn","0032-7034"],["dc.title","The Usage of Neurofeedback in Children with ADHD: The Method and its Evaluation"],["dc.type","review"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","942"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","5"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Clinical Neurophysiology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","950"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","122"],["dc.contributor.author","Wangler, Susanne"],["dc.contributor.author","Gevensleben, Holger"],["dc.contributor.author","Albrecht, Bjoern"],["dc.contributor.author","Studer, Petra"],["dc.contributor.author","Rothenberger, Aribert"],["dc.contributor.author","Moll, Gunther H."],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Hartmut"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:56:36Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:56:36Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","Objective: In a randomized controlled trial, we could demonstrate clinical efficacy of neurofeedback (NF) training for children with ADHD (Gevensleben et al., 2009a). The present investigation aimed at learning more about the neuronal mechanisms of NF training. Methods: Children with ADHD either completed a NF training or a computerized attention skills training (ratio 3: 2). NF training consisted of one block of theta/beta training and one block of slow cortical potential (SCP) training, each comprising 18 training units. At three times (pre-training, between the two training blocks and at post-training), event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded during the Attention Network Test. ERP analysis focused on the P3, reflecting inter alia attentional resources for stimulus evaluation, and the contingent negative variation (CNV), primarily related to cognitive preparation. Results: After NF training, an increase of the CNV in cue trials could be observed, which was specific for the SCP training. A larger pre-training CNV was associated with a larger reduction of ADHD symptomatology for SCP training. Conclusions: CNV effects reflect neuronal circuits underlying resource allocation during cognitive preparation. These distinct ERP effects are closely related to a successful NF training in children with ADHD. In future studies, neurophysiological recordings could help to optimize and individualize NF training. Significance: The findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying NF training in children with ADHD. (C) 2010 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.clinph.2010.06.036"],["dc.identifier.isi","000290098700014"],["dc.identifier.pmid","20843737"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/23188"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Ireland Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","1388-2457"],["dc.title","Neurofeedback in children with ADHD: Specific event-related potential findings of a randomized controlled trial"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","846"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","8"],["dc.contributor.author","Gevensleben, Holger"],["dc.contributor.author","Moll, Gunther H."],["dc.contributor.author","Rothenberger, Aribert"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Hartmut"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:33:29Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:33:29Z"],["dc.date.issued","2014"],["dc.description.abstract","In children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), different neurofeedback (NF) protocols have been applied, with the most prominent differentiation between EEG frequency-band (e.g., theta/beta) training and training of slow cortical potentials (SCPs). However, beyond distinctions between such basic NF variables, there are also competing assumptions about mechanisms of action (e.g., acquisition of regulation capability, generalization to daily life behavior). In the present article, we provide a framework for NF models and suppose two hypothetical models, which we call \"conditioning-and-repairing model\" and \"skill-acquisition model,\" reflecting extreme poles within this framework. We argue that the underlying model has an impact not only on how NF is applied but also on the selection of evaluation strategies and suggest using evaluation strategies beyond beaten paths of pharmacological research. Reflecting available studies, we address to what extent different views are supported by empirical data. We hypothesize that different models may hold true depending on the processes and behaviors to be addressed by a certain NF protocol. For example, the skill-acquisition model is supported by recent findings as an adequate explanatory framework for the mechanisms of action of SCP training in ADHD. In conclusion, evaluation and interpretation of NF trials in ADHD should be based on the underlying model and the way training is applied, which, in turn, should be stated explicitly in study reports."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.3389/fnhum.2014.00846"],["dc.identifier.isi","000343404300001"],["dc.identifier.pmid","25374528"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/11698"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/31971"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Frontiers Research Foundation"],["dc.relation.issn","1662-5161"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],["dc.title","Neurofeedback in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - different models, different ways of application"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","258"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Psychological Medicine"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","263"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","50"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Hartmut"],["dc.contributor.author","Gevensleben, Holger"],["dc.contributor.author","Becker, Andreas"],["dc.contributor.author","Rothenberger, Aribert"],["dc.date.accessioned","2020-12-10T15:22:17Z"],["dc.date.available","2020-12-10T15:22:17Z"],["dc.date.issued","2019"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1017/S0033291718004130"],["dc.identifier.eissn","1469-8978"],["dc.identifier.issn","0033-2917"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/73336"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-354"],["dc.title","Effects of neurofeedback on the dysregulation profile in children with ADHD: SCP NF meets SDQ-DP – a retrospective analysis"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","16"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","48"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Hartmut"],["dc.contributor.author","Gevensleben, Holger"],["dc.contributor.author","Strehl, Ute"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:06:49Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:06:49Z"],["dc.date.issued","2007"],["dc.description.abstract","Background: Neurofeedback (NF) is a form of behavioural training aimed at developing skills for self-regulation of brain activity. Within the past decade, several NF studies have been published that tend to overcome the methodological shortcomings of earlier studies. This annotation describes the methodical basis of NF and reviews the evidence base for its clinical efficacy and effectiveness in neuropsychiatric disorders. Methods: In NF training, self-regulation of specific aspects of electrical brain activity is acquired by means of immediate feedback and positive reinforcement. In frequency training, activity in different EEG frequency bands has to be decreased or increased. Training of slow cortical potentials (SCPs) addresses the regulation of cortical excitability. Results: NF studies revealed paradigm-specific effects on, e.g., attention and memory processes and performance improvements in real-life conditions, in healthy subjects as well as in patients. In several studies it was shown that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) improved behavioural and cognitive variables after frequency (e.g., theta/beta) training or SCP training. Neurophysiological effects could also be measured. However, specific and unspecific training effects could not be disentangled in these studies. For drug-resistant patients with epilepsy, significant and long-lasting decreases of seizure frequency and intensity through SCP training were documented in a series of studies. For other child psychiatric disorders (e.g., tic disorders, anxiety, and autism) only preliminary investigations are available.Conclusions. There is growing evidence for NF as a valuable treatment module in neuropsychiatric disorders. Further, controlled studies are necessary to establish clinical efficacy and effectiveness and to learn more about the mechanisms underlying successful training."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01665.x"],["dc.identifier.isi","000243635200002"],["dc.identifier.pmid","17244266"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/52408"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Blackwell Publishing"],["dc.relation.issn","0021-9630"],["dc.title","Annotation: Neurofeedback - train your brain to train behaviour"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]