Mayrhofer, Ralf

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","54"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Cognitive Psychology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","84"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","96"],["dc.contributor.author","Meder, Björn"],["dc.contributor.author","Mayrhofer, Ralf"],["dc.date.accessioned","2020-12-10T14:23:11Z"],["dc.date.available","2020-12-10T14:23:11Z"],["dc.date.issued","2017"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.cogpsych.2017.05.002"],["dc.identifier.issn","0010-0285"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/71868"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-354"],["dc.title","Diagnostic causal reasoning with verbal information"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","258"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Topics in Cognitive Science"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","281"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","14"],["dc.contributor.affiliation","Mayrhofer, Ralf; 3\r\nDepartment of Psychology\r\nUniversity of Göttingen"],["dc.contributor.affiliation","Ruggeri, Azzurra; 2\r\nMPRG iSearch\r\nMax Planck Institute for Human Development"],["dc.contributor.author","Meder, Björn"],["dc.contributor.author","Mayrhofer, Ralf"],["dc.contributor.author","Ruggeri, Azzurra"],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-08-12T07:45:26Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-08-12T07:45:26Z"],["dc.date.issued","2021"],["dc.date.updated","2022-06-14T21:11:25Z"],["dc.description.abstract","Abstract Dealing with uncertainty and different degrees of frequency and probability is critical in many everyday activities. However, relevant information does not always come in the form of numerical estimates or direct experiences, but is instead obtained through qualitative, rather vague verbal terms (e.g., “the virus often causes coughing” or “the train is likely to be delayed”). Investigating how people interpret and utilize different natural language expressions of frequency and probability is therefore crucial to understand reasoning and behavior in real‐world situations. While there is considerable work exploring how adults understand everyday uncertainty phrases, very little is known about how children interpret them and how their understanding develops with age. We take a developmental and computational perspective to address this issue and examine how 4‐ to 14‐year‐old children and adults interpret different terms. Each participant provided numerical estimates for 14 expressions, comprising both frequency and probability phrases. In total we obtained 2856 quantitative judgments, including 2240 judgments from children. Our findings demonstrate that adult‐like intuitions about the interpretation of everyday uncertainty terms emerge fairly early in development, with the quantitative estimates of children converging to those of adults from around 9 years on. We also demonstrate how the vagueness of verbal terms can be represented through probability distributions, which provides additional leverage for tracking developmental shifts through cognitive modeling techniques. Taken together, our findings provide key insights into the developmental trajectories underlying the understanding of everyday uncertainty terms, and open up novel methodological pathways to formally model the vagueness of probability and frequency phrases, which are abundant in our everyday life and activities."],["dc.description.abstract","Taking a computational and developmental perspective, the authors trace a developmental trajectory in the understanding of natural language expressions of frequency and probability in 4‐ to 14‐year‐old children and adults. They find that the quantitative estimates of children converge to those of adults from around 9 years on."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/tops.12564"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/88467"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-448"],["dc.relation.eissn","1756-8765"],["dc.relation.issn","1756-8757"],["dc.rights","This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes."],["dc.title","Developmental Trajectories in the Understanding of Everyday Uncertainty Terms"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]