Schülke, Oliver

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","235"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","BMC Evolutionary Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","11"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","13"],["dc.contributor.author","Franz, Mathias"],["dc.contributor.author","Schülke, Oliver"],["dc.contributor.author","Ostner, Julia"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:54:43Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:54:43Z"],["dc.date.issued","2013"],["dc.description.abstract","BackgroundIt is often assumed that evolution takes place on very large timescales. Countering this assumption, rapid evolutionary dynamics are increasingly documented in biological systems, e.g. in the context of predator–prey interactions, species coexistence and invasion. It has also been shown that rapid evolution can facilitate the evolution of cooperation. In this context often evolutionary dynamics influence population dynamics, but in spatial models rapid evolutionary dynamics also emerge with constant population sizes. Currently it is not clear how well these spatial models apply to species in which individuals are not embedded in fixed spatial structures. To address this issue we employ an agent-based model of group living individuals. We investigate how positive assortment between cooperators and defectors and pay-off differences between cooperators and defectors depend on the occurrence of evolutionary dynamics.ResultsWe find that positive assortment and pay-off differences between cooperators and defectors differ when comparing scenarios with and without selection, which indicates that rapid evolutionary dynamics are occurring in the selection scenarios. Specifically, rapid evolution occurs because changes in positive assortment feed back on evolutionary dynamics, which crucially impacts the evolution of cooperation. At high frequencies of cooperators these feedback dynamics increase positive assortment facilitating the evolution of cooperation. In contrast, at low frequencies of cooperators rapid evolutionary dynamics lead to a decrease in assortment, which acts against the evolution of cooperation. The contrasting dynamics at low and high frequencies of cooperators create positive frequency-dependent selection.ConclusionsRapid evolutionary dynamics can influence the evolution of cooperation in group-living species and lead to positive frequency-dependent selection even if population size and maximum group-size are not affected by evolutionary dynamics. Rapid evolutionary dynamics can emerge in this case because sufficiently strong selective pressures allow evolutionary and demographic dynamics, and consequently also feedback between assortment and evolution, to occur on the same timescale. In particular, emerging positive frequency-dependent selection could be an important explanation for differences in cooperative behaviors among different species with similar population structures such as humans and chimpanzees."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1186/1471-2148-13-235"],["dc.identifier.gro","3151485"],["dc.identifier.pmid","24168033"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/8291"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","1471-2148"],["dc.rights","CC BY 2.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"],["dc.title","Rapid evolution of cooperation in group-living animals"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","323"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","BMC Evolutionary Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","11"],["dc.contributor.author","Franz, Mathias"],["dc.contributor.author","van der Post, Daniel"],["dc.contributor.author","Schülke, Oliver"],["dc.contributor.author","Ostner, Julia"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:54:46Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:54:46Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","BackgroundA fundamental assumption in animal socio-ecology is that animals compete over limited resources. This view has been challenged by the finding that individuals might cooperatively partition resources by \"taking turns\". Turn-taking occurs when two individuals coordinate their agonistic behaviour in a way that leads to an alternating pattern in who obtains a resource without engaging in costly fights. Cooperative turn-taking has been largely ignored in models of animal conflict and socio-ecological models that explain the evolution of social behaviours based only on contest and scramble competition. Currently it is unclear whether turn-taking should be included in socio-ecological models because the evolution of turn-taking is not well understood. In particular, it is unknown whether turn-taking can evolve when fighting costs and assessment of fighting abilities are not fixed but emerge from evolved within-fight behaviour. We address this problem with an evolutionary agent-based model.ResultsWe found that turn-taking evolves for small resource values, alongside a contest strategy that leads to stable dominance relationships. Turn-taking leads to egalitarian societies with unclear dominance relationships and non-linear dominance hierarchies. Evolutionary stability of turn-taking emerged despite strength differences among individuals and the possibility to evolve within-fight behaviour that allows good assessment of fighting abilities. Evolutionary stability emerged from frequency-dependent effects on fitness, which are modulated by feedbacks between the evolution of within-fight behaviour and the evolution of higher-level conflict strategies.ConclusionsOur results reveal the impact of feedbacks between the evolution of within-fight behaviour and the evolution of higher-level conflict strategies, such as turn-taking. Similar feedbacks might be important for the evolution of other conflict strategies such as winner-loser effects or coalitions. However, we are not aware of any study that investigated such feedbacks. Furthermore, our model suggests that turn-taking could be used by animals to partition low value resources, but to our knowledge this has never been tested. The existence of turn-taking might have been overlooked because it leads to societies with similar characteristics that have been expected to emerge from scramble competition. Analyses of temporal interaction patterns could be used to test whether turn-taking occurs in animals."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1186/1471-2148-11-323"],["dc.identifier.gro","3151491"],["dc.identifier.pmid","22054254"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/7042"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/8298"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","1471-2148"],["dc.rights","CC BY 2.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"],["dc.title","The evolution of cooperative turn-taking in animal conflict"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","23"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Primate Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","31"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","3"],["dc.contributor.author","Seltmann, Anne"],["dc.contributor.author","Franz, Mathias"],["dc.contributor.author","Majolo, Bonaventura"],["dc.contributor.author","Qarro, Mohamed"],["dc.contributor.author","Ostner, Julia"],["dc.contributor.author","Schülke, Oliver"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:54:33Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:54:33Z"],["dc.date.issued","2016"],["dc.description.abstract","For group-living animals it is essential to maintain the cohesiveness of the group when traveling. Individuals have to make an accurate decision about where and when to move. Communication before and during the departure of the first individual may play a crucial role in synchronizing a collective movement. We hypothesized that individuals in a wild primate group use signals or cues prior to and after departure to achieve collective movements. With two observers we used all-occurrences behavior sampling of collective movements in a group of wild Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) in the Middle Atlas, Morocco. The number of individuals displaying pre-departure behavior predicted the success of an initiation of a collective movement. Pauses of the first departing individual after departure enhanced following behavior and might have served as recruitment signal. However, the opposite was the case for back-glancing, which functions as a monitoring signal in other species. Because in our study frequently back-glancing individuals were also less socially integrated, back glances may better be interpreted as indicators of hesitation and insecurity. To successfully initiate a collective movement, it seemed to be sufficient for a socially integrated group member to take action when other group members signal their willingness prior to departure and to occasionally wait for the group while moving."],["dc.description.sponsorship","Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2016"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.5194/pb-3-23-2016"],["dc.identifier.fs","623444"],["dc.identifier.gro","3151443"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/14097"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/8245"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","2363-4715"],["dc.rights","CC BY 3.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0"],["dc.title","Recruitment and monitoring behaviors by leaders predict following in wild Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus)"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]