Schülke, Oliver

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","235"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","BMC Evolutionary Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","11"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","13"],["dc.contributor.author","Franz, Mathias"],["dc.contributor.author","Schülke, Oliver"],["dc.contributor.author","Ostner, Julia"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:54:43Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:54:43Z"],["dc.date.issued","2013"],["dc.description.abstract","BackgroundIt is often assumed that evolution takes place on very large timescales. Countering this assumption, rapid evolutionary dynamics are increasingly documented in biological systems, e.g. in the context of predator–prey interactions, species coexistence and invasion. It has also been shown that rapid evolution can facilitate the evolution of cooperation. In this context often evolutionary dynamics influence population dynamics, but in spatial models rapid evolutionary dynamics also emerge with constant population sizes. Currently it is not clear how well these spatial models apply to species in which individuals are not embedded in fixed spatial structures. To address this issue we employ an agent-based model of group living individuals. We investigate how positive assortment between cooperators and defectors and pay-off differences between cooperators and defectors depend on the occurrence of evolutionary dynamics.ResultsWe find that positive assortment and pay-off differences between cooperators and defectors differ when comparing scenarios with and without selection, which indicates that rapid evolutionary dynamics are occurring in the selection scenarios. Specifically, rapid evolution occurs because changes in positive assortment feed back on evolutionary dynamics, which crucially impacts the evolution of cooperation. At high frequencies of cooperators these feedback dynamics increase positive assortment facilitating the evolution of cooperation. In contrast, at low frequencies of cooperators rapid evolutionary dynamics lead to a decrease in assortment, which acts against the evolution of cooperation. The contrasting dynamics at low and high frequencies of cooperators create positive frequency-dependent selection.ConclusionsRapid evolutionary dynamics can influence the evolution of cooperation in group-living species and lead to positive frequency-dependent selection even if population size and maximum group-size are not affected by evolutionary dynamics. Rapid evolutionary dynamics can emerge in this case because sufficiently strong selective pressures allow evolutionary and demographic dynamics, and consequently also feedback between assortment and evolution, to occur on the same timescale. In particular, emerging positive frequency-dependent selection could be an important explanation for differences in cooperative behaviors among different species with similar population structures such as humans and chimpanzees."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1186/1471-2148-13-235"],["dc.identifier.gro","3151485"],["dc.identifier.pmid","24168033"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/8291"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","1471-2148"],["dc.rights","CC BY 2.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"],["dc.title","Rapid evolution of cooperation in group-living animals"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","20161304"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1839"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","9"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","283"],["dc.contributor.author","Berghänel, Andreas"],["dc.contributor.author","Heistermann, Michael"],["dc.contributor.author","Schülke, Oliver"],["dc.contributor.author","Ostner, Julia"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:54:44Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:54:44Z"],["dc.date.issued","2016"],["dc.description.abstract","Prenatal maternal stress affects offspring phenotype in numerous species including humans, but it is debated whether these effects are evolutionarily adaptive. Relating stress to adverse conditions, current explanations invoke either short-term developmental constraints on offspring phenotype resulting in decelerated growth to avoid starvation, or long-term predictive adaptive responses (PARs) resulting in accelerated growth and reproduction in response to reduced life expectancies. Two PAR subtypes were proposed, acting either on predicted internal somatic states or predicted external environmental conditions, but because both affect phenotypes similarly, they are largely indistinguishable. Only external (not internal) PARs rely on high environmental stability particularly in long-lived species. We report on a crucial test case in a wild long-lived mammal, the Assamese macaque (Macaca assamensis), which evolved and lives in an unpredictable environment where external PARs are probably not advantageous. We quantified food availability, growth, motor skills, maternal caretaking style and maternal physiological stress from faecal glucocorticoid measures. Prenatal maternal stress was negatively correlated to prenatal food availability and led to accelerated offspring growth accompanied by decelerated motor skill acquisition and reduced immune function. These results support the ‘internal PAR’ theory, which stresses the role of stable adverse internal somatic states rather than stable external environments."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1098/rspb.2016.1304"],["dc.identifier.fs","622729"],["dc.identifier.gro","3151496"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/14299"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/8301"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","0962-8452"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],["dc.title","Prenatal stress effects in a wild, long-lived primate: predictive adaptive responses in an unpredictable environment"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","13"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Animal Behaviour"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","22"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","113"],["dc.contributor.author","Kalbitz, Josefine"],["dc.contributor.author","Ostner, Julia"],["dc.contributor.author","Schülke, Oliver"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:54:39Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:54:39Z"],["dc.date.issued","2016"],["dc.description.abstract","In multimale multifemale primate groups, the strength and stability of affiliative relationships have been shown to affect an individual's long-term fitness such as offspring survival and longevity. Studies investigating the fitness benefits of close social relationships and the underlying mechanisms have mainly focused on the philopatric sex. The strong relationships of philopatric chimpanzee males and baboon females share important characteristics with human friendships in that increased strength of affiliative relationships is associated with increased equitability in service exchanges and relationship stability. So far, it has remained unclear whether the strong relationships of dispersing males share these characteristics as well and can thus be labelled as social bonds. Here we provide results on the variation in affiliative relationship strength and its relation to equitability and relationship stability from two wild groups of male Assamese macaques, Macaca assamensis, at Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand collected over 2 and 7 years, respectively. Our analyses of almost 9000 h of focal animal data show that males formed differentiated affiliative relationships and that the strength of a relationship affected how likely males returned a grooming service within a single bout and how equally males were responsible for the maintenance of close proximity. Partner stability among the three strongest relationships was higher than among weaker relationships which suggests that top partners were not retained simply because of a lack of alternatives. Together, these results suggest that dispersing male Assamese macaques form differentiated affiliative relationships that increase in equitability and stability with increasing relationship strength. This is the first study showing long-term partner stability in males as the dispersing sex. Our results thus add to the growing body of literature indicating that nonhuman animals form close social relationships similar to human friendships."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.11.005"],["dc.identifier.fs","621112"],["dc.identifier.gro","3151472"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/13816"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/8277"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","0003-3472"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],["dc.title","Strong, equitable and long-term social bonds in the dispersing sex in Assamese macaques"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","e23105"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","8"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","PLoS ONE"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","6"],["dc.contributor.author","Fürtbauer, Ines"],["dc.contributor.author","Heistermann, Michael"],["dc.contributor.author","Schülke, Oliver"],["dc.contributor.author","Ostner, Julia"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:54:37Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:54:37Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","In numerous primates living in mixed-sex groups, females display probabilistic cues of fertility to simultaneously concentrate paternity to dominant males while diluting it amongst others as a means to reduce the risk of infanticide and to increase male care for offspring. A few species, however, lack these cues and potentially conceal fertility from males; yet, to date, little is known about mating patterns and their underlying proximate mechanisms in such species. Here, we investigated mating activity and sexual consortships relative to female reproductive state in wild Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis), a species where females lack prominent anogenital swellings and copulation calls. During two mating seasons (2837 contact hours) we recorded sexual and social behaviors, sexual consortships, and collected 1178 fecal samples (n = 15 females) which were analyzed for progestogen concentrations to assess female reproductive state and to determine the timing of ovulation and conception. Although mostly conceiving in their first ovarian cycle, females were sexually receptive throughout the entire 4-month mating season, and within-cycle mating frequencies were not increased during fertile phases. Dominant males did not monopolize fertile matings, and consortships by high-ranking males lasted for long periods, which were not exclusively linked to female fertile phases. Furthermore, females copulated promiscuously but not randomly, i.e. for almost every female, matings were concentrated to a certain male, irrespective of male rank. Collectively, we demonstrate that fertility is undisclosed to males. The extreme extended female sexuality facilitated by concealed fertility may allow females to create differentiated mating relationships within a promiscuous mating system. Our study provides important new insight into the plasticity of female sexuality in non-human primates."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1371/journal.pone.0023105"],["dc.identifier.gro","3151464"],["dc.identifier.pmid","21853074"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/8336"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/8268"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","1932-6203"],["dc.rights","CC BY 2.5"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5"],["dc.title","Concealed Fertility and Extended Female Sexuality in a Non-Human Primate (Macaca assamensis)"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","501"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","International Journal of Primatology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","517"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","31"],["dc.contributor.author","Fürtbauer, Ines"],["dc.contributor.author","Schülke, Oliver"],["dc.contributor.author","Heistermann, Michael"],["dc.contributor.author","Ostner, Julia"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:54:40Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:54:40Z"],["dc.date.issued","2010"],["dc.description.abstract","Information on basic reproductive parameters and life-history traits is crucial for the understanding of primate evolution, ecology, social behavior, and reproductive strategies. Here, we report 4 yr of data on reproductive and life-history traits for wild female Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) at Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, northeastern Thailand. During 2 consecutive reproductive seasons, we investigated reproductive behavior and sexual swelling size in 16 females and collected 1832 fecal samples. Using enzyme immunoassays, we measured fecal estrogen and progesterone metabolites to assess ovarian activity and timing of ovulation and to ascertain conceptions and pregnancies. Timing of reproduction was strictly seasonal (births: April–July, 86% in April–June, 4 yr, n = 29; conceptions: October–February, 65% in December–January, 2 yr, n = 17). Females showed no cyclic ovarian activity outside the mating season and conceived in their first or second cycle (mean: 1.2 cycles to conception, n = 13). Gestation length was on average 164.2 d (range: 158–170, n = 10), and females had their first infant at an age of 5 yr (n = 4). Interbirth intervals were bimodally distributed, with females giving birth on average every 13.9 or 23.2 mo. Shorter interbirth intervals were linked to early parturition within the birth season. Most females displayed subcaudal sexual swellings which, however, did not reliably indicate female reproductive status or fertility. Overall, our results fall within the range of findings reported for other macaque species. These results thus add to the growing body of information available for wild macaques, facilitating comparative studies for a better understanding of interspecific differences in social and reproductive patterns."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s10764-010-9409-3"],["dc.identifier.gro","3151476"],["dc.identifier.pmid","20651906"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/5017"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/8281"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","0164-0291"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.title","Reproductive and Life History Parameters of Wild Female Macaca assamensis"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","397"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","American Journal of Physical Anthropology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","410"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","173"],["dc.contributor.author","Port, Markus"],["dc.contributor.author","Hildenbrandt, Hanno"],["dc.contributor.author","Pen, Ido"],["dc.contributor.author","Schülke, Oliver"],["dc.contributor.author","Ostner, Julia"],["dc.contributor.author","Weissing, Franz J."],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-04-14T08:24:58Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-04-14T08:24:58Z"],["dc.date.issued","2020"],["dc.description.abstract","Abstract The transition from solitary life to sociality is considered one of the major transitions in evolution. In primates, this transition is currently not well understood. Traditional verbal models appear insufficient to unravel the complex interplay of environmental and demographic factors involved in the evolution of primate sociality, and recent phylogenetic reconstructions have produced conflicting results. We therefore analyze a theoretical model for the evolution of female social philopatry that sheds new light on the question why most primates live in groups. In individual‐based simulations, we study the evolution of dispersal strategies of both resident females and their offspring. The model reveals that social philopatry can evolve through kin selection, even if retention of offspring is costly in terms of within‐group resource competition and provides no direct benefits. Our model supports the role of predator avoidance as a selective pressure for group‐living in primates, but it also suggests that a second benefit of group‐living, communal resource defense, might be required to trigger the evolution of sizable groups. Lastly, our model reveals that seemingly small differences in demographic parameters can have profound effects on primate social evolution."],["dc.description.sponsorship","Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659"],["dc.description.sponsorship","Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001655"],["dc.description.sponsorship","H2020 European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1002/ajpa.24123"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/81480"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-399"],["dc.publisher","John Wiley \\u0026 Sons, Inc."],["dc.relation.eissn","1096-8644"],["dc.relation.issn","0002-9483"],["dc.rights","This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited."],["dc.title","The evolution of social philopatry in female primates"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","41973"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Scientific Reports"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","7"],["dc.contributor.author","Müller, Nadine"],["dc.contributor.author","Heistermann, Michael"],["dc.contributor.author","Strube, Christina"],["dc.contributor.author","Schülke, Oliver"],["dc.contributor.author","Ostner, Julia"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:54:37Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:54:37Z"],["dc.date.issued","2017"],["dc.description.abstract","Studying host parasite interactions and their implications for evolution and ecology recently received increasing attention, particularly with regard to host physiology and immunity. Here we assess variation of urinary neopterin (uNEO), a marker of cellular immune activation and iummunosenescence, in response to age and anthelmintic treatment in semi-free ranging Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus). Urinary NEO levels were measured via enzyme-immunoassay from 179 urine samples of 43 individuals between 5–29 years of age. Efficiency of treatment was assessed by Mc Master flotation on repeated faecal samples, including 18 untreated individuals as control group. We used linear mixed models with age and parasite status as main effects, controlling for sex and physical condition, assessed through urinary C-Peptide-levels, with social group and ID as random factors. Urinary NEO levels significantly increased with age, suggesting that changes in aging Barbary macaque immune responses are consistent with immunosenescence described in human and nonhuman primates and can be detected via uNEO measurements. Anthelmintic treatment, however, had no influence on uNEO levels, potentially due to quick reinfections or attenuated immune responses in repeated infections. We conclude that uNEO is a potential non-invasive marker for immune function and particularly immunosenescence in wildlife."],["dc.description.sponsorship","Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2017"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1038/srep41973"],["dc.identifier.gro","3151449"],["dc.identifier.pmid","28155915"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/14334"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/8251"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","2045-2322"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],["dc.title","Age, but not anthelmintic treatment, is associated with urinary neopterin levels in semi-free ranging Barbary macaques"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","323"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","BMC Evolutionary Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","11"],["dc.contributor.author","Franz, Mathias"],["dc.contributor.author","van der Post, Daniel"],["dc.contributor.author","Schülke, Oliver"],["dc.contributor.author","Ostner, Julia"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:54:46Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:54:46Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","BackgroundA fundamental assumption in animal socio-ecology is that animals compete over limited resources. This view has been challenged by the finding that individuals might cooperatively partition resources by \"taking turns\". Turn-taking occurs when two individuals coordinate their agonistic behaviour in a way that leads to an alternating pattern in who obtains a resource without engaging in costly fights. Cooperative turn-taking has been largely ignored in models of animal conflict and socio-ecological models that explain the evolution of social behaviours based only on contest and scramble competition. Currently it is unclear whether turn-taking should be included in socio-ecological models because the evolution of turn-taking is not well understood. In particular, it is unknown whether turn-taking can evolve when fighting costs and assessment of fighting abilities are not fixed but emerge from evolved within-fight behaviour. We address this problem with an evolutionary agent-based model.ResultsWe found that turn-taking evolves for small resource values, alongside a contest strategy that leads to stable dominance relationships. Turn-taking leads to egalitarian societies with unclear dominance relationships and non-linear dominance hierarchies. Evolutionary stability of turn-taking emerged despite strength differences among individuals and the possibility to evolve within-fight behaviour that allows good assessment of fighting abilities. Evolutionary stability emerged from frequency-dependent effects on fitness, which are modulated by feedbacks between the evolution of within-fight behaviour and the evolution of higher-level conflict strategies.ConclusionsOur results reveal the impact of feedbacks between the evolution of within-fight behaviour and the evolution of higher-level conflict strategies, such as turn-taking. Similar feedbacks might be important for the evolution of other conflict strategies such as winner-loser effects or coalitions. However, we are not aware of any study that investigated such feedbacks. Furthermore, our model suggests that turn-taking could be used by animals to partition low value resources, but to our knowledge this has never been tested. The existence of turn-taking might have been overlooked because it leads to societies with similar characteristics that have been expected to emerge from scramble competition. Analyses of temporal interaction patterns could be used to test whether turn-taking occurs in animals."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1186/1471-2148-11-323"],["dc.identifier.gro","3151491"],["dc.identifier.pmid","22054254"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/7042"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/8298"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","1471-2148"],["dc.rights","CC BY 2.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"],["dc.title","The evolution of cooperative turn-taking in animal conflict"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","e67285"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","6"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","PLoS ONE"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","8"],["dc.contributor.author","Seltmann, Anne"],["dc.contributor.author","Majolo, Bonaventura"],["dc.contributor.author","Schülke, Oliver"],["dc.contributor.author","Ostner, Julia"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:54:36Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:54:36Z"],["dc.date.issued","2013"],["dc.description.abstract","Social animals have to coordinate activities and collective movements to benefit from the advantages of group living. Animals in large groups maintain cohesion by self-organization processes whereas in smaller groups consensus decisions can be reached. Where consensus decisions are relevant leadership may emerge. Variation in the organization of collective movements has been linked to variation in female social tolerance among macaque species ranging from despotic to egalitarian. Here we investigated the processes underlying group movements in a wild macaque species characterized by a degree of social tolerance intermediate to previously studied congeneric species. We focused on processes before, during and after the departure of the first individual. To this end, we observed one group of wild Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) in the Middle Atlas, Morocco using all-occurrence behaviour sampling of 199 collective movements. We found that initiators of a collective movement usually chose the direction in which more individuals displayed pre-departure behavior. Dominant individuals contributed to group movements more than subordinates, especially juveniles, measured as frequencies of successful initiations and pre-departure behaviour. Joining was determined by affiliative relationships and the number of individuals that already joined the movement (mimetism). Thus, in our study group partially shared consensus decisions mediated by selective mimetism seemed to be prevalent, overall supporting the suggestion that a species’ social style affects the organization of group movements. As only the most tolerant species show equally shared consensus decisions whereas in others the decision is partially shared with a bias to dominant individuals the type of consensus decisions seems to follow a stepwise relation. Joining order may also follow a stepwise, however opposite, relationship, because dominance only determined joining in highly despotic, but not in intermediate and tolerant species."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1371/journal.pone.0067285"],["dc.identifier.gro","3151448"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/9150"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/8250"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","1932-6203"],["dc.rights","CC BY-NC 3.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0"],["dc.title","The Organization of Collective Group Movements in Wild Barbary Macaques (Macaca sylvanus): Social Structure Drives Processes of Group Coordination in Macaques"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","350"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","International Journal of Primatology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","370"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","37"],["dc.contributor.author","Minge, Christin"],["dc.contributor.author","Berghänel, Andreas"],["dc.contributor.author","Schülke, Oliver"],["dc.contributor.author","Ostner, Julia"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:54:42Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:54:42Z"],["dc.date.issued","2016"],["dc.description.abstract","Male care for offspring is unexpected in polygynandrous mammals. Evidence from nonhuman primates, however, indicates not only the existence of stable male–immature associations in multimale–multifemale groups, but also male care in the form of protection from infanticidal attacks and conspecific harassment. Here, we investigate the relationship characteristics, dynamics, and consequences of male–immature associations in wild Assamese macaques, Macaca assamensis, at Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand, to inform hypotheses of their evolutionary origins. Female Assamese macaques reproduce seasonally and do not signal ovulation, resulting in low mating and paternity skew. However, male–immature associations are predicted by paternity, and male behavior potentially reflects paternal effort. We present focal animal data on 12 immatures followed from birth beyond weaning into their juvenile life (1188 focal hours). The distribution of composite sociality indices suggests that male–immature relationships were highly differentiated. Association patterns and the degree of differentiation remained stable from 6 mo well into the juvenile phase, suggesting that male protection extends beyond the phase of high infanticide risk. Based on Hinde indices, immatures were responsible for maintaining the relationships. The likelihood that an infant was associated with its preferred male increased if the mother was absent and if other males were present in proximity, suggesting that immatures sought protection. The presence of the preferred male did not decrease the rate of mild aggression immatures received from group members, but the stronger the relationship between an immature and a male, the more often it received agonistic support from him. Future studies will have to assess whether this agonistic support translates into improved fitness and represents true paternal care."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s10764-016-9904-2"],["dc.identifier.fs","622721"],["dc.identifier.gro","3151483"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/13300"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/8289"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","0164-0291"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],["dc.title","Patterns and Consequences of Male–Infant Relationships in Wild Assamese Macaques (Macaca assamensis)"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]