Demmer, Iris

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","163"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Experimental Neurology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","171"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","193"],["dc.contributor.author","Sattler, Michael"],["dc.contributor.author","Diem, Ricarda"],["dc.contributor.author","Merkler, Doron"],["dc.contributor.author","Demmer, Iris"],["dc.contributor.author","Boger, I."],["dc.contributor.author","Stadelmann, Christine"],["dc.contributor.author","Bähr, Mathias"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:54:30Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:54:30Z"],["dc.date.issued","2005"],["dc.description.abstract","In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), non-remitting deficits are mainly caused by axonal and neuronal damage. We demonstrated previously that myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats provokes severe axonal and neuronal injury even before clinical manifestation of the disease. In our present study, we investigated effects of simvastatin treatment on degeneration of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) bodies as well as their axons during MOG-induced optic neuritis. Electrophysiological functions of optic nerves and RGCs were analyzed in vivo. Although neuroprotective effects of simvastatin have been demonstrated before in other experimental settings, we did not observe an increase in RGC survival nor an improvement of visual functions. As we could not reproduce the anti-inflammatory effects that were observed under statin therapy in other EAE models, we hypothesize that patients suffering from optic neuritis might not take advantage of simvastatin applications. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.12.010"],["dc.identifier.gro","3143859"],["dc.identifier.isi","000228413300016"],["dc.identifier.pmid","15817275"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/1419"],["dc.notes.intern","WoS Import 2017-03-10"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","PUB_WoS_Import"],["dc.publisher","Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science"],["dc.relation.issn","0014-4886"],["dc.title","Simvastatin treatment does not protect retinal ganglion cells from degeneration in a rat model of autoimmune optic neuritis"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Das Gesundheitswesen"],["dc.contributor.author","Demmer, Iris"],["dc.contributor.author","Schneider, Anke"],["dc.contributor.author","Selgert, Lena"],["dc.contributor.author","Brünahl, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Baum, Erika"],["dc.contributor.author","Bergmann, Antje"],["dc.contributor.author","Ehrhardt, Maren"],["dc.contributor.author","Streitlein-Böhme, Irmgard"],["dc.contributor.author","Hummers, Eva"],["dc.contributor.author","Jünger, Jana"],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-12-01T09:20:59Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-12-01T09:20:59Z"],["dc.date.issued","2021"],["dc.description.abstract","Zusammenfassung Die Allgemeinmedizin hat einen großen Stellenwert in der Gesundheitsversorgung der Bevölkerung. Nur ein kleiner Teil der behandelten Patienten wird bei spezialisierten Fachärzten, im Krankenhaus oder in einer Universitätsklinik versorgt. Der Großteil der Bevölkerung hingegen hat Kontakt zu einem Hausarzt. Mit Einführung der im Masterplan Medizinstudium 2020 geforderten Stärkung der Allgemeinmedizin, unter anderem in neuen Staatsexamina-Prüfungsformaten, wird diese zentrale Stellung in der Patientenversorgung in Studium und Prüfungen zukünftig abgebildet. Das allgemeinärztliche Setting obliegt einem spezifischen Hintergrund mit unausgelesenem Patientenkollektiv und hermeneutischem Fallverständnis. Die neue Abschlussprüfung fördert allgemeinmedizinische und fächerübergreifende Kompetenzen in der ärztlichen Gesprächsführung, bei der körperlichen Untersuchung, im Umgang mit ambulant behandelbaren Erkrankungen, bei Prävention wie auch der Anwendung allgemeiner ärztlicher Richtlinien von Ethik und Recht. Die vom Institut für medizinische und pharmazeutische Prüfungsfragen (IMPP) neu gestaltete standardisierte mündlich-praktische Prüfung mit realen Patienten im ambulanten Setting beinhaltet acht Schritte, die kommunikative und fachliche Prüfungsaspekte integrieren. Zwei geschulte Prüfende beobachten und beurteilen die Leistungen anhand standardisierter Bewertungsbögen. Das neue Prüfungsformat wurde bereits 2019 vom IMPP und Lehrenden verschiedener medizinischer Fakultäten entwickelt, in fünf allgemeinmedizinischen Lehrpraxen getestet, überarbeitet und anschließend in vierzehn Probeprüfungen pilotiert. Standardisierte Vorgaben zum Prüfungsablauf, zur räumlichen Ausstattung sowie zu Prüferschulungen wurden vom IMPP entwickelt. Zukünftig sind bei ca. 10+000 Prüflingen jährlich sowie bei Prüfung zwei Studierender pro Prüftag insgesamt 5000 Prüftage in allgemeinärztlichen Praxen erforderlich. Aufgrund der Expertise der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Familienmedizin (DEGAM), der Gesellschaft der Hochschullehrer für Allgemeinmedizin (GHA) und der universitären Standorte bezüglich der Gewinnung und Motivation von Praxen sowie des großen Potentials als größte Fachgruppe Deutschlands erscheint dieses Ziel erreichbar. Bezüglich der Finanzierung sind politische Entscheidungen notwendig. In einem immer komplexer werdenden Versorgungssystem trägt die Neugestaltung der mündlich-praktischen Prüfung im ambulanten Setting zur Stärkung der interdisziplinären und multiprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit bei."],["dc.description.abstract","Zusammenfassung Die Allgemeinmedizin hat einen großen Stellenwert in der Gesundheitsversorgung der Bevölkerung. Nur ein kleiner Teil der behandelten Patienten wird bei spezialisierten Fachärzten, im Krankenhaus oder in einer Universitätsklinik versorgt. Der Großteil der Bevölkerung hingegen hat Kontakt zu einem Hausarzt. Mit Einführung der im Masterplan Medizinstudium 2020 geforderten Stärkung der Allgemeinmedizin, unter anderem in neuen Staatsexamina-Prüfungsformaten, wird diese zentrale Stellung in der Patientenversorgung in Studium und Prüfungen zukünftig abgebildet. Das allgemeinärztliche Setting obliegt einem spezifischen Hintergrund mit unausgelesenem Patientenkollektiv und hermeneutischem Fallverständnis. Die neue Abschlussprüfung fördert allgemeinmedizinische und fächerübergreifende Kompetenzen in der ärztlichen Gesprächsführung, bei der körperlichen Untersuchung, im Umgang mit ambulant behandelbaren Erkrankungen, bei Prävention wie auch der Anwendung allgemeiner ärztlicher Richtlinien von Ethik und Recht. Die vom Institut für medizinische und pharmazeutische Prüfungsfragen (IMPP) neu gestaltete standardisierte mündlich-praktische Prüfung mit realen Patienten im ambulanten Setting beinhaltet acht Schritte, die kommunikative und fachliche Prüfungsaspekte integrieren. Zwei geschulte Prüfende beobachten und beurteilen die Leistungen anhand standardisierter Bewertungsbögen. Das neue Prüfungsformat wurde bereits 2019 vom IMPP und Lehrenden verschiedener medizinischer Fakultäten entwickelt, in fünf allgemeinmedizinischen Lehrpraxen getestet, überarbeitet und anschließend in vierzehn Probeprüfungen pilotiert. Standardisierte Vorgaben zum Prüfungsablauf, zur räumlichen Ausstattung sowie zu Prüferschulungen wurden vom IMPP entwickelt. Zukünftig sind bei ca. 10+000 Prüflingen jährlich sowie bei Prüfung zwei Studierender pro Prüftag insgesamt 5000 Prüftage in allgemeinärztlichen Praxen erforderlich. Aufgrund der Expertise der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Familienmedizin (DEGAM), der Gesellschaft der Hochschullehrer für Allgemeinmedizin (GHA) und der universitären Standorte bezüglich der Gewinnung und Motivation von Praxen sowie des großen Potentials als größte Fachgruppe Deutschlands erscheint dieses Ziel erreichbar. Bezüglich der Finanzierung sind politische Entscheidungen notwendig. In einem immer komplexer werdenden Versorgungssystem trägt die Neugestaltung der mündlich-praktischen Prüfung im ambulanten Setting zur Stärkung der interdisziplinären und multiprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit bei."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1055/a-1553-3962"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/94316"],["dc.language.iso","de"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI-Import GROB-478"],["dc.relation.eissn","1439-4421"],["dc.relation.issn","0941-3790"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Institut für Allgemeinmedizin"],["dc.title","Prüfen in der Allgemeinmedizin – Staatsexamina im ambulanten hausärztlichen Setting"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original_ja"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","375"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Brain"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","385"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","128"],["dc.contributor.author","Diem, Ricarda"],["dc.contributor.author","Sättler, Muriel B."],["dc.contributor.author","Merkler, Doron"],["dc.contributor.author","Demmer, Iris"],["dc.contributor.author","Maier, Katharina"],["dc.contributor.author","Stadelmann, Christine"],["dc.contributor.author","Ehrenreich, Hannelore"],["dc.contributor.author","Bähr, Mathias"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:45:35Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:45:35Z"],["dc.date.issued","2005"],["dc.description.abstract","Neurodegenerative processes determine the clinical disease course of multiple sclerosis, an inflammatory autoimmune CNS disease that frequently manifests with acute optic neuritis. None of the established multiple sclerosis therapies has been shown to clearly reduce neurodegeneration. In a rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, we recently demonstrated increased neuronal apoptosis under methylprednisolone therapy, although CNS inflammation was effectively controlled. In the present study, we combined steroid treatment with application of erythropoietin to target inflammatory as well as neurodegenerative aspects. After immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), animals were randomly assigned to six treatment groups receiving different combinations of erythropoietin and methylprednisolone, or respective monotherapies. After MOG-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis became clinically manifest, optic neuritis was monitored by recording visual evoked potentials. The function of retinal ganglion cells, the neurons that form the axons of the optic nerve, was measured by electroretinograms. Functional and histo pathological data of retinal ganglion cells and optic nerves revealed that neuron and axon protection was most effective when erythropoietin treatment that was started at immunization was combined with high-dose methylprednisolone therapy given from days 1 to 3 of MOG-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In contrast, isolated neuronal or axonal protection without clinical benefit was achieved under monotherapy with erythropoietin or methylprednisolone, respectively."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1093/brain/awh365"],["dc.identifier.gro","3150407"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/7168"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.doi","10.1093/brain/awh365"],["dc.relation.issn","0006-8950"],["dc.title","Combined therapy with methylprednisolone and erythropoietin in a model of multiple sclerosis"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","378"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Brain pathology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","387"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","14"],["dc.contributor.author","Maier, Katharina"],["dc.contributor.author","Rau, Christian R."],["dc.contributor.author","Storch, Maria K."],["dc.contributor.author","Sättler, Muriel B."],["dc.contributor.author","Demmer, Iris"],["dc.contributor.author","Weissert, Robert"],["dc.contributor.author","Taheri, Naimeh"],["dc.contributor.author","Kuhnert, Antje V."],["dc.contributor.author","Bähr, Mathias"],["dc.contributor.author","Diem, Ricarda"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:43:14Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:43:14Z"],["dc.date.issued","2004"],["dc.description.abstract","Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS which leads to demyelination, axonal destruction and neuronal loss in the early stages. Available therapies mainly target the inflammatory component of the disease but fail to prevent neurodegeneration. To investigate the effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the neurons that form the axons of the optic nerve, we used a rat model of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Optic neuritis in this model was diagnosed by recording visual evoked potentials, and RGC function was monitored by measuring electroretinograms. This study demonstrates that CNTF has a neuroprotective effect on affected RGCs during acute optic neuritis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CNTF exerts its neuroprotective effect through activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway, mitogen activated protein kinases and a shift in the Bcl-2 family of proteins towards the anti-apoptotic side. In summary, our results demonstrate that CNTF can serve as an effective neuroprotective treatment in a rat model of MS that especially reflects the neurodegenerative aspects of this disease."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00081.x"],["dc.identifier.isi","000225174100006"],["dc.identifier.pmid","15605985"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/1508"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","WoS Import 2017-03-10"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","PUB_WoS_Import"],["dc.relation.issn","1015-6305"],["dc.relation.issn","1015-6305"],["dc.title","Ciliary neurotrophic factor protects retinal ganglion cells from secondary cell death during acute autoimmune optic neuritis in rats"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","873"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","17"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","878"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","134"],["dc.contributor.author","Blozik, Eva"],["dc.contributor.author","Demmer, Iris"],["dc.contributor.author","Kochen, Michael M."],["dc.contributor.author","Koschack, Janka"],["dc.contributor.author","Niebling, W."],["dc.contributor.author","Himmel, Wolfgang"],["dc.contributor.author","Scherer, M."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:30:41Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:30:41Z"],["dc.date.issued","2009"],["dc.description.abstract","Objective: This study investigates health-related quality of life in asthma patients from general practices in comparison with a general population sample. It further examines the association between health-related quality of life, socio-demographic characteristics and smoking behaviour. Patients and methods: 838 asthma patients with a mean age of 47.8 +/- 16.3 years and 66% female participants from 83 general practices in the region of Gottingen and Freiburg/Germany completed the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), an instrument to assess health-related quality of life, and they completed questions on socio-demographic variables and smoking behaviour. SGRQ values were compared with estimates for the general population generated in Spain. The association between SGRQ and socio-demographic characteristics and smoking behaviour was analysed by multivariate linear regression models. Results: The SGRQ total values for asthma patients were three times higher than in the general population sample corresponding to a higher level of restrictions in quality of life. Both in the general population sample and in asthma patients non-smokers had a better health-related quality of life than smokers, especially with respect to respiratory symptoms. In the multivariate analysis, socio-demographic characteristics and smoking behaviour were differently related to health-related quality of life. In smokers, the level of impairment by asthma symptoms was the higher the more they had smoked. Impairment in daily activities increased with increasing age and decreasing professional status. Increasing psycho-social restrictions were associated with higher age and lower educational level. Conclusion: Assessing health-related quality of life in its different dimensions enables the general practitioner to conclude on the individual impairment caused by the disease. This facilitates targeted therapeutic interventions. Results from this study underline once more that quality of life should be integrated as an additional clinical parameter in population-based analyses of health care use."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1055/s-0029-1220241"],["dc.identifier.isi","000265711000001"],["dc.identifier.pmid","19370499"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/16949"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.relation.issn","0012-0472"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Institut für Allgemeinmedizin"],["dc.title","Gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität bei Asthmapatienten in der Hausarztpraxis"],["dc.title.alternative","Symptom-related quality of life in asthma patients from general practices"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original_ja"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","172"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Experimental Neurology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","181"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","201"],["dc.contributor.author","Sättler, Muriel B."],["dc.contributor.author","Demmer, Iris"],["dc.contributor.author","Williams, Sarah K."],["dc.contributor.author","Maier, Katharina"],["dc.contributor.author","Merkler, Doron"],["dc.contributor.author","Gadjanski, Ivana"],["dc.contributor.author","Stadelmann, Christine"],["dc.contributor.author","Bähr, Mathias"],["dc.contributor.author","Diem, Ricarda"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:52:35Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:52:35Z"],["dc.date.issued","2006"],["dc.description.abstract","lntcrferon-beta-1a (IFN-beta-1a) is an approved treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). It improves the disease course by reducing the relapse rate as well as the persistent neurological deficits. Recent MRI and post-mortem studies revealed that neuronal and axonal damage are most relevant for chronic disability in MS patients. We have characterized previously time course and mechanisms of neuronal apoptosis in a rat model of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced optic neuritis. In this animal model, application of IFN-beta-1a three times per week slightly decreases the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the neurons that form the axons within the optic nerve. In contrast to neurotrophic factors, this cytokine does not directly protect cultured RGCs from apoptosis. We conclude that IFN-beta-1a is a suitable candidate to be combined with a directly neuroprotective agent in order to further decrease axonal and neuronal degeneration in MS patients. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.04.015"],["dc.identifier.gro","3143633"],["dc.identifier.isi","000240152100019"],["dc.identifier.pmid","16764858"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/1169"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","WoS Import 2017-03-10"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","PUB_WoS_Import"],["dc.relation.issn","0014-4886"],["dc.subject","EAE; interferon-beta; Neuronal apoptosis; Retinal ganglion cells; Mitogen-activated protein kinase; Axonal damage"],["dc.title","Effects of interferon-beta-1a on neuronal survival under autoimmune inflammatory conditions"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","19"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Experimental Brain Research"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","26"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","118"],["dc.contributor.author","Kastner, S."],["dc.contributor.author","Demmer, Iris"],["dc.contributor.author","Ziemann, U."],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-08-26T11:02:56Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-08-26T11:02:56Z"],["dc.date.issued","1998-01"],["dc.description.abstract","Transient visual field defects (VFDs) and phosphenes were induced in normal volunteers by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) using a circular magnetic coil of 12.5 cm diameter placed with its lower rim 2-4 cm above the inion in the midline. Subjects had to detect small, bright dots presented randomly for 14 ms in one of 60 locations on a computer screen resulting in a plot of the central 9 degrees of the visual field. In 8 of 17 subjects, transient VFDs were inducible at peak magnetic field strenghts of 1.1-1.4 T. In the central 1-3 degrees, detection of targets was impaired in both the upper and lower visual field, whereas at 4-9 degrees large parts of only the lower visual field were affected with a sharp cut-off along the horizontal meridian. Targets at 1 degree in the lower field were affected with lower TMS intensities than corresponding locations in the upper or peripheral locations in the lower field. Detection of central targets was affected at more caudal stimulation sites than detection of peripheral targets. Phosphenes were elicitable in 14 of 17 subjects at clearly lower field strengths of 0.6-1.0 T. Many subjects perceived chromatophosphenes. From a discussion of the literature on patients with VFDs and the known topography of the human visual system, it is concluded that the transient VFDs at 1-3 degrees are probably due to stimulation of both striate cortex (V1) and extrastriate areas (V2/V3), while VFDs in the lower visual field at eccentricities 4-9 degrees are due to stimulation of V2/V3 but not V1."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s002210050251"],["dc.identifier.pmid","9547074"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/88815"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.relation.issn","0014-4819"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.title","Transient visual field defects induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation over human occipital pole"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.subtype","original_ja"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","2229"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","17"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Neuroreport"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","2233"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","13"],["dc.contributor.author","Antal, Andrea"],["dc.contributor.author","Kincses, T. Z."],["dc.contributor.author","Nitsche, M. A."],["dc.contributor.author","Bartfai, O."],["dc.contributor.author","Demmer, Iris"],["dc.contributor.author","Sommer, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:42:36Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:42:36Z"],["dc.date.issued","2002"],["dc.description.abstract","Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive technique for direct stimulation of the neocortex. In the last two decades it is successfully applied in the study of motor and sensory physiology TMS uses the indirect induction of electrical fields in the brain generated by intense changes of magnetic fields applied to the scalp. It encompasses two widely used waveform configurations: monophasic magnetic pulses induce a single current in the brain while biphasic pulses induce at least two currents of inverse direction. As has been shown for the motor cortex, efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may depend on pulse configuration. In order to clarify this question with regard to visual perception, static contrast sensitivities (sCS) were evaluated before, during, immediately after and 10 minutes after monophasic and biphasic low frequency (1 Hz) rTMS applied to the occipital cortex of 15 healthy subjects. The intensity of stimulation was the phosphene threshold of each individual subject. Using 4c/d spatial frequency, significant sCS loss was found during and immediately after 10 min of monophasic stimulation, while biphasic stimulation resulted in no significant effect. Ten minutes after the end of stimulation, the sCS values were at baseline level again. However, reversed current flow direction resulted in an increased efficacy of biphasic and decreased efficacy of monophasic stimulation. Our results are in agreement with previous findings showing that primary visual functions, such as contrast detection, can be transiently altered by low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation. However the effect of modulation significantly depends on the current waveform and direction."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1097/00001756-200212030-00013"],["dc.identifier.isi","000180167700013"],["dc.identifier.pmid","12488802"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/33997"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Lippincott Williams & Wilkins"],["dc.relation.issn","0959-4965"],["dc.title","Pulse configuration-dependent effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on visual perception"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","3707"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","8"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","3714"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","49"],["dc.contributor.author","Diem, Ricarda"],["dc.contributor.author","Demmer, Iris"],["dc.contributor.author","Boretius, Susann"],["dc.contributor.author","Merkler, Doron"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmelting, Barthel"],["dc.contributor.author","Williams, Sarah K."],["dc.contributor.author","Sättler, Muriel B."],["dc.contributor.author","Bähr, Mathias"],["dc.contributor.author","Michaelis, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Frahm, Jens"],["dc.contributor.author","Brück, Wolfgang"],["dc.contributor.author","Fuchs, Eberhard"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:45:29Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:45:29Z"],["dc.date.issued","2008"],["dc.description.abstract","purpose. To assess the use of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) for the in vivo detection of impaired visual function in a marmoset model of multiple sclerosis. The sensitivity of the VEP recordings was determined by comparison with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathology.methods. Baseline VEPs were recorded in six healthy marmoset monkeys in response to light-flash stimulation. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in four of the six monkeys. Clinical scores were assessed daily, and VEPs were recorded every second week. In vivo MRI and subsequent histopathology of the brains and optic nerves were performed at the end of the study.results. After induction of EAE, all four marmosets exhibited clinical signs between day 26 and 38 after immunization. VEPs were normal during the induction phase of the disease, but deteriorated in amplitude with the occurrence of clinical symptoms in all animals. MRI revealed bilateral optic neuritis and signal alterations in the optic tracts and occipital subcortical white matter in two of the animals. In the remaining two animals, MRI detected signal alterations in the occipital subcortical white matter. Histopathologic results were concordant with the MRI findings.conclusions. VEPs are an easily accessible noninvasive tool for measuring visual function and diagnosing impairment of the visual pathway in a marmoset EAE model."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1167/iovs.08-1896"],["dc.identifier.gro","3150371"],["dc.identifier.pmid","18450589"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/7128"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.issn","1552-5783"],["dc.title","Autoimmune Optic Neuritis in the Common Marmoset Monkey: Comparison of Visual Evoked Potentials with MRI and Histopathology"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","72"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Neuroscience Letters"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","76"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","436"],["dc.contributor.author","Hein (née Maier), K."],["dc.contributor.author","Köhler, A."],["dc.contributor.author","Diem, R."],["dc.contributor.author","Sättler, M. B."],["dc.contributor.author","Demmer, Iris"],["dc.contributor.author","Lange, P."],["dc.contributor.author","Bähr, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Otto, M."],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:48:43Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:48:43Z"],["dc.date.issued","2008"],["dc.description.abstract","Axonal degeneration is now recognized as an important pathological feature of multiple sclerosis (MS). Acute axonal damage happens early in the disease course, and therefore early changes might occur in markers in body fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. In our study we investigated the relevance of serum and CSF markers for axonal damage in patients with clinically isolated syndrome indicative for MS. We measured the concentration of tau, phospho-tau, S100B, Amyloid beta and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in CSF and serum. Interestingly, the NSE concentration in CSF and serum was decreased in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)-patients in comparison to the control group indicating reduced neuronal metabolic activity in the early stage of the disease. Concerning other biomarkers, we did not observe any changes in the concentrations between groups. Moreover, we did not detect any correlation between Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the concentration of investigated proteins. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.neulet.2008.02.064"],["dc.identifier.gro","3143299"],["dc.identifier.isi","000255696400016"],["dc.identifier.pmid","18359164"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/798"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","WoS Import 2017-03-10"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","PUB_WoS_Import"],["dc.relation.issn","0304-3940"],["dc.title","Biological markers for axonal degeneration in CSF and blood of patients with the first event indicative for multiple sclerosis"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]