Brischke, Christian

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","0"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Holzforschung"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","0"],["dc.contributor.author","Brischke, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Emmerich, Lukas"],["dc.contributor.author","Koddenberg, Tim"],["dc.contributor.author","Kick, Annika E. B."],["dc.date.accessioned","2022-04-01T10:03:12Z"],["dc.date.available","2022-04-01T10:03:12Z"],["dc.date.issued","2022"],["dc.description.abstract","Abstract Haematoxylum campechianum is most prevalently used as dyewood; its use for furniture, flooring, or fencing is only of regional importance, which might be due to lacking data about its technological properties. Therefore, small specimens were cut from H. campechianum stems from plantations in the lowlands of the Usumacinta delta in Mexico. The latter were subjected to laboratory decay and moisture studies. Water vapour sorption, liquid water uptake, and swelling of H. campechianum appeared much lower in comparison with most European grown wood species and similar to tropical hardwoods such as Tectona grandis . After removal of water-soluble ingredients, water vapour sorption of H. campechianum specimens further decreased, which assigned such ingredients a somewhat hydrophilic character. Mean mass losses (ML) due to decay by white, brown, and soft rot fungi in laboratory tests were <5%. On the basis of a dose-response model, wetting ability factors and ML values from decay tests predicted an outdoor performance similar to T. grandis and Intsia bijuga . Based on this preliminary property profile, H. campechianum can be recommended for both outdoor (e.g. fencing, outdoor decking, railing) and indoor applications (e.g. flooring, manufacturing of furniture, wall and ceiling panels, decoration artwork)."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1515/hf-2021-0187"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/106106"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI-Import GROB-530"],["dc.relation.eissn","1437-434X"],["dc.relation.issn","0018-3830"],["dc.title","Properties of Mexican bloodwood ( Haematoxylum campechianum L.). Part 2: moisture performance and biological durability"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","445"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","5"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Holzforschung"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","455"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","73"],["dc.contributor.author","Brischke, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Stricker, Simon"],["dc.contributor.author","Meyer-Veltrup, Linda"],["dc.contributor.author","Emmerich, Lukas"],["dc.date.accessioned","2020-12-10T18:42:21Z"],["dc.date.available","2020-12-10T18:42:21Z"],["dc.date.issued","2019"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1515/hf-2018-0171"],["dc.identifier.eissn","1437-434X"],["dc.identifier.issn","0018-3830"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/77910"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-354"],["dc.title","Changes in sorption and electrical properties of wood caused by fungal decay"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","27"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","International wood products journal"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","37"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","11"],["dc.contributor.author","Emmerich, Lukas"],["dc.contributor.author","Militz, Holger"],["dc.contributor.author","Brischke, Christian"],["dc.date.accessioned","2020-12-10T18:15:32Z"],["dc.date.available","2020-12-10T18:15:32Z"],["dc.date.issued","2020"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1080/20426445.2020.1715553"],["dc.identifier.eissn","2042-6453"],["dc.identifier.issn","2042-6445"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/74875"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-354"],["dc.title","Long-term performance of DMDHEU-treated wood installed in different test set-ups in ground, above ground and in the marine environment"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","786"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","9"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Holzforschung"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","797"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","75"],["dc.contributor.author","Emmerich, Lukas"],["dc.contributor.author","Bleckmann, Maja"],["dc.contributor.author","Strohbusch, Sarah"],["dc.contributor.author","Brischke, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Bollmus, Susanne"],["dc.contributor.author","Militz, Holger"],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-10-01T09:58:15Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-10-01T09:58:15Z"],["dc.date.issued","2021"],["dc.description.abstract","Abstract Chemical wood modification has been used to modify wood and improve its decay resistance. However, the mode of protective action is still not fully understood. Occasionally, outdoor products made from chemically modified timber (CMT) show internal decay while their outer shell remains intact. Hence, it was hypothesized that wood decay fungi may grow through CMT without losing their capability to degrade non-modified wood. This study aimed at developing a laboratory test set-up to investigate (1) whether decay fungi grow through CMT and (2) retain their ability to degrade non-modified wood. Acetylated and 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) treated wood were used in decay tests with modified ‘mantle specimens’ and untreated ‘core dowels’. It became evident that white rot ( Trametes versicolor ), brown rot ( Coniophora puteana ) and soft rot fungi can grow through CMT without losing their ability to degrade untreated wood. Consequently, full volume impregnation of wood with the modifying agent is required to achieve complete protection of wooden products. In decay tests with DMDHEU treated specimens, significant amounts of apparently non-fixated DMDHEU were translocated from modified mantle specimens to untreated wood cores. A diffusion-driven transport of nitrogen and DMDHEU seemed to be responsible for mass translocation during decay testing."],["dc.description.abstract","Abstract Chemical wood modification has been used to modify wood and improve its decay resistance. However, the mode of protective action is still not fully understood. Occasionally, outdoor products made from chemically modified timber (CMT) show internal decay while their outer shell remains intact. Hence, it was hypothesized that wood decay fungi may grow through CMT without losing their capability to degrade non-modified wood. This study aimed at developing a laboratory test set-up to investigate (1) whether decay fungi grow through CMT and (2) retain their ability to degrade non-modified wood. Acetylated and 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) treated wood were used in decay tests with modified ‘mantle specimens’ and untreated ‘core dowels’. It became evident that white rot ( Trametes versicolor ), brown rot ( Coniophora puteana ) and soft rot fungi can grow through CMT without losing their ability to degrade untreated wood. Consequently, full volume impregnation of wood with the modifying agent is required to achieve complete protection of wooden products. In decay tests with DMDHEU treated specimens, significant amounts of apparently non-fixated DMDHEU were translocated from modified mantle specimens to untreated wood cores. A diffusion-driven transport of nitrogen and DMDHEU seemed to be responsible for mass translocation during decay testing."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1515/hf-2020-0252"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/90022"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-469"],["dc.relation.eissn","1437-434X"],["dc.relation.issn","0018-3830"],["dc.title","Growth behavior of wood-destroying fungi in chemically modified wood: wood degradation and translocation of nitrogen compounds"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Wood Science and Technology"],["dc.contributor.author","Emmerich, Lukas"],["dc.contributor.author","Ehrmann, Alexander"],["dc.contributor.author","Brischke, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Militz, Holger"],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-07-05T15:00:52Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-07-05T15:00:52Z"],["dc.date.issued","2021"],["dc.description.abstract","Abstract Glyoxal-based condensation resins like 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) have been used to modify wood and improve its resistance against decaying fungi. High biological durability of DMDHEU-treated wood has already been confirmed in laboratory and field tests in the past. However, the modes of protective action behind an improved decay resistance are not fully understood yet. Furthermore, it is questionable how the use of formaldehyde-poor N-methylol and formaldehyde-free N-methyl compounds instead of DMDHEU affects the moisture behavior and durability, respectively. In this study, wood blocks were treated with N-methylol (DMDHEU, methylated DMDHEU) and N-methyl compounds (1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea; DMeDHEU). Untreated and modified specimens were exposed to different moisture regimes and wood-destroying fungi in order to study the indicators that control changes in the wetting ability and decay resistance. Both N-methylol and N-methyl compounds decreased the water uptake and release and increased the durability of Scots pine sapwood from ‘not durable’ (DC 5) to ‘very durable to durable’ (DC 1–2). However, high fluctuations were observed in water uptake and release as well as mass loss (ML) caused by fungal decay, when modified specimens were tested without passing through a cold-water leaching. Consequently, a significant effect of the leaching procedure according to EN 84 on the durability classification could be established. The latter appeared more pronounced for treatments with N-methyl compounds compared to N-methylol compounds. Finally, wetting ability ( k wa ) and resistance indicating factors ( k inh ) enabled a forecast of high biological durability for both treatments with N-methylol and N-methyl compounds under real service life conditions."],["dc.description.abstract","Abstract Glyoxal-based condensation resins like 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) have been used to modify wood and improve its resistance against decaying fungi. High biological durability of DMDHEU-treated wood has already been confirmed in laboratory and field tests in the past. However, the modes of protective action behind an improved decay resistance are not fully understood yet. Furthermore, it is questionable how the use of formaldehyde-poor N-methylol and formaldehyde-free N-methyl compounds instead of DMDHEU affects the moisture behavior and durability, respectively. In this study, wood blocks were treated with N-methylol (DMDHEU, methylated DMDHEU) and N-methyl compounds (1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea; DMeDHEU). Untreated and modified specimens were exposed to different moisture regimes and wood-destroying fungi in order to study the indicators that control changes in the wetting ability and decay resistance. Both N-methylol and N-methyl compounds decreased the water uptake and release and increased the durability of Scots pine sapwood from ‘not durable’ (DC 5) to ‘very durable to durable’ (DC 1–2). However, high fluctuations were observed in water uptake and release as well as mass loss (ML) caused by fungal decay, when modified specimens were tested without passing through a cold-water leaching. Consequently, a significant effect of the leaching procedure according to EN 84 on the durability classification could be established. The latter appeared more pronounced for treatments with N-methyl compounds compared to N-methylol compounds. Finally, wetting ability ( k wa ) and resistance indicating factors ( k inh ) enabled a forecast of high biological durability for both treatments with N-methylol and N-methyl compounds under real service life conditions."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s00226-021-01303-8"],["dc.identifier.pii","1303"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/87921"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import DOI-Import GROB-441"],["dc.relation.eissn","1432-5225"],["dc.relation.issn","0043-7719"],["dc.title","Comparative studies on the durability and moisture performance of wood modified with cyclic N-methylol and N-methyl compounds"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","0"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Holzforschung"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","0"],["dc.contributor.author","Koddenberg, Tim"],["dc.contributor.author","Brischke, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Emmerich, Lukas"],["dc.contributor.author","Kick, Annika B. E."],["dc.date.accessioned","2022-04-01T10:03:11Z"],["dc.date.available","2022-04-01T10:03:11Z"],["dc.date.issued","2022"],["dc.description.abstract","Abstract Bloodwood ( Haematoxylum campechianum L.) native to Central America has been known as dye source since the prehistoric times by the Maya. Nowadays, bloodwood is increasingly used for plantations but its use for furniture, flooring, or fencing is only of regional importance. The reason is seen in lacking knowledge of its properties. To expand that knowledge, this Part 1 of the two-part study series investigated the anatomy and the discolouration due to leaching of heartwood of H. campechianum . Anatomical characteristics were described qualitatively and quantitively using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography. Detailed wood anatomical data are presented, together with numerical analyses of cell parameters. Apart from wood anatomy, colourimetric analyses were obtained after 10 leaching cycles. The colour change of the wood due to water exposure was determined measuring in CIE L a b colour system. In addition, the extinction of the leachate was determined spectrophotometrically after each leaching cycle. The resulting colour change was evaluated according to colour change after each cycle. The most prominent change in colour was observed for the first cycle due to leaching. Because of the extensive leaching of extractives, further investigation might address the effect of leaching of water-soluble extractives on adhesion properties of bloodwood."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1515/hf-2021-0186"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/106105"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI-Import GROB-530"],["dc.relation.eissn","1437-434X"],["dc.relation.issn","0018-3830"],["dc.title","Properties of Mexican bloodwood ( Haematoxylum campechianum L.). Part 1: anatomical and colourimetric characteristics"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1061"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","11"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Holzforschung"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1065"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","75"],["dc.contributor.author","Emmerich, Lukas"],["dc.contributor.author","Brischke, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Militz, Holger"],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-12-01T09:22:33Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-12-01T09:22:33Z"],["dc.date.issued","2021"],["dc.description.abstract","Abstract Chemical modification is increasing the durability of wood against biological deterioration. Usually, the effect of a new treatment on the durability of wood is screened in laboratory decay tests, where durability classes are assigned on the basis of the mass loss ( ML ) caused by degrading fungi. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how non-fixated chemicals in modified wood may affect fungal ML measurements and corresponding durability classification when wood samples are incubated under humid conditions for long periods. Wood blocks were treated with solutions of 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), methylated DMDHEU (mDMDHEU) and 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMeDHEU) and subjected to consecutive cold-water leaching cycles. Significant amounts of non-fixated chemicals were removed from the wood by three leaching cycles and might lead to ML mistaken as response of fungal decay. Consequently, the treated material was assigned erroneously by up to four durability classes (DC) worse than material which did not include leachable, non-fixated chemicals. Thus, for a reliable durability classification of chemically modified wood, prolonged leaching procedures are recommended to assure that the measured ML is entirely attributed to fungal decay."],["dc.description.abstract","Abstract Chemical modification is increasing the durability of wood against biological deterioration. Usually, the effect of a new treatment on the durability of wood is screened in laboratory decay tests, where durability classes are assigned on the basis of the mass loss ( ML ) caused by degrading fungi. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how non-fixated chemicals in modified wood may affect fungal ML measurements and corresponding durability classification when wood samples are incubated under humid conditions for long periods. Wood blocks were treated with solutions of 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), methylated DMDHEU (mDMDHEU) and 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMeDHEU) and subjected to consecutive cold-water leaching cycles. Significant amounts of non-fixated chemicals were removed from the wood by three leaching cycles and might lead to ML mistaken as response of fungal decay. Consequently, the treated material was assigned erroneously by up to four durability classes (DC) worse than material which did not include leachable, non-fixated chemicals. Thus, for a reliable durability classification of chemically modified wood, prolonged leaching procedures are recommended to assure that the measured ML is entirely attributed to fungal decay."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1515/hf-2021-0037"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/94427"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI-Import GROB-478"],["dc.relation.eissn","1437-434X"],["dc.relation.issn","0018-3830"],["dc.title","Wood modification with N-methylol and N-methyl compounds: a case study on how non-fixated chemicals in modified wood may affect the classification of their durability"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","932"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","10"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Holzforschung"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","944"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","75"],["dc.contributor.author","Emmerich, Lukas"],["dc.contributor.author","Brischke, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Bollmus, Susanne"],["dc.contributor.author","Militz, Holger"],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-12-01T09:24:00Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-12-01T09:24:00Z"],["dc.date.issued","2021"],["dc.description.abstract","Abstract Cyclic N -methylol compounds have been used for cell wall impregnation modifications of wood. Besides an improved decay resistance and dimensional stability, the modifications resulted in a decrease of wood’s dynamic strength properties. However, the mechanisms behind a significant loss in dynamic strength are not fully understood yet. In this study, wood blocks were treated with the N -methylol compounds 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and methylated DMDHEU (mDMDHEU) and the N -methyl compound 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxy-ethyleneurea (DMeDHEU). In order to study the factors that control the changes of wood performance under dynamic loads, single (impact bending strength, IBS) and multiple dynamic impact (resistance to impact milling, RIM) tests were applied. It became evident, that reductions in IBS and RIM increased with increasing solid content, formaldehyde content and catalyst concentration of the impregnation solutions, but were not affected by a cold-water leaching. Differences in structural integrity of wood modified with N -methylol and N -methyl compounds were more pronounced than those of IBS. Therefore, RIM appeared more sensitive to changes on cellular level, as a higher degree of co-condensation of the N -methylol compounds with cell wall polymers was expected in comparison with the N -methyl compound."],["dc.description.abstract","Abstract Cyclic N -methylol compounds have been used for cell wall impregnation modifications of wood. Besides an improved decay resistance and dimensional stability, the modifications resulted in a decrease of wood’s dynamic strength properties. However, the mechanisms behind a significant loss in dynamic strength are not fully understood yet. In this study, wood blocks were treated with the N -methylol compounds 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and methylated DMDHEU (mDMDHEU) and the N -methyl compound 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxy-ethyleneurea (DMeDHEU). In order to study the factors that control the changes of wood performance under dynamic loads, single (impact bending strength, IBS) and multiple dynamic impact (resistance to impact milling, RIM) tests were applied. It became evident, that reductions in IBS and RIM increased with increasing solid content, formaldehyde content and catalyst concentration of the impregnation solutions, but were not affected by a cold-water leaching. Differences in structural integrity of wood modified with N -methylol and N -methyl compounds were more pronounced than those of IBS. Therefore, RIM appeared more sensitive to changes on cellular level, as a higher degree of co-condensation of the N -methylol compounds with cell wall polymers was expected in comparison with the N -methyl compound."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1515/hf-2021-0013"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/94821"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI-Import GROB-478"],["dc.relation.eissn","1437-434X"],["dc.relation.issn","0018-3830"],["dc.title","Dynamic strength properties and structural integrity of wood modified with cyclic N -methylol and N -methyl compounds"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]