Rakoczy, Hannes

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","730"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Cognition"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","749"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","106"],["dc.contributor.author","Mendes, Natacha"],["dc.contributor.author","Rakoczy, Hannes"],["dc.contributor.author","Call, Josep"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:53:42Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:53:42Z"],["dc.date.issued","2007"],["dc.description.abstract","Developmental research suggests that whereas very young infants individuate objects purely on spatiotemporal grounds, from (at latest) around 1 year of age children are capable of individuating objects according to the kind they belong to and the properties they instantiate. As the latter ability has been found to correlate with language, some have speculated whether it might be essentially language dependent and therefore uniquely human. Existing studies with non-human primates seem to speak against this hypothesis, but fail to present conclusive evidence due to methodological shortcomings. In the present experiments we set out to test non-linguistic object individuation in three great ape species with a refined manual search methodology. Experiment 1 tested for spatiotemporal object individuation: Subjects saw 1 or 2 objects simultaneously being placed inside a box in which they could reach, and then in both conditions only found 1 object. After retrieval of the 1 object, subjects reached again significantly more often when they had seen 2 than when they had seen 1 object. Experiment 2 tested for object individuation according to property/kind information only: Subjects saw 1 object being placed inside the box, and then either found that object (expected) or an object of a different kind (unexpected). Analogously to Experiment 1, after retrieval of the 1 object, subjects reached again significantly more often in the unexpected than in the expected condition. These results thus confirm previous findings suggesting that individuating objects according to their property/kind is neither uniquely human nor essentially language dependent. It remains to be seen, however, whether this kind of object individuation requires sortal concepts as human linguistic thinkers use them, or whether some simpler form of tracking properties is sufficient."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.cognition.2007.04.007"],["dc.identifier.gro","3151332"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/8124"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","public"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","0010-0277"],["dc.title","Ape metaphysics: Object individuation without language"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.contributor.author","Clüver, Annette"],["dc.contributor.author","Stoffregen, Nicole"],["dc.contributor.author","Saucke, Liane"],["dc.contributor.author","Gräbener, Alice"],["dc.contributor.author","Migura, Judith"],["dc.contributor.author","Call, Josep"],["dc.contributor.author","Rakoczy, Hannes"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-03-27T12:32:17Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-03-27T12:32:17Z"],["dc.date.issued","2012"],["dc.description.abstract","Background / Purpose: This study investigates intuitive statistics in non-human primates (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans) and is based on previous work on intuitive statistics in human infants (1). In a series of experiments we tested whether non-human primates can reason about the likelihood of a particular food item being drawn from two mixed populations of food items (carrot pieces and banana pellets, where the banana pellets are by far preferred by the animals). Importantly, the distribution of the two items and thus the relative frequency of drawing a banana pellet differed between the populations (e.g. 64:16 of banana : carrot in one bucket vs. 16:64 in the other). Main conclusion: We found evidence of intuitive statistics in this group of great apes: in the majority of trials, the animals chose the sample stemming from the population with a higher relative frequency of their preferred item (banana pellet). We ruled out alternative accounts, such as Clever Hans effects and odour discrimination."],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/13168"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.preprint","yes"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.conference","ASAB Interdisciplinary Workshop 2012"],["dc.relation.eventend","28.06.2012"],["dc.relation.eventlocation","Birmingham"],["dc.relation.eventstart","27.06.2012"],["dc.relation.iserratumof","yes"],["dc.title","Intuitive statistics in non-human primates"],["dc.type","conference_paper"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","e22693"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","American Journal of Primatology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","79"],["dc.contributor.author","Eckert, Johanna"],["dc.contributor.author","Rakoczy, Hannes"],["dc.contributor.author","Call, Josep"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-02-12T11:28:59Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-02-12T11:28:59Z"],["dc.date.issued","2017"],["dc.description.abstract","Inductive learning from limited observations is a cognitive capacity of fundamental importance. In humans, it is underwritten by our intuitive statistics, the ability to draw systematic inferences from populations to randomly drawn samples and vice versa. According to recent research in cognitive development, human intuitive statistics develops early in infancy. Recent work in comparative psychology has produced first evidence for analogous cognitive capacities in great apes who flexibly drew inferences from populations to samples. In the present study, we investigated whether great apes (Pongo abelii, Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus, Gorilla gorilla) also draw inductive inferences in the opposite direction, from samples to populations. In two experiments, apes saw an experimenter randomly drawing one multi-item sample from each of two populations of food items. The populations differed in their proportion of preferred to neutral items (24:6 vs. 6:24) but apes saw only the distribution of food items in the samples that reflected the distribution of the respective populations (e.g., 4:1 vs. 1:4). Based on this observation they were then allowed to choose between the two populations. Results show that apes seemed to make inferences from samples to populations and thus chose the population from which the more favorable (4:1) sample was drawn in Experiment 1. In this experiment, the more attractive sample not only contained proportionally but also absolutely more preferred food items than the less attractive sample. Experiment 2, however, revealed that when absolute and relative frequencies were disentangled, apes performed at chance level. Whether these limitations in apes' performance reflect true limits of cognitive competence or merely performance limitations due to accessory task demands is still an open question."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1002/ajp.22693"],["dc.identifier.pmid","28877364"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/12169"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.title","Are great apes able to reason from multi-item samples to populations of food items?"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1959"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","12"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Current Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1963.e3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","28"],["dc.contributor.author","Eckert, Johanna"],["dc.contributor.author","Rakoczy, Hannes"],["dc.contributor.author","Call, Josep"],["dc.contributor.author","Herrmann, Esther"],["dc.contributor.author","Hanus, Daniel"],["dc.date.accessioned","2020-12-10T14:23:22Z"],["dc.date.available","2020-12-10T14:23:22Z"],["dc.date.issued","2018"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.077"],["dc.identifier.issn","0960-9822"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/71910"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-354"],["dc.title","Chimpanzees Consider Humans’ Psychological States when Drawing Statistical Inferences"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","60"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Cognition"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","68"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","131"],["dc.contributor.author","Rakoczy, Hannes"],["dc.contributor.author","Clüver, Annette"],["dc.contributor.author","Saucke, Liane"],["dc.contributor.author","Stoffregen, Nicole"],["dc.contributor.author","Gräbener, Alice"],["dc.contributor.author","Migura, Judith"],["dc.contributor.author","Call, Josep"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:52:49Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:52:49Z"],["dc.date.issued","2014"],["dc.description.abstract","Inductive learning and reasoning, as we use it both in everyday life and in science, is characterized by flexible inferences based on statistical information: inferences from populations to samples and vice versa. Many forms of such statistical reasoning have been found to develop late in human ontogeny, depending on formal education and language, and to be fragile even in adults. New revolutionary research, however, suggests that even preverbal human infants make use of intuitive statistics. Here, we conducted the first investigation of such intuitive statistical reasoning with non-human primates. In a series of 7 experiments, Bonobos, Chimpanzees, Gorillas and Orangutans drew flexible statistical inferences from populations to samples. These inferences, furthermore, were truly based on statistical information regarding the relative frequency distributions in a population, and not on absolute frequencies. Intuitive statistics in its most basic form is thus an evolutionarily more ancient rather than a uniquely human capacity."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.cognition.2013.12.011"],["dc.identifier.gro","3151304"],["dc.identifier.pmid","24440657"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/8093"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","0010-0277"],["dc.title","Apes are intuitive statisticians"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","99"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Cognition"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","107"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","180"],["dc.contributor.author","Eckert, Johanna"],["dc.contributor.author","Call, Josep"],["dc.contributor.author","Hermes, Jonas"],["dc.contributor.author","Herrmann, Esther"],["dc.contributor.author","Rakoczy, Hannes"],["dc.date.accessioned","2020-12-10T14:23:11Z"],["dc.date.available","2020-12-10T14:23:11Z"],["dc.date.issued","2018"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.cognition.2018.07.004"],["dc.identifier.issn","0010-0277"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/71866"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-354"],["dc.title","Intuitive statistical inferences in chimpanzees and humans follow Weber’s law"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","921"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","5"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Animal Cognition"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","937"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","19"],["dc.contributor.author","Cacchione, Trix"],["dc.contributor.author","Hrubesch, Christine"],["dc.contributor.author","Call, Josep"],["dc.contributor.author","Rakoczy, Hannes"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:52:47Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:52:47Z"],["dc.date.issued","2016"],["dc.description.abstract","Human reasoning is characterized by psychological essentialism (Gelman in The essential child: origins of essentialism in everyday thought. Oxford University Press, New York, 2003): when reasoning about objects, we distinguish between deep essential properties defining the object’s kind and identity, and merely superficial features that can be changed without altering the object’s identity. To date, it is unclear whether psychological essentialism is based on the acquisition of linguistic means (such as kind terms) and therefore uniquely human, or whether it is a more fundamental cognitive capacity which might be present also in the absence of language. In the present study, we addressed this question by testing whether, and if so, under which circumstances non-human apes also rely on psychological essentialism to identify objects. For this purpose, we adapted classical verbal transformation scenarios used in research on psychological essentialism (Keil in Concepts, kinds, and cognitive development. MIT Press, Cambridge, 1989) and implemented them in two nonverbal tasks: first, a box task, typically used to test object individuation (Experiment 1), and second, an object choice task, typically used to test object discrimination, object preferences and logical inferences (Experiments 2–4). Taken together, the results of the four experiments suggest that under suitable circumstances (when memory and other task demands are minimized), great apes engage in basic forms of essentialist reasoning. Psychological essentialism is thus possible also in the absence of language."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s10071-016-0991-4"],["dc.identifier.gro","3151282"],["dc.identifier.pmid","27142417"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/8069"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","1435-9448"],["dc.title","Are apes essentialists? Scope and limits of psychological essentialism in great apes"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","cdev.13861"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Child Development"],["dc.contributor.author","Engelmann, Jan M."],["dc.contributor.author","Haux, Lou M."],["dc.contributor.author","Völter, Christoph"],["dc.contributor.author","Schleihauf, Hanna"],["dc.contributor.author","Call, Josep"],["dc.contributor.author","Rakoczy, Hannes"],["dc.contributor.author","Herrmann, Esther"],["dc.date.accessioned","2022-11-01T10:17:02Z"],["dc.date.available","2022-11-01T10:17:02Z"],["dc.date.issued","2022"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/cdev.13861"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/116719"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI-Import GROB-605"],["dc.relation.eissn","1467-8624"],["dc.relation.issn","0009-3920"],["dc.title","Do chimpanzees reason logically?"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]