Raupach, Tobias

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","711"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","7"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Medical Education"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","720"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","50"],["dc.contributor.author","Raupach, Tobias"],["dc.contributor.author","Andresen, Jil C."],["dc.contributor.author","Meyer, Katharina"],["dc.contributor.author","Strobel, Lisa"],["dc.contributor.author","Koziolek, Michael"],["dc.contributor.author","Jung, Wolfram"],["dc.contributor.author","Brown, Jamie"],["dc.contributor.author","Anders, Sven"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:12:24Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:12:24Z"],["dc.date.issued","2016"],["dc.description.abstract","ContextClinical reasoning is an essential skill, the foundations of which should be acquired during undergraduate medical education. Student performance in clinical reasoning can be assessed using key feature examinations. However, within a paradigm of test-enhanced learning, such examinations may also be used to enhance long-term retention ofprocedural knowledge relevant to clinical reasoning. ObjectivesThis study tested the hypothesis that repeated testing with key feature questions is more effective than repeated case-based learning in fostering clinical reasoning. MethodsIn this randomised crossover trial, Year4 medical students attended 10 weekly computer-based seminars during which patient case histories covering general medical conditions were displayed. The presentation format was switched between groups every week. In the control condition, students studied long case narratives. The intervention condition used the same content but augmented case presentation with a sequence of key feature questions. Using a within-subjects design, student performance on intervention and control items was assessed at 13weeks (exit examination) and 9months (retention test) after the first day of term. ResultsA total of 87 of 124 eligible students provided complete data for the longitudinal analysis (response rate: 70.2%). In the retention test, meanstandard deviation student scores on intervention items were significantly higher than those on control items (56.025.8% versus 48.8 +/- 24.7%; p<0.001). The results remained unchanged after accounting for exposure time in a linear regression analysis that also adjusted for sex and general student performance levels. ConclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate an effect of test-enhanced learning on clinical reasoning as assessed with key feature questions. In this randomised trial, repeated testing was more effective than repeated case-based learning alone. Curricular implementation of longitudinal key feature testing may considerably enhance student learning outcomes in relevant aspects of clinical medicine."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/medu.13069"],["dc.identifier.isi","000378731000006"],["dc.identifier.pmid","27295475"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/40228"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Wiley-blackwell"],["dc.relation.issn","1365-2923"],["dc.relation.issn","0308-0110"],["dc.title","Test-enhanced learning of clinical reasoning: a crossover randomised trial"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Addiction"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","109"],["dc.contributor.author","Brown, Jamie"],["dc.contributor.author","Michie, Susan"],["dc.contributor.author","Raupach, Tobias"],["dc.contributor.author","West, Robert"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:47:09Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:47:09Z"],["dc.date.issued","2014"],["dc.description.sponsorship","Cancer Research UK"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/add.12302"],["dc.identifier.isi","000328157300001"],["dc.identifier.pmid","23998918"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/35042"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Wiley-blackwell"],["dc.relation.issn","1360-0443"],["dc.relation.issn","0965-2140"],["dc.title","Should public health bodies stop commissioning research from market research companies that serve the tobacco industry?"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dc.type.subtype","letter_note"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1460"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","9"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Nicotine & Tobacco Research"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1467"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","22"],["dc.contributor.author","Garnett, Claire"],["dc.contributor.author","Shahab, Lion"],["dc.contributor.author","Raupach, Tobias"],["dc.contributor.author","West, Robert"],["dc.contributor.author","Brown, Jamie"],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-04-14T08:22:59Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-04-14T08:22:59Z"],["dc.date.issued","2019"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1093/ntr/ntz115"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/80762"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-399"],["dc.relation.eissn","1469-994X"],["dc.title","Understanding the Association Between Spontaneous Quit Attempts and Improved Smoking Cessation Success Rates: A Population Survey in England With 6-Month Follow-up"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","46"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Medical Internet Research"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","54"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","15"],["dc.contributor.author","Brown, Jamie"],["dc.contributor.author","Michie, Susan"],["dc.contributor.author","Raupach, Tobias"],["dc.contributor.author","West, Robert"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:27:11Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:27:11Z"],["dc.date.issued","2013"],["dc.description.abstract","Background: An accurate and up-to-date estimate of the potential reach of Internet-based smoking cessation interventions (ISCIs) would improve calculations of impact while an understanding of the characteristics of potential users would facilitate the design of interventions. Objective: This study reports the prevalence and the sociodemographic, smoking, and Internet-use characteristics of smokers interested in using ISCIs in a nationally representative sample. Methods: Data were collected using cross-sectional household surveys of representative samples of adults in England. Interest in trying an Internet site or \"app\" that was proven to help with stopping smoking was assessed in 1128 adult smokers in addition to sociodemographic characteristics, dependence, motivation to quit, previous attempts to quit smoking, Internet and handheld computer access, and recent types of information searched online. Results: Of a representative sample of current smokers, 46.6% (95% CI 43.5%-49.6%) were interested in using an Internet-based smoking cessation intervention. In contrast, only 0.3% (95% CI 0%-0.7%) of smokers reported having used such an intervention to support their most recent quit attempt within the past year. After adjusting for all other background characteristics, interested smokers were younger (OR=0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99), reported stronger urges (OR=1.29, 95% CI 1.10-1.51), were more motivated to quit within 3 months (OR=2.16, 95% CI 1.54-3.02), and were more likely to have made a quit attempt in the past year (OR=1.76, 95% CI 1.30-2.37), access the Internet at least weekly (OR=2.17, 95% CI 1.40-3.36), have handheld computer access (OR=1.65, 95% CI 1.22-2.24), and have used the Internet to search for online smoking cessation information or support in past 3 months (OR=2.82, 95% CI 1.20-6.62). There was no association with social grade. Conclusions: Almost half of all smokers in England are interested in using online smoking cessation interventions, yet fewer than 1% have used them to support a quit attempt in the past year. Interest is not associated with social grade but is associated with being younger, more highly motivated, more cigarette dependent, having attempted to quit recently, having regular Internet and handheld computer access, and having recently searched for online smoking cessation information and support."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.2196/jmir.2342"],["dc.identifier.isi","000319442300004"],["dc.identifier.pmid","23506944"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/30476"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Jmir Publications, Inc"],["dc.relation.issn","1438-8871"],["dc.title","Prevalence and Characteristics of Smokers Interested in Internet-Based Smoking Cessation Interventions: Cross-sectional Findings From a National Household Survey"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1214"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","7"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Addiction"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1215"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","109"],["dc.contributor.author","Brown, Jamie"],["dc.contributor.author","Michie, Susan"],["dc.contributor.author","Raupach, Tobias"],["dc.contributor.author","West, Robert"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:38:26Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:38:26Z"],["dc.date.issued","2014"],["dc.description.sponsorship","Cancer Research UK; Department of Health"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/add.12553"],["dc.identifier.isi","000337569200036"],["dc.identifier.pmid","24903302"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/33067"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Wiley-blackwell"],["dc.relation.issn","1360-0443"],["dc.relation.issn","0965-2140"],["dc.title","Animal Farm must give way to doublethink when studying addiction"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dc.type.subtype","letter_note"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","35"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Addiction"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","43"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","109"],["dc.contributor.author","Raupach, Tobias"],["dc.contributor.author","Brown, Jamie"],["dc.contributor.author","Herbec, Aleksandra"],["dc.contributor.author","Brose, Leonie S."],["dc.contributor.author","West, Robert"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:47:09Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:47:09Z"],["dc.date.issued","2014"],["dc.description.abstract","AimsLack of adherence to smoking cessation medication regimens is assumed to play a significant role in limiting their effectiveness. This study aimed to assess evidence for this assumption. MethodsA systematic search was conducted, supplemented by expert consultation, of papers reporting on randomized trials and observational studies examining the association between adherence to cessation medication and the success of quit attempts. To rule out reverse causality, only studies where adherence was assessed prior to relapse were included. Five studies met the inclusion criteria and results were extracted independently by two researchers. Heterogeneity between studies precluded a pooled analysis of the data. ResultsStudies varied widely with regard to both the definition of adherence and outcome measures. The included studies only addressed adherence to nicotine replacement therapy. One study of lozenge use found that the amount of medication used between 1 and 2 weeks after the quit date predicted abstinence at 6 weeks [adjusted odds ratio (OR) for high' versus low' lozenge use 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.05-1.50; P<0.02]. Similarly, one study found a significant impact of oral nicotine consumption during the first week on abstinence at 4 weeks (adjusted OR per additional mg/day=1.05; CI=1.01-1.10). Another study found that participants using nicotine replacement therapy for at least 5 weeks were significantly more likely to self-report continuous abstinence at 6 months. The remaining two studies failed to find a significant effect of treatment duration on outcome at 1 and 2 years but had very low power to detect such an effect. ConclusionsThere is modest evidence to support the assumption that lack of adherence to nicotine replacement therapy regimens undermines effectiveness in clinical studies."],["dc.description.sponsorship","Pfizer(R)"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/add.12319"],["dc.identifier.isi","000328157300007"],["dc.identifier.pmid","23919621"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/35043"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Wiley-blackwell"],["dc.relation.issn","1360-0443"],["dc.relation.issn","0965-2140"],["dc.title","A systematic review of studies assessing the association between adherence to smoking cessation medication and treatment success"],["dc.type","review"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","173"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Addiction"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","174"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","109"],["dc.contributor.author","Raupach, Tobias"],["dc.contributor.author","Krampe, Henning"],["dc.contributor.author","Brown, Jamie"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:44:45Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:44:45Z"],["dc.date.issued","2014"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/add.12357"],["dc.identifier.isi","000329551300003"],["dc.identifier.pmid","24164582"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/34463"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Wiley-blackwell"],["dc.relation.issn","1360-0443"],["dc.relation.issn","0965-2140"],["dc.title","Does research into medical education on tobacco and alcohol get the respect it deserves?"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dc.type.subtype","letter_note"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","525"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","5"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Current Opinion in Cardiology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","532"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","27"],["dc.contributor.author","Raupach, Tobias"],["dc.contributor.author","Brown, Jamie"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:06:44Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:06:44Z"],["dc.date.issued","2012"],["dc.description.abstract","Purpose of review Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of avoidable deaths worldwide, and half of these deaths are due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Physicians specialized in the management of CVD play a key role in ensuring that all smokers with cardiovascular disorders are offered best evidence support to help them quit smoking. This review summarizes recent findings on smoking as a risk factor for CVD, effects of smoking cessation on the prognosis of CVD patients, interactions between drug treatment for CVD and smoking, effective interventions to promote quitting in CVD patients and policy issues regarding tobacco control. Recent findings Smoking cessation following an acute cardiovascular event yields a substantial reduction in morbidity and mortality. Recent declines in CVD mortality were mainly a result of risk factor modification rather than improvement of medical treatments for CVD. The latter are also less effective in smokers than in nonsmokers, and smokers are at high risk of medication nonadherence. Effective interventions to support quit attempts in smokers with CVD are available. Cardiovascular specialists should encourage policy-makers to take appropriate tobacco control action. Summary Cardiovascular specialists are in a unique position to promote cardiovascular health at the individual as well as at a population level."],["dc.description.sponsorship","Pfizer; Johnson Johnson"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1097/HCO.0b013e328356db00"],["dc.identifier.isi","000307684300009"],["dc.identifier.pmid","22820104"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/25620"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Lippincott Williams & Wilkins"],["dc.relation.issn","0268-4705"],["dc.title","Treatment of tobacco addiction and the cardiovascular specialist"],["dc.type","review"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","760"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","9"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Medical Teacher"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","766"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","35"],["dc.contributor.author","Raupach, Tobias"],["dc.contributor.author","Brown, Jamie"],["dc.contributor.author","Wieland, Anna"],["dc.contributor.author","Anders, Sven"],["dc.contributor.author","Harendza, Sigrid"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:29:38Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:29:38Z"],["dc.date.issued","2013"],["dc.description.abstract","Background: Financial incentives are effective in moderating physician and patient behaviour, but they have not been studied in the context of medical education. Aim: This study assessed whether financial incentives can motivate students to acquire electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation skills. Methods: Students enrolled for a cardio-respiratory teaching module (n = 121) were randomised to an intervention (financial incentive) or a control (book voucher raffle) condition. All students took three validated exams of ECG interpretation skills (at module entry, module exit and seven weeks later). Only the exit exam was financially incentivised in the intervention group. The primary outcome was the proportion of students who correctly identified >= 60% of clinically important diagnoses in the exit exam. Results: Financial incentives more than doubled the odds of correctly identifying >= 60% of diagnoses in the exit exam (adjusted odds ratio 2.44, 95% confidence interval 1.05-5.67) and significantly increased student learning time. However, there was no significant effect on performance levels in the retention exam. Conclusions: Financial incentives increase reported learning time and examination results in the short-term. The lack of a sustained effect on performance suggests that financial incentives may foster a superficial or strategic rather than a deep approach to learning."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.3109/0142159X.2013.801942"],["dc.identifier.isi","000324770200016"],["dc.identifier.pmid","23808527"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/31090"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Informa Healthcare"],["dc.relation.issn","0142-159X"],["dc.title","Should we pay the student? A randomised trial of financial incentives in medical education"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","574"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Nicotine & Tobacco Research"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","580"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","24"],["dc.contributor.author","Garnett, Claire"],["dc.contributor.author","Brown, Jamie"],["dc.contributor.author","Shahab, Lion"],["dc.contributor.author","Raupach, Tobias"],["dc.contributor.author","Lindson, Nicola"],["dc.date.accessioned","2022-04-01T10:00:32Z"],["dc.date.available","2022-04-01T10:00:32Z"],["dc.date.issued","2021"],["dc.description.abstract","Abstract Introduction Observational and trial evidence conflict on the efficacy of two contrasting behavioral approaches to quitting smoking—gradual and abrupt. Observational data suggest an abrupt approach to quitting is superior to a gradual approach, whilst trials show no difference. One potential explanation is self-selection in observational data, whereby people can choose their quit approach, and those who find it harder to quit may be more likely to choose a gradual quit approach. This study aims to investigate potential explanations for these conflicting findings. Aims and Methods This study aims to investigate potential explanations for these conflicting findings. We used observational data from a nationally representative sample of adults in England from November 2006 to February 2020 who reported smoking and had made at least one quit attempt in the past year (n = 21 542). We used logistic regression models to assess the association between abrupt versus gradual quit attempts and quit success, adjusting for sociodemographic, smoking, and quit attempt characteristics. Findings Abrupt, versus gradual, attempts were associated with improved quit success in an unadjusted model (odds ratio = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.86 to 2.19). This association remained after adjusting for a broad range of relevant confounders (odds ratio = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.59 to 1.93). Conclusions Among a representative sample of adults who had smoked and made a quit attempt in the past year, there was evidence of an association between abrupt attempts and quit success before and after adjusting for relevant confounders. This suggests that the differences in quit success seen between abrupt and gradual quit attempt types are not completely driven by self-selection in observational data. Implications We investigated explanations for conflicting findings on the efficacy of gradual versus abrupt approaches to quitting smoking between trial and observational data. Despite adjusting observational data for sociodemographic, smoking, and quit attempt characteristics, an association between abrupt quitting and quit success remained. Therefore, differences in quit success were not completely driven by the self-selection of a gradual approach by people who found it especially difficult to quit or differences in the use of quitting aids. However, characteristics adjusted for were limited by the data available, and future research should continue to investigate the difference in findings across study types to inform cessation support."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1093/ntr/ntab239"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/105452"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI-Import GROB-530"],["dc.relation.eissn","1469-994X"],["dc.title","Potential Explanations for Conflicting Findings on Abrupt Versus Gradual Smoking Cessation: A Population Study in England"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]