Raupach, Tobias

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","e1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Drugs"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","e16"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","72"],["dc.contributor.author","Raupach, Tobias"],["dc.contributor.author","Hoogsteder, Philippe H. J."],["dc.contributor.author","Onno van Schayck, Constant P."],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-09T11:40:38Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-09T11:40:38Z"],["dc.date.issued","2012-03-05"],["dc.description.abstract","Tobacco smoking causes cardiovascular, respiratory and malignant disease, and stopping smoking is among the key medical interventions to lower the worldwide burden of these disorders. However, the addictive properties of cigarette smoking, including nicotine inhalation, render most quit attempts unsuccessful. Recommended therapies, including combinations of counselling and medication, produce long-term continuous abstinence rates of no more than 30%. Thus, more effective treatment options are needed. An intriguing novel therapeutic concept is vaccination against nicotine. The basic principle of this approach is that, after entering the systemic circulation, a substantial proportion of nicotine can be bound by antibodies. Once bound to antibodies, nicotine is no longer able to cross the blood-brain barrier. As a consequence, the rewarding effects of nicotine are diminished, and relapse to smoking is less likely to occur. Animal studies indicate that antibodies profoundly change the pharmacokinetics of the drug and can interfere with nicotine self-administration and impact on the severity of withdrawal symptoms. To date, five phase I/II clinical trials using vaccines against nicotine have been published. Results have been disappointing in that an increase in quit rates was only observed in small groups of smokers displaying particularly high antibody titres. The failure of encouraging preclinical data to completely translate to clinical studies may be partially explained by shortcomings of animal models of addiction and an incomplete understanding of the complex physiological and behavioural processes contributing to tobacco addiction. This review summarizes the current status of research and suggests some directions for the future development of vaccines against nicotine. Ideally, these vaccines could one day become part of a multifaceted approach to treating tobacco addiction that includes counselling and pharmacotherapy."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.2165/11599900-000000000-00000"],["dc.identifier.pmid","22356293"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/11169"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/58221"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.relation.issn","0012-6667"],["dc.rights","CC BY-NC-ND 3.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0"],["dc.subject.mesh","Animals"],["dc.subject.mesh","Blood-Brain Barrier"],["dc.subject.mesh","Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic"],["dc.subject.mesh","Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic"],["dc.subject.mesh","Humans"],["dc.subject.mesh","Smoking"],["dc.subject.mesh","Smoking Cessation"],["dc.subject.mesh","Tobacco Use Disorder"],["dc.subject.mesh","Vaccination"],["dc.subject.mesh","Vaccines"],["dc.title","Nicotine vaccines to assist with smoking cessation: current status of research."],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","GMS Zeitschrift für medizinische Ausbildung"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","30"],["dc.contributor.author","Raupach, Tobias"],["dc.contributor.author","Vogel, Daniela"],["dc.contributor.author","Schiekirka, Sarah"],["dc.contributor.author","Keijsers, Carolina"],["dc.contributor.author","Ten Cate, Olle"],["dc.contributor.author","Harendza, Sigrid"],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-09T11:40:10Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-09T11:40:10Z"],["dc.date.issued","2013"],["dc.description.abstract","AIMS: In Germany, the final year of undergraduate medical education ('practice year') consists of three 16-week clinical attachments, two of which are internal medicine and surgery. Students can choose a specific specialty for their third 16-week attachment. Practice year students do not receive specific teaching to prepare them for the National Licensing Examination. It is unknown whether knowledge levels increase during this year. This study aimed at assessing knowledge at the beginning and the end of the final year of medical school. METHODS: Three hundred pre-selected United States Medical Licensing Examination type items from ten medical disciplines were reviewed by ten recent medical graduates from the Netherlands and Germany. The resulting test included 150 items and was taken by 77 and 79 final year medical students from Göttingen and Hamburg at the beginning and the end of their practice year, respectively. RESULTS: Cronbach's α of the pre- and post-test was 0.75 and 0.68, respectively. Mean percent scores in the pre- and post-test were 63.9±6.9 and 69.4±5.7, respectively (p<0.001; effect size calculated as Cohen's d: 0.87). In individual students, post-test scores were particularly high for items related to their specific chosen specialty. CONCLUSION: The knowledge test used in this study provides a suitable external tool to assess progress of undergraduate medical students in their knowledge during the practice year. The pre-test may be used to guide individual learning behaviour during this final year of undergraduate education."],["dc.description.abstract","Zielsetzung: In Deutschland besteht das letzte Jahr des Studiums der Humanmedizin (\"Praktisches Jahr\", PJ) aus drei Tertialen von je 16 Wochen, von denen eines in der Inneren Medizin und eines in der Chirurgie abzuleisten ist. Die Fachrichtung des dritten Tertials von 16 Wochen kann von den Studierenden frei gewählt werden.Während des Praktischen Jahres findet keine gezielte Vorbereitung auf den schriftlichen Teil des Staatsexamens statt. Es ist unklar, inwieweit die Studierenden während des Praktischen Jahres auch neue Wissensinhalte erlernen. Ziel dieser Studie war es, zu Beginn und am Ende des Praktischen Jahres Wissensinhalte zu überprüfen. Methodik: Zehn Absolventen des Medizinstudiums in Deutschland und den Niederlanden trafen eine Auswahl aus 300 vorselektierten Fragen der US-amerikanischen Abschlussprüfung (USMLE), die zehn verschiedenen Fachrichtungen zugeordnet waren. Die ausgewählten 150 Fragen wurden im Rahmen zweier Tests PJ-Studierenden aus Göttingen und Hamburg vorgelegt: einmal zu Beginn (n=77 Studierende) und einmal am Ende des Praktischen Jahres (n=79). Ergebnisse: Die interne Konsistenz der beiden Tests (Cronbach’s α) betrug 0,75 (Prätest) bzw. 0,68 (Posttest). Der Anteil richtig beantwor- teter Fragen betrug im Prätest 63,9±6,9 und im Posttest 69,4±5,7 (p<0,001; Effektstärke als Cohen’s d: 0,87). Individuelle Studierende Abteilung für Geriatrische schnitten bei denjenigen Fragen besonders gut ab, die sich auf Inhalte ihres Wahlfachs bezogen. Schlussfolgerung: Der in dieser Studie verwendete Wissenstest eignet sich als externes Instrument zur Messung des Wissenszuwachses von Studierenden im Praktischen Jahr. Zudem kann der Prätest genutzt werden, um Studierende bei der Planung ihres Lernverhaltens während des Praktischen Jahres zu unterstützen."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.3205/zma000876"],["dc.identifier.fs","600114"],["dc.identifier.pmid","24062813"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/10720"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/58106"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.relation.issn","1860-3572"],["dc.rights","CC BY-NC-ND 3.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0"],["dc.subject.mesh","Adult"],["dc.subject.mesh","Clinical Competence"],["dc.subject.mesh","Education, Medical, Undergraduate"],["dc.subject.mesh","Educational Measurement"],["dc.subject.mesh","Female"],["dc.subject.mesh","General Surgery"],["dc.subject.mesh","Germany"],["dc.subject.mesh","Humans"],["dc.subject.mesh","Internal Medicine"],["dc.subject.mesh","Internship and Residency"],["dc.subject.mesh","Licensure, Medical"],["dc.subject.mesh","Male"],["dc.subject.mesh","Medicine"],["dc.subject.mesh","Preceptorship"],["dc.subject.mesh","Questionnaires"],["dc.title","Increase in medical knowledge during the final year of undergraduate medical education in Germany."],["dc.title.alternative","Wissenszuwachs im Praktischen Jahr des Medizinstudiums in Deutschland"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]