Schicktanz, Silke

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","56"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","BMC Medical Ethics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","19"],["dc.contributor.author","Schaper, Manuel"],["dc.contributor.author","Schicktanz, Silke"],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-09T11:45:31Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-09T11:45:31Z"],["dc.date.issued","2018"],["dc.description.abstract","Abstract Background BACKGROUND: Commercial genetic testing offered over the internet, known as direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC GT), currently is under ethical attack. A common critique aims at the limited validation of the tests as well as the risk of psycho-social stress or adaption of incorrect behavior by users triggered by misleading health information. Here, we examine in detail the specific role of advertising communication of DTC GT companies from a medical ethical perspective. Our argumentative analysis departs from the starting point that DTC GT operates at the intersection of two different contexts: medicine on the one hand and the market on the other. Both fields differ strongly with regard to their standards of communication practices and the underlying normative assumptions regarding autonomy and responsibility. METHODS: Following a short review of the ethical contexts of medical and commercial communication, we provide case examples for persuasive messages of DTC GT websites and briefly analyze their design with a multi-modal approach to illustrate some of their problematic implications. RESULTS: We observe three main aspects in DTC GT advertising communication: (1) the use of material suggesting medical professional legitimacy as a trust-establishing tool, (2) the suggestion of empowerment as a benefit of using DTC GT services and (3) the narrative of responsibility as a persuasive appeal to a moral self-conception. CONCLUSIONS: While strengthening and respecting the autonomy of a patient is the focus in medical communication, specifically genetic counselling, persuasive communication is the normal mode in marketing of consumer goods, presuming an autonomous, rational, independent consumer. This creates tension in the context of DTC GT regarding the expectation and normative assessment of communication strategies. Our analysis can even the ground for a better understanding of ethical problems associated with intersections of medical and commercial communication and point to perspectives of analysis of DTC GT advertising. Methods Following a short review of the ethical contexts of medical and commercial communication, we provide case examples for persuasive messages of DTC GT websites and briefly analyze their design with a multi-modal approach to illustrate some of their problematic implications. Results We observe three main aspects in DTC GT advertising communication: (1) the use of material suggesting medical professional legitimacy as a trust-establishing tool, (2) the suggestion of empowerment as a benefit of using DTC GT services and (3) the narrative of responsibility as a persuasive appeal to a moral self-conception. Conclusions While strengthening and respecting the autonomy of a patient is the focus in medical communication, specifically genetic counselling, persuasive communication is the normal mode in marketing of consumer goods, presuming an autonomous, rational, independent consumer. This creates tension in the context of DTC GT regarding the expectation and normative assessment of communication strategies. Our analysis can even the ground for a better understanding of ethical problems associated with intersections of medical and commercial communication and point to perspectives of analysis of DTC GT advertising."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1186/s12910-018-0292-3"],["dc.identifier.pmid","29871685"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/15235"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/59247"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.publisher","BioMed Central"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],["dc.title","Medicine, market and communication: ethical considerations in regard to persuasive communication in direct-to-consumer genetic testing services"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","31"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","40"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","22"],["dc.contributor.author","Schaper, Manuel"],["dc.contributor.author","Wöhlke, Sabine"],["dc.contributor.author","Schicktanz, Silke"],["dc.date.accessioned","2020-12-10T14:11:43Z"],["dc.date.available","2020-12-10T14:11:43Z"],["dc.date.issued","2018"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s11019-018-9837-y"],["dc.identifier.eissn","1572-8633"],["dc.identifier.issn","1386-7423"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/71180"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-354"],["dc.title","“I would rather have it done by a doctor”—laypeople’s perceptions of direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC GT) and its ethical implications"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","380"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Frontiers in Genetics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","10"],["dc.contributor.author","Wöhlke, Sabine"],["dc.contributor.author","Schaper, Manuel"],["dc.contributor.author","Schicktanz, Silke"],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-09T11:51:15Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-09T11:51:15Z"],["dc.date.issued","2019"],["dc.description.abstract","The interpretation of genetic information in clinical settings raises moral issues about adequate risk communication and individual responsibility about one’s health behavior. However, it is not well-known what role numeric probabilities and/or the conception of disease and genetics play in the lay understanding of predictive genetic diagnostics. This is an important question because lay understanding of genetic risk information might have particular implications for self-responsibility of the patients. Aim: Analysis of lay attitudes and risk perceptions of German lay people on genetic testing with a special focus on how they deal with the numerical information. Methods: We conducted and analyzed seven focus group discussions (FG) with lay people (n = 43). Results: Our participants showed a positive attitude toward predictive genetic testing. We identified four main topics: (1) Anumeric risk instead of statistical information; (2) Treatment options as a factor for risk evaluation; (3) Epistemic and aleatory uncertainty as moral criticism; (4) Ambivalence as a sign of uncertainty. Conclusion: For lay people, risk information, including the statistical numeric part, is perceived as highly normatively charged, often as an emotionally significant threat. It seems necessary to provide lay people with a deeper understanding of risk information and of the limitations of genetic knowledge with respect to one’s own health responsibility."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.3389/fgene.2019.00380"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/16087"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/59909"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.publisher","Frontiers Media S.A."],["dc.relation.eissn","1664-8021"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],["dc.subject.ddc","610"],["dc.title","How Uncertainty Influences Lay People’s Attitudes and Risk Perceptions Concerning Predictive Genetic Testing and Risk Communication"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","23"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Ethik in der Medizin"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","44"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","31"],["dc.contributor.author","Schaper, Manuel"],["dc.contributor.author","Hansen, Solveig Lena"],["dc.contributor.author","Schicktanz, Silke"],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-10-24T11:11:01Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-10-24T11:11:01Z"],["dc.date.issued","2018"],["dc.description.abstract","Der Beitrag analysiert Techniken öffentlicher Gesundheitskommunikation und skizziert im Ausblick Minimalbedingungen für ihre ethische Vertretbarkeit. Dazu wird erstens an einem aktuellen Beispiel veranschaulicht, wie mittels Text und Bild die Öffentlichkeit überzeugt werden soll, ein bestimmtes Gesundheitsverhalten an den Tag zu legen. Zweitens werden anhand der internationalen Ethik-Debatte fünf Grundtypen von Techniken in der Gesundheitskommunikation (Information, Argumentation, Persuasion, Manipulation und Zwang) rekonstruiert und entlang von Mittel, Zweck, Folgen für Adressaten sowie Implikationen für Autonomie aus ethischer Sicht unterschieden. Am besonders ambivalenten Beispiel der Persuasion wird dann drittens diskutiert, welche ethischen Fallstricke es bei Gesundheitskommunikation zu bedenken gibt. Schließlich zeigen wir argumentativ auf, dass es in sensiblen bioethischen Themenfeldern wichtig ist, zwischen verschiedenen Techniken der Gesundheitskommunikation analytisch zu differenzieren. Ziel sollte die Ermöglichung einer fairen und transparenten Diskussion für breite Bevölkerungsgruppen sein."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s00481-018-0507-7"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/62521"],["dc.language.iso","de"],["dc.relation.issn","0935-7335"],["dc.relation.issn","1437-1618"],["dc.title","Überreden für die gute Sache? Techniken öffentlicher Gesundheitskommunikation und ihre ethischen Implikationen"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Frontiers in Genetics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","11"],["dc.contributor.author","Wöhlke, Sabine"],["dc.contributor.author","Schaper, Manuel"],["dc.contributor.author","Oliveri, Serena"],["dc.contributor.author","Cutica, Ilaria"],["dc.contributor.author","Spinella, Francesca"],["dc.contributor.author","Pravettoni, Gabriella"],["dc.contributor.author","Steinberger, Daniela"],["dc.contributor.author","Schicktanz, Silke"],["dc.date.accessioned","2020-12-10T18:44:24Z"],["dc.date.available","2020-12-10T18:44:24Z"],["dc.date.issued","2020"],["dc.description.abstract","Genetic information is increasingly provided outside of the traditional clinical setting, allowing users to access it directly via specialized online platforms. This development is possibly resulting in changing ethical and social challenges for users of predictive genetic tests. Little is known about the attitudes and experiences of users of web-accessed genetic information. This survey analyzes data from two European countries with regard to the utility of genetic information, the users’ ways of making use of and dealing with information, and their sharing behavior. Particular focus is given to ethical and social questions regarding the motivation to share personal genetic results with others. Social factors tested for are national background, gender, and marital, parental, and educational status. This study will contribute to public discourse and offer ethical recommendations. The study will also serve to validate the developed questionnaire for use in population representative surveys."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.3389/fgene.2020.00102"],["dc.identifier.eissn","1664-8021"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/17397"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/78436"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-354"],["dc.publisher","Frontiers Media S.A."],["dc.relation.eissn","1664-8021"],["dc.rights","http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],["dc.title","German and Italian Users of Web-Accessed Genetic Data: Attitudes on Personal Utility and Personal Sharing Preferences. Results of a Comparative Survey (n=192)"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","18"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Frontiers in Sociology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","1"],["dc.contributor.author","Leefmann, Jon"],["dc.contributor.author","Schaper, Manuel"],["dc.contributor.author","Schicktanz, Silke"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-10-09T07:46:46Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-10-09T07:46:46Z"],["dc.date.issued","2017"],["dc.description.abstract","The acquisition of genetic information (GI) confronts both the affected individuals and healthcare providers with difficult, ambivalent decisions. Genetic responsibility (GR) has become a key concept in both ethical and socioempirical literature addressing how and by whom decision-making with respect to the morality of GI is approached. However, despite its prominence, the precise meaning of the concept of GR remains vague. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review on the usage of the concept of GR in qualitative, socioempirical studies, to identify the main interpretations and to provide conceptual clarification. The review identified 75 studies with primarily an Anglo-American setting. The studies focused on several agents: the individual, the family, the parent, the healthcare professional, and the institution and refer to the concept of GR on the basis of either a rational/principle-oriented approach or an affective/relational approach. A subtype of the rational/principle-oriented approach is the reactive approach. The review shows how the concept of GR is useful for analyzing and theorizing about socioempirical findings within qualitative socioempirical studies and also reveals conceptual deficits in terms of insufficient theoretical accuracy and heterogeneity, and in the rarity of reflection on cultural variance. The vagueness and multiplicity of meanings for GR in socioempirical studies can be avoided by more normative-theoretical explication of the underlying premises. This would provide a higher degree of differentiation of empirical findings. Thereby, the complex findings associated with the individual and social implications of genetic testing in empirical studies can be better addressed from a theoretical point of view and can subsequently have a stronger impact on normative and policy debates."],["dc.fs.pkfprnr","67230"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.3389/fsoc.2016.00018"],["dc.identifier.fs","633079"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/15899"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DeepGreen Import"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.publisher","Frontiers Media S.A."],["dc.relation.eissn","2297-7775"],["dc.rights","http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],["dc.title","The Concept of “Genetic Responsibility” and Its Meanings: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Medical Sociology Literature"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]