Grimm, Michael

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","S27"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Review of Income and Wealth"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","S53"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","57"],["dc.contributor.author","Grimm, Michael"],["dc.contributor.author","Krueger, Jens"],["dc.contributor.author","Lay, Jann"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:56:21Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:56:21Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","This paper investigates the patterns of capital entry barriers and capital returns in informal micro and small enterprises (MSEs) using a unique micro dataset for seven West African countries. Our findings support the view of a heterogeneous informal sector that is not primarily host to subsistence activities. While an assessment of initial investment identifies some informal activities with negligible entry barriers, a notable cost of entry is associated with most activities. We find very heterogeneous patterns of capital returns in informal MSEs. At very low levels of capital, marginal returns are extremely high-often exceeding 70 percent per month. Above a capital stock of 150 International Dollars, marginal returns are found to be relatively low at around 4-7 percent monthly. We provide some evidence that the high returns at low capital stocks reflect high risks. At the same time, most MSEs appear to be severely capital constrained."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/j.1475-4991.2011.00453.x"],["dc.identifier.isi","000290432100003"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/23130"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Wiley-blackwell"],["dc.relation.issn","0034-6586"],["dc.title","BARRIERS TO ENTRY AND RETURNS TO CAPITAL IN INFORMAL ACTIVITIES: EVIDENCE FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","815"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","5"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","European Journal of Development Research"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","829"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","25"],["dc.contributor.author","Grimm, Michael"],["dc.contributor.author","Hartwig, Renate"],["dc.contributor.author","Lay, Jann"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:17:22Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:17:22Z"],["dc.date.issued","2013"],["dc.description.abstract","Although it is widely accepted that electricity access is important for enterprise performance, the empirical evidence on the subject is mixed. In addition, evidence is scarce for micro and small enterprises operating in the informal sector. On the basis of a representative sample of informal firms in seven West African cities, we do not find evidence of a systematic, significant contribution of electricity access to enterprise performance. However, concentrating on a more homogeneous sample of tailors in Ouagadougou, we find that electricity can potentially exert a positive influence on performance, with electricity contributing to the uptake of modern machinery and business operation. Our findings are another illustration of the heterogeneity of the informal sector, which needs to be taken into account when policy interventions intend to overcome the growth constraints of firms operating in this segment of the economy."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1057/ejdr.2013.16"],["dc.identifier.isi","000326888300009"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/28147"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Palgrave Macmillan Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","1743-9728"],["dc.relation.issn","0957-8811"],["dc.title","Electricity Access and the Performance of Micro and Small Enterprises: Evidence from West Africa"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1352"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","7"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","World Development"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1368"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","40"],["dc.contributor.author","Grimm, Michael"],["dc.contributor.author","Knorringa, Peter"],["dc.contributor.author","Lay, Jann"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:09:04Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:09:04Z"],["dc.date.issued","2012"],["dc.description.abstract","The informal sector is typically characterized as being very heterogeneous and possibly composed of two clearly distinct segments, sometimes called the lower and upper tier. However, empirical evidence shows that even among lower tier entrepreneurs profitability can be quite high. We combine these findings and develop an innovative approach to identify what we call \"constrained gazelles\", next to the well-known survivalists in the lower tier and growth-oriented top-performers in the upper tier. Our sample of informal entrepreneurs in seven West-African countries allows to link the relative size of these three groups to the structural and macroeconomic environment in these countries. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.03.009"],["dc.identifier.isi","000304585000006"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/26179"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","0305-750X"],["dc.title","Constrained Gazelles: High Potentials in West Africa's Informal Economy"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","94"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Labour Economics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","110"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","33"],["dc.contributor.author","Dodlova, Marina"],["dc.contributor.author","Goebel, Kristin"],["dc.contributor.author","Grimm, Michael"],["dc.contributor.author","Lay, Jann"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:58:53Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:58:53Z"],["dc.date.issued","2015"],["dc.description.abstract","We present a multi-period model of capital accumulation in order to investigate microenterprise (ME) production dynamics in a developing country context characterized by credit constraints and risk. These constraints are reflected in marginal returns to capital above market interest rates and we show that capital accumulation is faster in MEs with higher productivity, higher initial wealth and less risk exposure. We test our predictions using panel data for Peruvian MEs from 2002 to 2006. We indeed find high marginal returns to capital and sizable effects of household non-business wealth and, in contrast to previous studies, risk on capital accumulation in MEs. The findings of this paper can serve as a basis for the promotion of combined credit and risk management devices to enhance private sector development. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.labeco.2015.01.006"],["dc.identifier.isi","000354144200009"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/37464"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Science Bv"],["dc.relation.issn","1879-1034"],["dc.relation.issn","0927-5371"],["dc.title","Constrained firms, not subsistence activities: Evidence on capital returns and accumulation in Peruvian microenterprises"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","437"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","European Journal of Development Research"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","455"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","26"],["dc.contributor.author","Vaillant, Julia"],["dc.contributor.author","Grimm, Michael"],["dc.contributor.author","Lay, Jann"],["dc.contributor.author","Roubaud, Francois"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:36:07Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:36:07Z"],["dc.date.issued","2014"],["dc.description.abstract","This article examines the dynamics of the informal sector in Madagascar during the 1995-2004 period, which was characterized by sustained growth that ended due to a major political crisis. As conventionally assumed by simple dualistic models, the informal sector indeed fulfils a labor-absorbing function in times of crisis. However, informal business creation was also a major trend both during macroeconomic growth and during crisis and recovery. Growth in the informal sector was mostly extensive, with little job creation or capital accumulation. Although such a situation would be consistent with the existence of poverty traps, estimated marginal returns to capital are decreasing, which tends to reject this hypothesis."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1057/ejdr.2014.29"],["dc.identifier.isi","000341122800004"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/32538"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Palgrave Macmillan Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","1743-9728"],["dc.relation.issn","0957-8811"],["dc.title","Informal sector dynamics in times of fragile growth: The case of Madagascar"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]