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Radiographic alveolar bone loss in German patients with disabilities and treatment in general anesthesia
Date Issued
2019-09-16
Author(s)
DOI
10.3238/dzz-int.2019.0195-0203
Abstract
Introduction: The cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the periodontal status of German adult patients with disabilities (intellectual, physical, and/or dementia) requiring dental treatment in general anesthesia.
Material and Methods: Between 2011 and 2017, 206 patients received dental treatment(s) in general anesthesia. Periodontal status was retrospectively assessed based on the radiographically visible alveolar bone loss (%). Staging and grading of periodontal disease according to the 2017 classification for periodontal disease was performed. Various general and periodontal parameters, medications, and diagnoses of systemic diseases in association with periodontal diseases were analyzed as potential risk factors for bone loss. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlations, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and multiple linear regressions (p < 0.05).
Results: Periapical radiographs were available from 199 patients (86 females; age: 41.1 ± 15.0 years). Based on a distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the marginal bone level exceeding 2 mm, 174 (87.4 %) patients were diagnosed with periodontitis (22.4 ± 20.6 % bone loss). Most periodontitis patients were classified as stage I (39.7 %), followed by stage II (29.1 %), stage III (14.1 %), and stage IV (4.5 %). Generalized periodontitis was most frequently observed in stage I patients (p ≤ 0.047). Significant predictors of % bone loss were age (β = 0.65; 95%-CI: 0.40–0.89; p < 0.001), intellectual disability (β = 11.87; 95%-CI: 1.21–22.52; p = 0.029), and smoking/nicotine dependence (β = 17.29; 95%-CI: 3.42–31.16; p = 0.015).
Conclusion: Periodontal disease is common in German patients with disabilities. Bone loss is associated with older age, intellectual disability, and smoking/nicotine dependence.
Material and Methods: Between 2011 and 2017, 206 patients received dental treatment(s) in general anesthesia. Periodontal status was retrospectively assessed based on the radiographically visible alveolar bone loss (%). Staging and grading of periodontal disease according to the 2017 classification for periodontal disease was performed. Various general and periodontal parameters, medications, and diagnoses of systemic diseases in association with periodontal diseases were analyzed as potential risk factors for bone loss. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlations, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and multiple linear regressions (p < 0.05).
Results: Periapical radiographs were available from 199 patients (86 females; age: 41.1 ± 15.0 years). Based on a distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the marginal bone level exceeding 2 mm, 174 (87.4 %) patients were diagnosed with periodontitis (22.4 ± 20.6 % bone loss). Most periodontitis patients were classified as stage I (39.7 %), followed by stage II (29.1 %), stage III (14.1 %), and stage IV (4.5 %). Generalized periodontitis was most frequently observed in stage I patients (p ≤ 0.047). Significant predictors of % bone loss were age (β = 0.65; 95%-CI: 0.40–0.89; p < 0.001), intellectual disability (β = 11.87; 95%-CI: 1.21–22.52; p = 0.029), and smoking/nicotine dependence (β = 17.29; 95%-CI: 3.42–31.16; p = 0.015).
Conclusion: Periodontal disease is common in German patients with disabilities. Bone loss is associated with older age, intellectual disability, and smoking/nicotine dependence.
