Lang, Nicolas

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","2220"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","11"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Clinical Neurophysiology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","2222"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","114"],["dc.contributor.author","Nitsche, M. A."],["dc.contributor.author","Liebetanz, David"],["dc.contributor.author","Lang, N."],["dc.contributor.author","Antal, Andrea"],["dc.contributor.author","Tergau, Frithjof"],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:34:56Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:34:56Z"],["dc.date.issued","2003"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/S1388-2457(03)00235-9"],["dc.identifier.isi","000186563700026"],["dc.identifier.pmid","14580622"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/44984"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Sci Ireland Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","1388-2457"],["dc.title","Safety criteria for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in humans"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dc.type.subtype","letter_note"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","5782"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","12"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","5787"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","48"],["dc.contributor.author","Lang, Nicolas"],["dc.contributor.author","Siebner, Hartwig Roman"],["dc.contributor.author","Chadaide, Zoltan"],["dc.contributor.author","Boros, Klara"],["dc.contributor.author","Nitsche, Michael A."],["dc.contributor.author","Rothwell, John C."],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.contributor.author","Antal, Andrea"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:48:26Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:48:26Z"],["dc.date.issued","2007"],["dc.description.abstract","PURPOSE. In the motor cortex (M1), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can effectively prime excitability changes that are evoked by a subsequent train of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The authors examined whether tDCS can also prime the cortical response to rTMS in the human visual cortex. METHODS. In nine healthy subjects, the authors applied tDCS ( 10 minutes; +/- 1 mA) to the occipital cortex. After tDCS, they applied a 20-second train of 5 Hz rTMS at 90% of phosphene threshold ( PT) intensity. A similar rTMS protocol had previously demonstrated a strong priming effect of tDCS on rTMSinduced excitability changes in M1. PTs were determined with single-pulse TMS before and immediately after tDCS and twice after rTMS. RESULTS. Anodal tDCS led to a transient decrease in PT, and subsequent 5 Hz rTMS induced an earlier return of the PT back to baseline. Cathodal tDCS produced a short-lasting increase in PT, but 5 Hz rTMS did not influence the tDCS-induced increase in PT. In a control experiment on four subjects, a 20-second train of occipital 5 Hz rTMS left the PT unchanged, whereas a 60-second train produced a similar decrease in PT as anodal tDCS alone. CONCLUSIONS. Compared with previous work on the M1, tDCS and rTMS of the visual cortex only produce short-lasting changes in cortical excitability. Moreover, the priming effects of tDCS on subsequent rTMS conditioning are relatively modest. These discrepancies point to substantial differences in the modifiability of human motor and visual cortex."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1167/iovs.07-0706"],["dc.identifier.isi","000251450800055"],["dc.identifier.pmid","18055832"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/48190"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Assoc Research Vision Ophthalmology Inc"],["dc.relation.issn","0146-0404"],["dc.title","Bidirectional modulation of primary visual cortex excitability: A combined tDCS and rTMS study"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","2802"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","6"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Neurophysiology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","2810"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","105"],["dc.contributor.author","Lang, Nicolas"],["dc.contributor.author","Nitsche, Michael A."],["dc.contributor.author","Dileone, Michele"],["dc.contributor.author","Mazzone, Paolo"],["dc.contributor.author","De Andres-Ares, Javier"],["dc.contributor.author","Diaz-Jara, Luis"],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.contributor.author","Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo"],["dc.contributor.author","Oliviero, Antonio"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:55:20Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:55:20Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","Lang N, Nitsche MA, Dileone M, Mazzone P, De Andres-Ares J, Diaz-Jara L, Paulus W, Di Lazzaro V, Oliviero A. Transcranial direct current stimulation effects on I-wave activity in humans. J Neurophysiol 105: 2802-2810, 2011. First published March 23, 2011; doi: 10.1152/jn.00617.2010.-Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the human cerebral cortex modulates cortical excitability noninvasively in a polarity-specific manner: anodal tDCS leads to lasting facilitation and cathodal tDCS to inhibition of motor cortex excitability. To further elucidate the underlying physiological mechanisms, we recorded corticospinal volleys evoked by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex before and after a 5-min period of anodal or cathodal tDCS in eight conscious patients who had electrodes implanted in the cervical epidural space for the control of pain. The effects of anodal tDCS were evaluated in six subjects and the effects of cathodal tDCS in five subjects. Three subjects were studied with both polarities. Anodal tDCS increased the excitability of cortical circuits generating I waves in the corticospinal system, including the earliest wave (I1 wave), whereas cathodal tDCS suppressed later I waves. The motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude changes immediately following tDCS periods were in agreement with the effects produced on intracortical circuitry. The results deliver additional evidence that tDCS changes the excitability of cortical neurons."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1152/jn.00617.2010"],["dc.identifier.isi","000291716900017"],["dc.identifier.pmid","21430275"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/22876"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Amer Physiological Soc"],["dc.relation.issn","0022-3077"],["dc.title","Transcranial direct current stimulation effects on I-wave activity in humans"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","206"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Brain Stimulation"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","223"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","1"],["dc.contributor.author","Nitsche, Michael A."],["dc.contributor.author","Cohen, Leonardo G."],["dc.contributor.author","Wassermann, Eric M."],["dc.contributor.author","Priori, Alberto"],["dc.contributor.author","Lang, Nicolas"],["dc.contributor.author","Antal, Andrea"],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.contributor.author","Hummel, Friedhelm C."],["dc.contributor.author","Boggio, Paulo Sergio"],["dc.contributor.author","Fregni, Felipe"],["dc.contributor.author","Pascual-Leone, Alvaro"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:13:16Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:13:16Z"],["dc.date.issued","2008"],["dc.description.abstract","Effects of weak electrical currents oil brain and neuronal function were first described decades ago. Recently. DC polarization of the brain was reintroduced as a noninvasive technique to alter cortical activity in humans. Beyond this, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of different cortical areas has been shown, ill various Studies. to result in modifications of perceptual. cognitive, and behavioral functions. Moreover, preliminary data suggest that it can induce beneficial effects in brain disorders. Brain stimulation with weak direct Currents is a promising tool in human neuroscience and neurobehavioral research. To facilitate and standardize future tDCS Studies, we offer this overview of the state of the art for tDCS. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.004"],["dc.identifier.isi","000262716800008"],["dc.identifier.pmid","20633386"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/53850"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Science Inc"],["dc.relation.issn","1935-861X"],["dc.title","Transcranial direct current stimulation: State of the art 2008"],["dc.type","review"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1915"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","11"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Clinical Neurophysiology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1921"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","121"],["dc.contributor.author","Rothkegel, Holger"],["dc.contributor.author","Sommer, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.contributor.author","Lang, N."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:37:23Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:37:23Z"],["dc.date.issued","2010"],["dc.description.abstract","Objective: The intensity of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is typically adjusted by changing the amplitude of the induced electrical field, while its duration is fixed. Here we examined the influence of two different pulse durations on several physiological parameters of primary motor cortex excitability obtained using single pulse TMS. Methods: A Magstim Bistim(2) stimulator was used to produce TMS pulses of two distinct durations. For either pulse duration we measured, in healthy volunteers, resting and active motor thresholds, recruitment curves of motor evoked potentials in relaxed and contracting hand muscles as well as contralateral (cSP) and ipsilateral (iSP) cortical silent periods. Results: Motor thresholds decreased by 20% using a 1.4 times longer TMS pulse compared to the standard pulse, while there was no significant effect on threshold adjusted measurements of cortical excitability. The longer pulse duration reduced pulse-to-pulse variability in cSP. Conclusions: The strength of a TMS pulse can be adjusted both by amplitude or pulse duration. TMS pulse duration does not affect threshold-adjusted single pulse measures of motor cortex excitability. Significance: Using longer TMS pulses might be an alternative in subjects with very high motor threshold. Pulse duration might not be relevant as long as TMS intensity is threshold-adapted. This is important when comparing studies performed with different stimulator types. (C) 2010 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved."],["dc.description.sponsorship","DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [SO 429/2-2]; Rose Foundation"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.clinph.2010.04.006"],["dc.identifier.isi","000282158200017"],["dc.identifier.pmid","20444645"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/18520"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Ireland Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","1388-2457"],["dc.title","Impact of pulse duration in single pulse TMS"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","2122"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","8"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Neuropsychologia"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","2128"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","46"],["dc.contributor.author","Kuo, Min-Fang"],["dc.contributor.author","Unger, Mandy"],["dc.contributor.author","Liebetanz, David"],["dc.contributor.author","Lang, Nicolas"],["dc.contributor.author","Tergau, Frithjof"],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.contributor.author","Nitsche, Michael A."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:20:28Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:20:28Z"],["dc.date.issued","2008"],["dc.description.abstract","Neuroplasticity is the adaptive modification of network connectivity in response to environmental demands and has been identified as a major physiological correlate of learning. Since unrestricted neuroplastic modifications of network connectivity will result in a cle-stabilization of the system, metaplastic modification rules have been proposed for keeping plastic connectivity changes within a useful dynamic range. In this connection, the modification threshold to achieve synaptic strengthening is thought to correlate negatively with the history of activity of the respective neurons, i.e. high previous activity enhances the threshold for synaptic strengthening and vice versa. However, the relevance of metaplasticity for actual learning processes has not been tested so far. We reduced or enhanced motor cortex excitability before performance of the serial reaction time task (SRTT), a sequential motor learning paradigm, and a reaction time task (RTT) by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). If homeostatic rules apply, excitability-diminishing cathodal tDCS should improve subsequent motor learning, especially if combined with the partial NMDA receptor-agoniSt D-cycloserine, which selectively enhances efficacy of active receptors, while excitability-enhancing anodal tDCS should reduce it. Only the results for anodal tDCS, when combined with D-cycloserine, were in accordance with the rules of homeostatic plasticity. We conclude that homeostatic plasticity, as tested here, has a limited influence on implicit sequential motor learning. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.02.023"],["dc.identifier.isi","000257530800002"],["dc.identifier.pmid","18394661"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/55544"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","0028-3932"],["dc.title","Limited impact of homeostatic plasticity on motor learning in humans"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","620"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","5"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Muscle & Nerve"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","624"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","35"],["dc.contributor.author","Quartarone, Angelo"],["dc.contributor.author","Lang, Nicolas"],["dc.contributor.author","Rizzo, Vincenzo"],["dc.contributor.author","Bagnato, Sergio"],["dc.contributor.author","Morgante, Francesca"],["dc.contributor.author","Sant'Angelo, Antonino"],["dc.contributor.author","Crupi, Domenica"],["dc.contributor.author","Battaglia, Fortunato"],["dc.contributor.author","Messina, Corrado"],["dc.contributor.author","Girlanda, Paolo"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:02:56Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:02:56Z"],["dc.date.issued","2007"],["dc.description.abstract","The aim of this study was to identify a neurophysiological marker of upper motoneuron involvement in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). For this purpose we evaluated the after-effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) on excitability of the motor cortex of eight ALS patients and eight healthy controls. Healthy controls showed a transient polarity-specific change in corticospinal excitability of about +/- 45%, with anodal tDCS inducing facilitation and cathodal tDCS leading to inhibition, whereas no change could be induced in AILS patients after either type of tDCS. It is likely that the lack of tDCS after-effects in ALS is the result of alterations of the motoneuronal membrane or, alternatively, may represent an electrophysiological correlate of disordered glutamate neurotransmission. Further studies are warranted to confirm these results. The present findings may lead to a new, reliable electrophysiological marker of upper motoneuronal involvement in ALS."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1002/mus.20737"],["dc.identifier.isi","000246052700007"],["dc.identifier.pmid","17221883"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/51500"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","John Wiley & Sons Inc"],["dc.relation.issn","0148-639X"],["dc.title","Motor cortex abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with transcranial direct-current stimulation"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","323"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Experimental Brain Research"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","333"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","164"],["dc.contributor.author","Tings, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Lang, N."],["dc.contributor.author","Tergau, Frithjof"],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.contributor.author","Sommer, M."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:07:06Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:07:06Z"],["dc.date.issued","2005"],["dc.description.abstract","Specific stimulation of neuronal circuits may promote selective inhibition or facilitation of corticospinal tract excitability. Monophasic stimulation is more likely to achieve direction-specific neuronal excitation. In 10 healthy subjects, we compared four types of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), monophasic and biphasic stimuli with the initial current in the brain flowing antero-posteriorly (\"posteriorly directed\") or postero-anteriorly (\"anteriorly directed\"). We applied rTMS over the primary motor cortex contralateral to the dominant hand, using 80 stimuli at 5 Hz frequency at an intensity yielding baseline motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes of 1 mV. Monophasic stimulation was always more efficient than biphasic. Facilitation was induced by intracerebral anteriorly directed current flow and inhibition by posteriorly oriented current flow, although only initially for approximately 30 pulses. The early inhibition was absent when studied during a tonic muscle contraction. Several mechanisms could account for these findings. They include a more efficient excitation of inhibiting circuits by posteriorly oriented pulses, and a back-propagating D-wave inhibiting early I-waves and thus inducing early inhibition of MEP amplitude. In any case biphasic rTMS results can be explained by a mixture of monophasic opposite stimulations. We propose the use of monophasic pulses for maximizing effects during rTMS."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s00221-005-2253-6"],["dc.identifier.isi","000230625100005"],["dc.identifier.pmid","15868175"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/25712"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Springer"],["dc.relation.issn","0014-4819"],["dc.title","Orientation-specific fast rTMS maximizes corticospinal inhibition and facilitation"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","3060"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","12"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Neurophysiology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","3066"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","109"],["dc.contributor.author","Sommer, Martin"],["dc.contributor.author","Rummel, Milena"],["dc.contributor.author","Norden, Christoph"],["dc.contributor.author","Rothkegel, Holger"],["dc.contributor.author","Lang, Nicolas"],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:23:55Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:23:55Z"],["dc.date.issued","2013"],["dc.description.abstract","Our knowledge about the mechanisms of human motor cortex facilitation induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is still incomplete. Here we used pharmacological conditioning with carbamazepine, dextrometorphan, lorazepam, and placebo to elucidate the type of plasticity underlying this facilitation, and to probe if mechanisms reminiscent of long-term potentiation are involved. Over the primary motor cortex of 10 healthy subjects, we applied biphasic rTMS pulses of effective posterior current direction in the brain. We used six blocks of 200 pulses at 5-Hz frequency and 90% active motor threshold intensity and controlled for corticospinal excitability changes using motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes and latencies elicited by suprathreshold pulses before, in between, and after rTMS. Target muscle was the dominant abductor digiti minimi muscle; we coregistered the dominant extensor carpi radialis muscle. We found a lasting facilitation induced by this type of rTMS. The GABAergic medication lorazepam and to a lesser extent the ion channel blocker carbamazepine reduced the MEP facilitation after biphasic effective posteriorly oriented rTMS, whereas the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-antagonist dextrometorphan had no effect. Our main conclusion is that the mechanism of the facilitation induced by biphasic effective posterior rTMS is more likely posttetanic potentiation than long-term potentiation. Additional findings were prolonged MEP latency under carbamazepine, consistent with sodium channel blockade, and larger MEP amplitudes from extensor carpi radialis under lorazepam, suggesting GABAergic involvement in the center-surround balance of excitability."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1152/jn.01089.2012"],["dc.identifier.isi","000320443300018"],["dc.identifier.pmid","23536708"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/29699"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Amer Physiological Soc"],["dc.relation.issn","0022-3077"],["dc.title","Mechanisms of human motor cortex facilitation induced by subthreshold 5-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","879"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Neuropsychopharmacology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","886"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","36"],["dc.contributor.author","Thirugnanasambandam, Nivethida"],["dc.contributor.author","Grundey, Jessica"],["dc.contributor.author","Adam, Kim"],["dc.contributor.author","Drees, Anne"],["dc.contributor.author","Skwirba, Angela C."],["dc.contributor.author","Lang, Nicolas"],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.contributor.author","Nitsche, Michael A."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:59:06Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:59:06Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","Nicotine improves cognitive performance and modulates neuroplasticity in brain networks. The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying nicotine-induced behavioral changes have been sparsely studied, especially in humans. Global cholinergic activation focuses on plasticity in humans. However, the specific contribution of nicotinic receptors to these effects is unclear. Henceforth, we explored the impact of nicotine on non-focal neuroplasticity induced by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and focal, synapse-specific plasticity induced by paired associative stimulation (PAS) in healthy non-smoking individuals. Forty-eight subjects participated in the study. Each subject received placebo and nicotine patches combined with one of the stimulation protocols to the primary motor cortex in different sessions. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-elicited motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes were recorded as a measure of corticospinal excitability until the evening of the second day following the stimulation. Nicotine abolished or reduced both PAS-and tDCS-induced inhibitory neuroplasticity. Non-focal facilitatory plasticity was also abolished, whereas focal facilitatory plasticity was slightly prolonged by nicotine. Thus, nicotinergic influence on facilitatory, but not inhibitory plasticity mimics that of global cholinergic enhancement. Therefore, activating nicotinic receptors has clearly discernable effects from global cholinergic activation. These nicotine-generated plasticity alterations might be important for the effects of the drug on cognitive function. Neuropsychopharmacology (2011) 36, 879-886; doi:10.1038/npp.2010.227; published online 15 December 2010"],["dc.description.sponsorship","Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [NI683/4-1, NI 683/4-2]"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1038/npp.2010.227"],["dc.identifier.isi","000287188200016"],["dc.identifier.pmid","21160466"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/23807"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Nature Publishing Group"],["dc.relation.issn","0893-133X"],["dc.title","Nicotinergic Impact on Focal and Non-Focal Neuroplasticity Induced by Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Non-Smoking Humans"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]