Frank, Thomas

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","411"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Nature Neuroscience"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","413"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","14"],["dc.contributor.author","Nouvian, Régis"],["dc.contributor.author","Neef, Jakob"],["dc.contributor.author","Bulankina, Anna V"],["dc.contributor.author","Reisinger, Ellen"],["dc.contributor.author","Pangršič, Tina"],["dc.contributor.author","Frank, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Sikorra, Stefan"],["dc.contributor.author","Brose, Nils"],["dc.contributor.author","Binz, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Moser, Tobias"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:44:19Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:44:19Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","SNARE proteins mediate membrane fusion. Neurosecretion depends on neuronal soluble NSF attachment protein receptors ( SNAREs; SNAP-25, syntaxin-1, and synaptobrevin-1 or synaptobrevin-2) and is blocked by neurotoxin-mediated cleavage or genetic ablation. We found that exocytosis in mouse inner hair cells (IHCs) was insensitive to neurotoxins and genetic ablation of neuronal SNAREs. mRNA, but no synaptically localized protein, of neuronal SNAREs was present in IHCs. Thus, IHC exocytosis is unconventional and may operate independently of neuronal SNAREs."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1038/nn.2774"],["dc.identifier.gro","3142757"],["dc.identifier.isi","000288849400007"],["dc.identifier.pmid","21378973"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/196"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","WoS Import 2017-03-10"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","PUB_WoS_Import"],["dc.relation.issn","1097-6256"],["dc.title","Exocytosis at the hair cell ribbon synapse apparently operates without neuronal SNARE proteins"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","444"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Nature Neuroscience"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","453"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","12"],["dc.contributor.author","Meyer, Alexander C."],["dc.contributor.author","Frank, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Khimich, Darina"],["dc.contributor.author","Hoch, Gerhard"],["dc.contributor.author","Riedel, Dietmar"],["dc.contributor.author","Chapochnikov, Nikolai M."],["dc.contributor.author","Yarin, Yury M."],["dc.contributor.author","Harke, Benjamin"],["dc.contributor.author","Hell, Stefan"],["dc.contributor.author","Egner, Alexander"],["dc.contributor.author","Moser, Tobias"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:47:30Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:47:30Z"],["dc.date.issued","2009"],["dc.description.abstract","Cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) transmit acoustic information to spiral ganglion neurons through ribbon synapses. Here we have used morphological and physiological techniques to ask whether synaptic mechanisms differ along the tonotopic axis and within IHCs in the mouse cochlea. We show that the number of ribbon synapses per IHC peaks where the cochlea is most sensitive to sound. Exocytosis, measured as membrane capacitance changes, scaled with synapse number when comparing apical and midcochlear IHCs. Synapses were distributed in the subnuclear portion of IHCs. High-resolution imaging of IHC synapses provided insights into presynaptic Ca2+ channel clusters and Ca2+ signals, synaptic ribbons and postsynaptic glutamate receptor clusters and revealed subtle differences in their average properties along the tonotopic axis. However, we observed substantial variability for presynaptic Ca2+ signals, even within individual IHCs, providing a candidate presynaptic mechanism for the divergent dynamics of spiral ganglion neuron spiking."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1038/nn.2293"],["dc.identifier.gro","3143132"],["dc.identifier.isi","000264563100019"],["dc.identifier.pmid","19270686"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/612"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","WoS Import 2017-03-10"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","PUB_WoS_Import"],["dc.relation.issn","1097-6256"],["dc.title","Tuning of synapse number, structure and function in the cochlea"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Ecology Letters"],["dc.contributor.author","Marja, Riho"],["dc.contributor.author","Kleijn, David"],["dc.contributor.author","Tscharntke, Teja"],["dc.contributor.author","Klein, Alexandra Maria"],["dc.contributor.author","Frank, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Batáry, Péter"],["dc.contributor.editor","Knops, Johannes"],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-23T06:49:17Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-23T06:49:17Z"],["dc.date.issued","2019"],["dc.description.abstract","Agri-environment management (AEM) started in the 1980s in Europe to mitigate biodiversity decline, but the effectiveness of AEM has been questioned. We hypothesize that this is caused by a lack of a large enough ecological contrast between AEM and non-treated control sites. The effectiveness of AEM may be moderated by landscape structure and land-use intensity. Here, we examined the influence of local ecological contrast, landscape structure and regional land-use intensity on AEM effectiveness in a meta-analysis of 62 European pollinator studies. We found that ecological contrast was most important in determining the effectiveness of AEM, but landscape structure and regional land-use intensity played also a role. In conclusion, the most successful way to enhance AEM effectiveness for pollinators is to implement measures that result in a large ecological improvement at a local scale, which exhibit a strong contrast to conventional practices in simple landscapes of intensive land-use regions."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/ele.13339"],["dc.identifier.pmid","31286628"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/61853"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.relation.eissn","1461-0248"],["dc.relation.issn","1461-023X"],["dc.relation.issn","1461-0248"],["dc.title","Effectiveness of agri-environmental management on pollinators is moderated more by ecological contrast than by landscape structure or land-use intensity"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","8279"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","15"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Ecology and Evolution"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","8288"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","10"],["dc.contributor.author","Salamon, Jörg‐Alfred"],["dc.contributor.author","Wissuwa, Janet"],["dc.contributor.author","Frank, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Scheu, Stefan"],["dc.contributor.author","Potapov, Anton M."],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-04-14T08:24:55Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-04-14T08:24:55Z"],["dc.date.issued","2020"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1002/ece3.6535"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/17514"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/81466"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-399"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.relation","SFB 990: Ökologische und sozioökonomische Funktionen tropischer Tieflandregenwald-Transformationssysteme (Sumatra, Indonesien)"],["dc.relation","SFB 990 | B | B08: Struktur und Funktion des Zersetzersystems in Transformationssystemen von Tiefland-Regenwäldern"],["dc.relation.eissn","2045-7758"],["dc.relation.issn","2045-7758"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Zentrum für Biodiversität und Nachhaltige Landnutzung"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.subject.gro","sfb990_otherPublications"],["dc.title","Trophic level and basal resource use of soil animals are hardly affected by local plant associations in abandoned arable land"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original_ja"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","290"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Nature Communications"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","9"],["dc.contributor.author","Neef, Jakob"],["dc.contributor.author","Urban, Nicolai T."],["dc.contributor.author","Ohn, Tzu-Lun"],["dc.contributor.author","Frank, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Jean, Philippe"],["dc.contributor.author","Hell, Stefan W."],["dc.contributor.author","Willig, Katrin I."],["dc.contributor.author","Moser, Tobias"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-04-23T11:48:23Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-04-23T11:48:23Z"],["dc.date.issued","2018"],["dc.description.abstract","Ca2+ influx triggers the release of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic active zone (AZ). A quantitative characterization of presynaptic Ca2+ signaling is critical for understanding synaptic transmission. However, this has remained challenging to establish at the required resolution. Here, we employ confocal and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy to quantify the number (20–330) and arrangement (mostly linear 70 nm × 100–600 nm clusters) of Ca2+ channels at AZs of mouse cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs). Establishing STED Ca2+ imaging, we analyze presynaptic Ca2+ signals at the nanometer scale and find confined elongated Ca2+ domains at normal IHC AZs, whereas Ca2+ domains are spatially spread out at the AZs of bassoon-deficient IHCs. Performing 2D-STED fluorescence lifetime analysis, we arrive at estimates of the Ca2+ concentrations at stimulated IHC AZs of on average 25 µM. We propose that IHCs form bassoon-dependent presynaptic Ca2+-channel clusters of similar density but scalable length, thereby varying the number of Ca2+ channels amongst individual AZs."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1038/s41467-017-02612-y"],["dc.identifier.gro","3142361"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/15588"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/13498"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","lifescience updates Crossref Import"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.issn","2041-1723"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],["dc.title","Quantitative optical nanophysiology of Ca2+ signaling at inner hair cell active zones"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","4483"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","11"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","4488"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","106"],["dc.contributor.author","Frank, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Khimich, Darina"],["dc.contributor.author","Neef, Andreas"],["dc.contributor.author","Moser, Tobias"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:47:32Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:47:32Z"],["dc.date.issued","2009"],["dc.description.abstract","Sound coding at hair cell ribbon synapses is tightly regulated by Ca2+. Here, we used patch-clamp, fast confocal Ca2+ imaging and modeling to characterize synaptic Ca2+ signaling in cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) of hearing mice. Submicrometer fluorescence hotspots built up and collapsed at the base of IHCs within a few milliseconds of stimulus onset and cessation. They most likely represented Ca2+ microdomains arising from synaptic Ca2+ influx through Ca(V)1.3 channels. Synaptic Ca2+ microdomains varied substantially in amplitude and voltage dependence even within single IHCs. Testing putative mechanisms for the heterogeneity of Ca2+ signaling, we found the amplitude variability unchanged when blocking mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake or Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, buffering cytosolic Ca2+ by millimolar concentrations of EGTA, or elevating the Ca2+ channel open probability by the dihydropyridine agonist BayK8644. However, we observed substantial variability also for the fluorescence of immunolabeled Ca(V)1.3 Ca2+ channel clusters. Moreover, the Ca2+ microdomain amplitude correlated positively with the size of the corresponding synaptic ribbon. Ribbon size, previously suggested to scale with the number of synaptic Ca2+ channels, was approximated by using fluorescent peptide labeling. We propose that IHCs adjust the number and the gating of Ca(V)1.3 channels at their active zones to diversify their transmitter release rates."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1073/pnas.0813213106"],["dc.identifier.gro","3143138"],["dc.identifier.isi","000264278800077"],["dc.identifier.pmid","19246382"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/619"],["dc.notes.intern","WoS Import 2017-03-10"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","PUB_WoS_Import"],["dc.publisher","Natl Acad Sciences"],["dc.relation.issn","0027-8424"],["dc.title","Mechanisms contributing to synaptic Ca2+ signals and their heterogeneity in hair cells"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","101849"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","NeuroImage: Clinical"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","23"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Paul"],["dc.contributor.author","Pongratz, Viola"],["dc.contributor.author","Küster, Pascal"],["dc.contributor.author","Meier, Dominik"],["dc.contributor.author","Wuerfel, Jens"],["dc.contributor.author","Lukas, Carsten"],["dc.contributor.author","Bellenberg, Barbara"],["dc.contributor.author","Zipp, Frauke"],["dc.contributor.author","Groppa, Sergiu"],["dc.contributor.author","Sämann, Philipp G."],["dc.contributor.author","Weber, Frank"],["dc.contributor.author","Gaser, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Franke, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Bussas, Matthias"],["dc.contributor.author","Kirschke, Jan"],["dc.contributor.author","Zimmer, Claus"],["dc.contributor.author","Hemmer, Bernhard"],["dc.contributor.author","Mühlau, Mark"],["dc.date.accessioned","2020-12-10T15:20:31Z"],["dc.date.available","2020-12-10T15:20:31Z"],["dc.date.issued","2019"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101849"],["dc.identifier.issn","2213-1582"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/16803"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/72693"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-354"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.rights","CC BY-NC-ND 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0"],["dc.title","Automated segmentation of changes in FLAIR-hyperintense white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis on serial magnetic resonance imaging"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","4456"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","10"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","The Journal of neuroscience"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","4467"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","33"],["dc.contributor.author","Jing, Zhizi"],["dc.contributor.author","Rutherford, Mark A."],["dc.contributor.author","Takago, Hideki"],["dc.contributor.author","Frank, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Fejtova, Anna"],["dc.contributor.author","Khimich, Darina"],["dc.contributor.author","Moser, Tobias"],["dc.contributor.author","Strenzke, Nicola"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:47:46Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:47:46Z"],["dc.date.issued","2013"],["dc.description.abstract","Inner hair cells (IHCs) of the cochlea use ribbon synapses to transmit auditory information faithfully to spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). In the present study, we used genetic disruption of the presynaptic scaffold protein bassoon in mice to manipulate the morphology and function of the IHC synapse. Although partial-deletion mutants lacking functional bassoon (Bsn(Delta Ex4/5) ) had a near-complete loss of ribbons from the synapses (up to 88% ribbonless synapses), gene-trap mutants (Bsn(gt)) showed weak residual expression of bassoon and 56% ribbonless synapses, whereas the remaining 44% had a loosely anchored ribbon. Patch-clamp recordings and synaptic Ca(V)1.3 immunolabeling indicated a larger number of Ca2+ channels for Bsngt IHCs compared with Bsn(Delta Ex4/5) IHCs and for Bsn(gt) ribbon-occupied versus Bsn(gt) ribbonless synapses. An intermediate phenotype of Bsngt IHCs was also found by membrane capacitance measurements for sustained exocytosis, but not for the size of the readily releasable vesicle pool. The frequency and amplitude of EPSCs were reduced in Bsn(Delta Ex4/5) mouse SGNs, whereas their postsynaptic AMPA receptor clusters were largely unaltered. Sound coding in SGN, assessed by recordings of single auditory nerve fibers and their population responses in vivo, was similarly affected in Bsn(gt) and Bsn(Delta Ex4/5) mice. Both genotypes showed impaired sound onset coding and reduced evoked and spontaneous spike rates. In summary, reduced bassoon expression or complete lack of full-length bassoon impaired sound encoding to a similar extent, which is consistent with the comparable reduction of the readily releasable vesicle pool. This suggests that the remaining loosely anchored ribbons in Bsngt IHCs were functionally inadequate or that ribbon independent mechanisms dominated the coding deficit."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3491-12.2013"],["dc.identifier.gro","3142375"],["dc.identifier.isi","000315926300023"],["dc.identifier.pmid","23467361"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/7586"],["dc.notes.intern","WoS Import 2017-03-10"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","PUB_WoS_Import"],["dc.publisher","Soc Neuroscience"],["dc.relation.issn","0270-6474"],["dc.title","Disruption of the Presynaptic Cytomatrix Protein Bassoon Degrades Ribbon Anchorage, Multiquantal Release, and Sound Encoding at the Hair Cell Afferent Synapse"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","247"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","EMBO Journal"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","264"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","33"],["dc.contributor.author","Wong, Aaron B."],["dc.contributor.author","Rutherford, Mark A."],["dc.contributor.author","Gabrielaitis, Mantas"],["dc.contributor.author","Pangršič, Tina"],["dc.contributor.author","Göttfert, Fabian"],["dc.contributor.author","Frank, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Michanski, Susann"],["dc.contributor.author","Hell, Stefan"],["dc.contributor.author","Wolf, Fred"],["dc.contributor.author","Wichmann, Carolin"],["dc.contributor.author","Moser, Tobias"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:46:33Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:46:33Z"],["dc.date.issued","2014"],["dc.description.abstract","Cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) develop from pre-sensory pacemaker to sound transducer. Here, we report that this involves changes in structure and function of the ribbon synapses between IHCs and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) around hearing onset in mice. As synapses matured they changed from holding several small presynaptic active zones (AZs) and apposed postsynaptic densities (PSDs) to one large AZ/PSD complex per SGN bouton. After the onset of hearing (i) IHCs had fewer and larger ribbons; (ii) Ca(V)1.3 channels formed stripe-like clusters rather than the smaller and round clusters at immature AZs; (iii) extrasynaptic Ca(V)1.3-channels were selectively reduced, (iv) the intrinsic Ca2+ dependence of fast exocytosis probed by Ca2+ uncaging remained unchanged but (v) the apparent Ca2+ dependence of exocytosis linearized, when assessed by progressive dihydropyridine block of Ca2+ influx. Biophysical modeling of exocytosis at mature and immature AZ topographies suggests that Ca2+ influx through an individual channel dominates the [Ca2+] driving exocytosis at each mature release site. We conclude that IHC synapses undergo major developmental refinements, resulting in tighter spatial coupling between Ca2+ influx and exocytosis."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1002/embj.201387110"],["dc.identifier.gro","3142187"],["dc.identifier.isi","000331394400008"],["dc.identifier.pmid","24442635"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/5499"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","WoS Import 2017-03-10"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","PUB_WoS_Import"],["dc.relation.eissn","1460-2075"],["dc.relation.issn","0261-4189"],["dc.title","Developmental refinement of hair cell synapses tightens the coupling of Ca2+ influx to exocytosis"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","724"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Neuron"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","738"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","68"],["dc.contributor.author","Frank, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Rutherford, Mark A."],["dc.contributor.author","Strenzke, Nicola"],["dc.contributor.author","Neef, Andreas"],["dc.contributor.author","Pangrsic, Tina"],["dc.contributor.author","Khimich, Darina"],["dc.contributor.author","Fetjova, Anna"],["dc.contributor.author","Gundelfinger, Eckart D."],["dc.contributor.author","Liberman, M. Charles"],["dc.contributor.author","Harke, Benjamin"],["dc.contributor.author","Bryan, Keith E."],["dc.contributor.author","Lee, Amy"],["dc.contributor.author","Egner, Alexander"],["dc.contributor.author","Riedel, Dietmar"],["dc.contributor.author","Moser, Tobias"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:45:13Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:45:13Z"],["dc.date.issued","2010"],["dc.description.abstract","At the presynaptic active zone, Ca2+ influx triggers fusion of synaptic vesicles. It is not well understood how Ca2+ channel clustering and synaptic vesicle docking are organized. Here, we studied structure and function of hair cell ribbon synapses following genetic disruption of the presynaptic scaffold protein Bassoon. Mutant synapses-mostly lacking the ribbon-showed a reduction in membrane-proximal vesicles, with ribbonless synapses affected more than ribbon-occupied synapses. Ca2+ channels were also fewer at mutant synapses and appeared in abnormally shaped clusters. Ribbon absence reduced Ca2+ channel numbers at mutant and wildtype synapses. Fast and sustained exocytosis was reduced, notwithstanding normal coupling of the remaining Ca2+ channels to exocytosis. In vitro recordings revealed a slight impairment of vesicle replenishment. Mechanistic modeling of the in vivo data independently supported morphological and functional in vitro findings. We conclude that Bassoon and the ribbon (1) create a large number of release sites by organizing Ca2+ channels and vesicles, and (2) promote vesicle replenishment."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.neuron.2010.10.027"],["dc.identifier.gro","3142827"],["dc.identifier.isi","000285079500011"],["dc.identifier.pmid","21092861"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/274"],["dc.notes.intern","WoS Import 2017-03-10"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","PUB_WoS_Import"],["dc.publisher","Cell Press"],["dc.relation.issn","0896-6273"],["dc.title","Bassoon and the Synaptic Ribbon Organize Ca2+ Channels and Vesicles to Add Release Sites and Promote Refilling"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]