Clough, Yann

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","e0135928"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","8"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","PLOS ONE"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","18"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","10"],["dc.contributor.author","Schlinkert, Hella"],["dc.contributor.author","Westphal, Catrin"],["dc.contributor.author","Clough, Yann"],["dc.contributor.author","László, Zoltán"],["dc.contributor.author","Ludwig, Martin"],["dc.contributor.author","Tscharntke, Teja"],["dc.contributor.editor","Rahbé, Yvan"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:53:49Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:53:49Z"],["dc.date.issued","2015"],["dc.description.abstract","Large plants are often more conspicuous and more attractive for associated animals than small plants, e.g. due to their wider range of resources. Therefore, plant size can positively affect species richness of associated animals, as shown for single groups of herbivores, but studies usually consider intraspecific size differences of plants in unstandardised environments. As comprehensive tests of interspecific plant size differences under standardised conditions are missing so far, we investigated effects of plant size on species richness of all associated arthropods using a common garden experiment with 21 Brassicaceae species covering a broad interspecific plant size gradient from 10 to 130 cm height. We recorded plant associated ecto- and endophagous herbivores, their natural enemies and pollinators on and in each aboveground plant organ, i.e. flowers, fruits, leaves and stems. Plant size (measured as height from the ground), the number of different plant organ entities and their biomass were assessed. Increasing plant size led to increased species richness of associated herbivores, natural enemies and pollinating insects. This pattern was found for ectophagous and endophagous herbivores, their natural enemies, as well as for herbivores associated with leaves and fruits and their natural enemies, independently of the additional positive effects of resource availability (i.e. organ biomass or number of entities and, regarding natural enemies, herbivore species richness). We found a lower R2 for pollinators compared to herbivores and natural enemies, probably caused by the high importance of flower characteristics for pollinator species richness besides plant size. Overall, the increase in plant height from 10 to 130 cm led to a 2.7-fold increase in predicted total arthropod species richness. In conclusion, plant size is a comprehensive driver of species richness of the plant associated arthropods, including pollinators, herbivores and their natural enemies, whether they are endophagous or ectophagous or associated with leaves or fruits."],["dc.description.sponsorship","Open-Access Publikationsfonds 2015"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1371/journal.pone.0135928"],["dc.identifier.gro","3149980"],["dc.identifier.pmid","26291614"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/12089"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/6697"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.issn","1932-6203"],["dc.rights.access","openAccess"],["dc.title","Plant Size as Determinant of Species Richness of Herbivores, Natural Enemies and Pollinators across 21 Brassicaceae Species"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","487"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Oecologia"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","498"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","185"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Fernando A."],["dc.contributor.author","Ribas, Carla R."],["dc.contributor.author","Sobrinho, Tathiana G."],["dc.contributor.author","Ubaidillah, Rosichon"],["dc.contributor.author","Schoereder, José H."],["dc.contributor.author","Clough, Yann"],["dc.contributor.author","Tscharntke, Teja"],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-23T08:35:26Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-23T08:35:26Z"],["dc.date.issued","2017"],["dc.description.abstract","Local biodiversity can be expected to be similar worldwide if environmental conditions are similar. Here, we hypothesize that tropical ant communities with different types of regional species pools but at similar habitat types in Brazil and Indonesia show similar diversity patterns at multiple spatial scales, when comparing (1) the relative contribution of alpha and beta diversity to gamma diversity; (2) the number of distinct communities (community differentiation); and (3) the drivers of β-diversity (species replacement or species loss/gain) at each spatial scale. In both countries, rainforests and savannas (biome scale) were represented by three landscapes (landscape scale), each with four transects (site scale) and each transect with 10 pitfall traps (local scale). At the local scale, α-diversity was higher and β-diversity lower than expected from null models. Hence, we observed a high coexistence of species across biomes. The replacement of species seemed the most important factor for β-diversity among sites and among landscapes across biomes. Species sorting, landscape-moderated species distribution and neutral drift are potential mechanisms for the high β-diversity among sites within landscapes. At the biome scale, different evolutionary histories produced great differences in ant community composition, so the replacement of species is, at this scale, the most important driver of beta diversity. According to these key findings, we conclude that distinct regional ant species pools from similar tropical habitat types are similarly constrained across several spatial scales, regardless of the continent considered."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s00442-017-3960-y"],["dc.identifier.pmid","28980119"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/61895"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.relation.eissn","1432-1939"],["dc.relation.issn","0029-8549"],["dc.relation.issn","1432-1939"],["dc.title","Similar alpha and beta diversity changes in tropical ant communities, comparing savannas and rainforests in Brazil and Indonesia"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","53"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Biological Conservation"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","59"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","151"],["dc.contributor.author","Tscharntke, Teja"],["dc.contributor.author","Clough, Yann"],["dc.contributor.author","Wanger, Thomas C."],["dc.contributor.author","Jackson, Louise"],["dc.contributor.author","Motzke, Iris"],["dc.contributor.author","Perfecto, Ivette"],["dc.contributor.author","Vandermeer, John"],["dc.contributor.author","Whitbread, Anthony Michael"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:50:46Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:50:46Z"],["dc.date.issued","2012"],["dc.description.abstract","Under the current scenario of rapid human population increase, achieving efficient and productive agricultural land use while conserving biodiversity is a global challenge. There is an ongoing debate whether land for nature and for production should be segregated (land sparing) or integrated on the same land (land sharing, wildlife-friendly farming). While recent studies argue for agricultural intensification in a land sparing approach, we suggest here that it fails to account for real-world complexity. We argue that agriculture practiced under smallholder farmer-dominated landscapes and not large-scale farming, is currently the backbone of global food security in the developing world. Furthermore, contemporary food usage is inefficient with one third wasted and a further third used inefficiently to feed livestock and that conventional intensification causes often overlooked environmental costs. A major argument for wildlife friendly farming and agroecological intensification is that crucial ecosystem services are provided by “planned” and “associated” biodiversity, whereas the land sparing concept implies that biodiversity in agroecosystems is functionally negligible. However, loss of biological control can result in dramatic increases of pest densities, pollinator services affect a third of global human food supply, and inappropriate agricultural management can lead to environmental degradation. Hence, the true value of functional biodiversity on the farm is often inadequately acknowledged or understood, while conventional intensification tends to disrupt beneficial functions of biodiversity. In conclusion, linking agricultural intensification with biodiversity conservation and hunger reduction requires well-informed regional and targeted solutions, something which the land sparing vs sharing debate has failed to achieve so far."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.biocon.2012.01.068"],["dc.identifier.gro","3149901"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/6611"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","public"],["dc.relation.issn","0006-3207"],["dc.title","Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","593"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","6056"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Science"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","596"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","334"],["dc.contributor.author","Fischer, J."],["dc.contributor.author","Batáry, Péter"],["dc.contributor.author","Bawa, Kamal S."],["dc.contributor.author","Brussaard, L."],["dc.contributor.author","Chappell, M. J."],["dc.contributor.author","Clough, Yann"],["dc.contributor.author","Daily, G. C."],["dc.contributor.author","Dorrough, J."],["dc.contributor.author","Hartel, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Jackson, L. E."],["dc.contributor.author","Klein, Alexandra-Maria"],["dc.contributor.author","Kremen, Claire"],["dc.contributor.author","Kuemmerle, Tobias"],["dc.contributor.author","Lindenmayer, David B."],["dc.contributor.author","Mooney, H. A."],["dc.contributor.author","Perfecto, Ivette"],["dc.contributor.author","Philpott, Stacy M."],["dc.contributor.author","Tscharntke, Teja"],["dc.contributor.author","Vandermeer, John"],["dc.contributor.author","Wanger, Thomas C."],["dc.contributor.author","von Wehrden, H."],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:54:00Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:54:00Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1126/science.334.6056.593-a"],["dc.identifier.gro","3150059"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/6784"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.relation.issn","0036-8075"],["dc.title","Conservation: Limits of Land Sparing"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","159"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Arachnology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","162"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","34"],["dc.contributor.author","Schmidt, Martin H."],["dc.contributor.author","Clough, Yann"],["dc.contributor.author","Schulz, Wenke"],["dc.contributor.author","Westphalen, Anne"],["dc.contributor.author","Tscharntke, Teja"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:49:57Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:49:57Z"],["dc.date.issued","2006"],["dc.description.abstract","Pitfall traps are widely used to capture arthropods. The type of fluid employed in the traps can affect size and condition of the catch. Direct comparisons of different fluids allow entomologists to avoid suboptimal solutions, and facilitate comparisons between studies using different fluids. We compared capture efficiency and preservation attributes between five fluids in a field experiment with special respect to spiders (Araneae) and ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Catches in pure water, ethanol-water and ethanol-glycerin were less well preserved than in brine or ethylene glycol-water. Brine and ethanol-glycerin showed low capture efficiencies, presumably because their high specific density made arthropods float and thereby facilitated escape. Only the mixture of ethylene glycol and water combined good preservation attributes with high capture efficiency, and therefore represented the best solution."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1636/t04-95.1"],["dc.identifier.gro","3149800"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/6499"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.issn","0161-8202"],["dc.title","Capture Effiency and Preservation Attributes of Different Fluids in Pitfall Traps"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","4946"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","11"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Global Change Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","4957"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","23"],["dc.contributor.author","Lichtenberg, Elinor M."],["dc.contributor.author","Kennedy, Christina M."],["dc.contributor.author","Kremen, Claire"],["dc.contributor.author","Batáry, Péter"],["dc.contributor.author","Berendse, Frank"],["dc.contributor.author","Bommarco, Riccardo"],["dc.contributor.author","Bosque-Pérez, Nilsa A."],["dc.contributor.author","Carvalheiro, Luísa G."],["dc.contributor.author","Snyder, William E."],["dc.contributor.author","Williams, Neal M."],["dc.contributor.author","Winfree, Rachael"],["dc.contributor.author","Klatt, Björn K."],["dc.contributor.author","Åström, Sandra"],["dc.contributor.author","Benjamin, Faye"],["dc.contributor.author","Brittain, Claire"],["dc.contributor.author","Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca"],["dc.contributor.author","Clough, Yann"],["dc.contributor.author","Danforth, Bryan"],["dc.contributor.author","Diekötter, Tim"],["dc.contributor.author","Eigenbrode, Sanford D."],["dc.contributor.author","Ekroos, Johan"],["dc.contributor.author","Elle, Elizabeth"],["dc.contributor.author","Freitas, Breno M."],["dc.contributor.author","Fukuda, Yuki"],["dc.contributor.author","Gaines-Day, Hannah R."],["dc.contributor.author","Grab, Heather"],["dc.contributor.author","Gratton, Claudio"],["dc.contributor.author","Holzschuh, Andrea"],["dc.contributor.author","Isaacs, Rufus"],["dc.contributor.author","Isaia, Marco"],["dc.contributor.author","Jha, Shalene"],["dc.contributor.author","Jonason, Dennis"],["dc.contributor.author","Jones, Vincent P."],["dc.contributor.author","Klein, Alexandra-Maria"],["dc.contributor.author","Krauss, Jochen"],["dc.contributor.author","Letourneau, Deborah K."],["dc.contributor.author","Macfadyen, Sarina"],["dc.contributor.author","Mallinger, Rachel E."],["dc.contributor.author","Martin, Emily A."],["dc.contributor.author","Martínez, Eliana"],["dc.contributor.author","Memmott, Jane"],["dc.contributor.author","Morandin, Lora"],["dc.contributor.author","Neame, Lisa"],["dc.contributor.author","Otieno, Mark"],["dc.contributor.author","Park, Mia G."],["dc.contributor.author","Pfiffner, Lukas"],["dc.contributor.author","Pocock, Michael J. O."],["dc.contributor.author","Ponce, Carlos"],["dc.contributor.author","Potts, Simon G."],["dc.contributor.author","Poveda, Katja"],["dc.contributor.author","Ramos, Mariangie"],["dc.contributor.author","Rosenheim, Jay A."],["dc.contributor.author","Rundlöf, Maj"],["dc.contributor.author","Sardiñas, Hillary"],["dc.contributor.author","Saunders, Manu E."],["dc.contributor.author","Schon, Nicole L."],["dc.contributor.author","Sciligo, Amber R."],["dc.contributor.author","Sidhu, C. Sheena"],["dc.contributor.author","Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf"],["dc.contributor.author","Tscharntke, Teja"],["dc.contributor.author","Veselý, Milan"],["dc.contributor.author","Weisser, Wolfgang W."],["dc.contributor.author","Wilson, Julianna K."],["dc.contributor.author","Crowder, David W."],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:54:44Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:54:44Z"],["dc.date.issued","2017"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/gcb.13714"],["dc.identifier.gro","3150092"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/6822"],["dc.notes.status","public"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","1354-1013"],["dc.title","A global synthesis of the effects of diversified farming systems on arthropod diversity within fields and across agricultural landscapes"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1032"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","5"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Biological Conservation"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1041"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","142"],["dc.contributor.author","Clough, Yann"],["dc.contributor.author","Dwi Putra, Dadang"],["dc.contributor.author","Pitopang, Ramadhanil"],["dc.contributor.author","Tscharntke, Teja"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:53:53Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:53:53Z"],["dc.date.issued","2009"],["dc.description.abstract","Large-scale intensification of smallholder cacao management is currently affecting the agroforestry landscapes of Sulawesi (Indonesia), the world’s third largest cacao producer. Little is known about how this shift from diverse plantations to full-sun cacao will affect functionally important biodiversity within the agroecosystem, and how this is related to landscape-wide patterns in land-use and natural ecosystems. We recorded birds in 43 cacao plots differing in woody and herbaceous vegetation as well as distance to forest in two valleys around the Lore Lindu National Park in Central Sulawesi. Species richness of frugivores and nectarivores decreased with increasing distance to forest, whereas granivorous birds increased in richness. Forest specialists, but not habitat generalists, responded positively to forest edge proximity. Species richness of all functional groups except seed eaters increased at higher density of tall shade trees. Greater species richness of shade trees was associated with higher species richness of frugivores and nectarivores, while herbaceous vegetation did not have a strong impact on the avifauna. The positive effect of shade trees was independent of distance to forest. In conclusion, our study shows the relative importance of local and landscape effects on bird diversity with shade trees being critical for bird conservation in cacao agroforestry landscapes."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.biocon.2008.12.027"],["dc.identifier.gro","3150006"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/6726"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","public"],["dc.relation.issn","0006-3207"],["dc.subject","Agriculture; Avifauna; Functional groups; Rainforest; Sulawesi"],["dc.title","Local and landscape factors determine functional bird diversity in Indonesian cacao agroforestry"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","435"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Oikos"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","446"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","109"],["dc.contributor.author","Bukovinszky, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Potting, RPJ"],["dc.contributor.author","Clough, Yann"],["dc.contributor.author","van Lenteren, J. C."],["dc.contributor.author","Vet, Louise E. M."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:58:16Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:58:16Z"],["dc.date.issued","2005"],["dc.description.abstract","Experimental data on the relationship between plant patch size and population density of herbivores within fields often deviates from predictions of the theory of island biogeography and the resource concentration hypothesis. Here we argue that basic features of foraging behaviour can explain different responses of specialist herbivores to habitat heterogeneity. In a combination of field and simulation studies, we applied basic knowledge on the foraging strategies of three specialist herbivores: the cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae), the cabbage butterfly (Pieris rapae L.) and the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.), to explain differences in their responses to small scale fragmentation of their habitat. In our field study, populations of the three species responded to different sizes of host plant patches (9 plants and 100 plants) in different ways. Densities of winged cabbage aphids were independent of patch size. Egg-densities of the cabbage butterfly were higher in small than in large patches. Densities of diamondback moth adults were higher in large patches than in small patches. When patches in a background of barley were compared with those in grass, densities of the cabbage aphid and the diamondback moth were reduced, but not cabbage butterfly densities. To explore the role of foraging behaviour of herbivores on their response to patch size, a spatially explicit individual-based simulation framework was used. The sensory abilities of the insects to detect and respond to contact, olfactory or visual cues were varied. Species with a post-alighting host recognition behaviour (cabbage aphid) could only use contact cues from host plants encountered after landing. In contrast, species capable with a pre-alighting recognition behaviour, based on visual (cabbage butterfly) or olfactory (diamondback moth) cues, were able to recognise a preferred host plant whilst in flight. These three searching modalities were studied by varying the in flight detection abilities, the displacement speed and the arrestment response to host plants by individuals. Simulated patch size - density relationships were similar to those observed in the field. The importance of pre- and post- alighting detection in the responses of herbivores to spatial heterogeneity of the habitat is discussed."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13707.x"],["dc.identifier.isi","000227722400003"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/50438"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Blackwell Munksgaard"],["dc.relation.issn","0030-1299"],["dc.title","The role of pre- and post-alighting detection mechanisms in the responses to patch size by specialist herbivores"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","619"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Applied Ecology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","629"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","48"],["dc.contributor.author","Tscharntke, Teja"],["dc.contributor.author","Clough, Yann"],["dc.contributor.author","Bhagwat, Shonil A."],["dc.contributor.author","Buchori, Damayanti"],["dc.contributor.author","Faust, Heiko"],["dc.contributor.author","Hertel, Dietrich"],["dc.contributor.author","Hölscher, Dirk"],["dc.contributor.author","Juhrbandt, Jana"],["dc.contributor.author","Kessler, Michael"],["dc.contributor.author","Perfecto, Ivette"],["dc.contributor.author","Scherber, Christoph"],["dc.contributor.author","Schroth, Götz"],["dc.contributor.author","Veldkamp, Edzo"],["dc.contributor.author","Wanger, Thomas C."],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:54:53Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:54:53Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","1. Agricultural intensification reduces ecological resilience of land-use systems, whereas paradoxically, environmental change and climate extremes require a higher response capacity than ever. Adaptation strategies to environmental change include maintenance of shade trees in tropical agroforestry, but conversion of shaded to unshaded systems is common practice to increase short-term yield.2. In this paper, we review the short-term and long-term ecological benefits of shade trees in coffee Coffea arabica, C. canephora and cacao Theobroma cacao agroforestry and emphasize the poorly understood, multifunctional role of shade trees for farmers and conservation alike.3. Both coffee and cacao are tropical understorey plants. Shade trees in agroforestry enhance functional biodiversity, carbon sequestration, soil fertility, drought resistance as well as weed and biological pest control. However, shade is needed for young cacao trees only and is less important in older cacao plantations. This changing response to shade regime with cacao plantation age often results in a transient role for shade and associated biodiversity in agroforestry.4. Abandonment of old, unshaded cacao in favour of planting young cacao in new, thinned forest sites can be named ‘short-term cacao boom-and-bust cycle’, which counteracts tropical forest conservation. In a ‘long-term cacao boom-and-bust cycle’, cacao boom can be followed by cacao bust due to unmanageable pest and pathogen levels (e.g. in Brazil and Malaysia). Higher pest densities can result from physiological stress in unshaded cacao and from the larger cacao area planted. Risk-averse farmers avoid long-term vulnerability of their agroforestry systems by keeping shade as an insurance against insect pest outbreaks, whereas yield-maximizing farmers reduce shade and aim at short-term monetary benefits.5. Synthesis and applications. Sustainable agroforestry management needs to conserve or create a diverse layer of multi-purpose shade trees that can be pruned rather than removed when crops mature. Incentives from payment-for-ecosystem services and certification schemes encourage farmers to keep high to medium shade tree cover. Reducing pesticide spraying protects functional agrobiodiversity such as antagonists of pests and diseases, pollinating midges determining cacao yields and pollinating bees enhancing coffee yield. In a landscape perspective, natural forest alongside agroforestry allows noncrop-crop spillover of a diversity of functionally important organisms. Knowledge transfer between farmers, agronomists and ecologists in a participatory approach helps to encourage a shade management regime that balances economic and ecological needs and provides a ‘diversified food-and-cash crop’ livelihood strategy."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01939.x"],["dc.identifier.gro","3150127"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/6857"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.issn","0021-8901"],["dc.subject","agricultural intensification; Arabica and Robusta coffee; boom-and-bust cycles; cacao yield; ecological-economic trade-offs; ecological resilience; functional biodiversity; household vulnerability"],["dc.title","Multifunctional shade-tree management in tropical agroforestry landscapes - a review"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","748"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Diversity and Distributions"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","756"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","17"],["dc.contributor.author","Stenchly, K."],["dc.contributor.author","Clough, Yann"],["dc.contributor.author","Buchori, Damayanti"],["dc.contributor.author","Tscharntke, Teja"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:54:37Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:54:37Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","Aim  Owing to their role as insect predators, web-building spiders can be important biological control agents within agricultural systems. In complex tropical agroecosystems such as agroforests, management determines plant architecture, vegetation composition and associated ant density, but little is known on how these attributes, together with landscape context, determine spider web density. We hypothesized that all three spatial scales and the presence of Philidris ants significantly contribute to the explanation of spider web density with web types being differently affected.Location  In 42 differently managed cacao agroforestry systems in Sulawesi, Indonesia.Methods  We surveyed the distribution of five spider-web types on 420 cacao trees to determine how these relate to habitat variables and a numerically dominant ant species at three different spatial scales, comparing tree, plot and landscape features. We fitted linear mixed-effects model, selected the best model subset using information-theoretic criteria and calculated the model-averaged estimates. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) to determine and visualize guild level responses to the effects of the tree, plot and landscape-scale variables.Results  The five spider guilds preferred different features of cacao tree architecture. Most frequently recorded webs belonged to the line- and orb-web type. At the tree scale, overall web density was positively related to canopy openness. At the plot scale, a higher number of shade trees was related to a higher web density. At the landscape scale, the altitude determined the distribution patterns of web-building spiders. Presence of Philidris ants was positively associated with density of orb webs, while no pattern was found for other web types.Main conclusions  Results suggest spider web density could be increased by pruning of cacao trees while keeping shade trees at high density in cacao plots. The results emphasize the need to consider scale dependency of crop management and web-guild-specific responses that may be related to different functional roles of spiders as a high-density predator group in agroforestry."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00774.x"],["dc.identifier.gro","3150065"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/6792"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","public"],["dc.relation.issn","1366-9516"],["dc.title","Spider web guilds in cacao agroforestry - comparing tree, plot and landscape-scale management"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]