Markakis, Evangelos

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","378"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","382"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","44"],["dc.contributor.author","Mursch, K."],["dc.contributor.author","Buhre, W."],["dc.contributor.author","Behnke-Mursch, J."],["dc.contributor.author","Markakis, E."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:59:01Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:59:01Z"],["dc.date.issued","2000"],["dc.description.abstract","Background: In neurosurgical procedures within brainstem structures, corticosteroids are routinely administered to prevent oedema and to reduce intraoperative trauma, After replacing the routine administration of dexamethasone (DX) by high-dose methylprednisolone (MP) during surgery for tumours within brainstem structures, a decreased incidence of intraoperative haemodynamic instability events was observed. To test this hypothesis, a retrospective analysis was performed. Methods: Peroperative data of 62 surgical procedures of brainstem tumours were retrospectively analysed with respect to haemodynamic instability requiring changes in surgical strategy and/or emergence medication with vasoactive drugs. Severe changes in haemodynamic parameters were defined as a significant increase or decrease in heart rate and/or mean arterial blood pressure greater than 30% compared to baseline values. From 1988 to 1994, intravenous dexamethasone was given peroperatively in 33 patients. After a bolus of 1 mg kg(-1) body weight (BW) 30 min preoperatively, 0.2 mg kg(-1) were given every 4 h. From 1994 until now, methylprednisolone was administered instead of dexamethasone in 29 patients. After an initial bolus of 30 mg kg(-1) BW immediately before surgery, 5.4 mg kg(-1) h(-1) were given 23 h postoperatively. Results: The results of this retrospective analysis suggest that the number of operations with episodes of bradycardia, arterial hypotension (P<0.05), tachycardia and arterial hypertension (P<0.005) was significantly decreased in the group of patients treated with high-dose methylprednisolone. Conclusion: The retrospective analysis of the clinical data showed that the routine use of high-dose methylprednisolone was associated with a decreased incidence of haemodynamic instability in a selected group of patients undergoing brainstem surgery. This finding has to be proven in prospective double-blind controlled studies. (C) Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 44 (2000)."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1034/j.1399-6576.2000.440404.x"],["dc.identifier.isi","000086041400004"],["dc.identifier.pmid","10757568"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/37490"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Munksgaard Int Publ Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","0001-5172"],["dc.title","Peroperative cardiovascular stability during brainstem surgery. The use of high-dose methylprednisolone compared to dexamethasone - A retrospective analysis"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","128"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","British Journal of Neurosurgery"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","136"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","19"],["dc.contributor.author","Mursch, K."],["dc.contributor.author","Halatsch, M. E."],["dc.contributor.author","Markakis, E."],["dc.contributor.author","Behnke-Mursch, J."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:10:07Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:10:07Z"],["dc.date.issued","2005"],["dc.description.abstract","Intrinsic brainstem tumours in adults have a poor prognosis and surgical resection is rarely performed. Encouraged by successful operations on children performed in our department, we began a more aggressive strategy of open operations. Between 1986 and 1997, we operated upon 16 consecutive patients over 16 years of age (five female, 11 male, mean age 36.9 years) who were suffering from intrinsic tumours located in the pons and/or medulla oblongata. The extent of first open resection was 80 - 100% in two of the cases and more than 50% in nine cases. The mean survival time after the first occurrence of symptoms was 88.1 ( median 34.5) months, and 39.9 ( median 11) months after the first open operation. The rate of 5-year survival from the first occurrence of symptoms was 37.5% (25% after the first open surgical procedure). Thirteen out of 16 patients died within the follow-up period of at least 6.3 years, two of them within the immediate postoperative period. Eleven patients experienced a postoperative deterioration of symptoms from which only four recovered. Eight patients had from WHO grade II astrocytoma and a similar course as patients with higher-grade gliomas (n=4). Our results indicate that open microneurosurgery for intrinsic brainstem tumours is of questionable benefit for the patient. Although surgery offers the advantages of reliable confirmation of histopathology and may be associated with prolonged survival, neurological deterioration was common and, unlike in paediatric patients, often irreversible."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1080/02688690500145530"],["dc.identifier.isi","000231478700004"],["dc.identifier.pmid","16120515"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/53148"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Taylor & Francis Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","0268-8697"],["dc.title","Intrinsic brainstem tumours in adults: results of microneurosurgical treatment of 16 consecutive patients"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","299"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1A"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Anticancer Research"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","304"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","20"],["dc.contributor.author","Ludwig, H.-C."],["dc.contributor.author","Feiz-Erfan, I."],["dc.contributor.author","Bockermann, Volker"],["dc.contributor.author","Behnke-Mursch, J."],["dc.contributor.author","Schallock, K."],["dc.contributor.author","Markakis, E."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:00:16Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:00:16Z"],["dc.date.issued","2000"],["dc.description.abstract","Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from arginine by three different isozymes of nitric oxide synthase (NOS I-III). NO has been identified as a powerful metabolite cf vascular smooth muscle cell function, cerebral blood circulation and oedema induction. NOS induction by different cytokines has been shown previously in glioblastoma cell cultures and NOS III expression due to astrocytoma grading has been shown in several tumors recently. The aim of the present study was to study the coexpression of NOS I-III, macrophage and capillary presence with VEGF, ECF and their receptors and to investigate a possible mechanism in peritumoral oedema generation.. Materials and Methods: We have investigated the expression (4- grade values, blinded assay by two observers) of NOS I-III together with those of VEGF, VEGF-R (Flt-1), EGF-R1, von-Willebrand-factor (VWF) and a pan-macrophage marker (ki-MIP) immunohistochemically in tumor specimens from 220 patients and performed tumor volume morphometry by image analysis in a subgroup of 32 cases to test for any correlation with the peritumoral oedema volumes. Inducible NOS II was further investigated by in situ labelling with a DNA oligonucleotide probe cocktail. Results: All of the specimens revealed some NOS expression, NOS II was expressed in macrophages, microglia and endothelial cells, NOS III and I was localized in glioblastoma cells, NOS III in endothelial cells as well. The highest degrees of expression were observed in 46% (NOS I), 22% (NOS II) and 75% (NOS III) of all specimens, Inducible NOS II in any expression grade was observed in 47.5% of the specimens. Significant correlations were observed for the expression of the macrophage marker Ki-M1P with NOS II (p = 0.024), endothelial NOS III with NOS I (p = 00003), VEGF-R1 with NOS II (p = 0.0008) and NOS III (p = 0.011) The oedema volumes could not be correlated significantly with NOS or VEGF-R1 expression values but with those of endothelial staining (p = 002). We observed a trend towards higher Ki-MIP expression values together with higher oedema volume extensions. In situ hybridization demonstrated reaction products in endothelial and perivascular regions and sometimes scattered throughout the specimens revealing the labelling of macrophages. Conclusions: The main source of NO is NOS I and NOS III The latter is located in endothelial cells and glioblastoma cells. The expression of NOS II in glioblastomas is restricted to infiltrating macrophages. NOS II and III expressions were observed significantly together with that of VEGF-R1. Neither NOS I-III nor VEGF-R expression could be correlated with the extension of the peritumoral oedema."],["dc.identifier.isi","000086326500045"],["dc.identifier.pmid","10769671"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/50886"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Int Inst Anticancer Research"],["dc.relation.issn","0250-7005"],["dc.title","Expression of nitric oxide synthase isozymes (NOS I-III) by immunohistochemistry and DNA in situ hybridization. Correlation with macrophage presence, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and oedema volumetric data in 220 glioblastomas"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","951"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","8"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Acta Neurochirurgica"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","952"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","142"],["dc.contributor.author","Birbilis, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Ludwig, H.-C."],["dc.contributor.author","Markakis, E."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:58:47Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:58:47Z"],["dc.date.issued","2000"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s007010070085"],["dc.identifier.isi","000089536600041"],["dc.identifier.pmid","11086838"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/50544"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Springer"],["dc.publisher.place","Wien"],["dc.relation.issn","0001-6268"],["dc.title","Neuropathy of the sural nerve caused by external pressure"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","22"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Pediatric Neurology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","31"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","23"],["dc.contributor.author","Wilken, Barbara"],["dc.contributor.author","Dechent, Peter"],["dc.contributor.author","Biol, D."],["dc.contributor.author","Herms, J."],["dc.contributor.author","Maxton, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Markakis, E."],["dc.contributor.author","Hanefeld, Folker"],["dc.contributor.author","Frahm, Jens"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:42:28Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:42:28Z"],["dc.date.issued","2000"],["dc.description.abstract","The diagnostic value of single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2 T, stimulated echo acquisition mode, TR = 6,000 ms, TE = 20 ms, 4-5 mL volumes-of-interest) was assessed for a differentiation of focal brain lesions of unknown etiology in 17 patients 1-14 years of age. Absolute metabolite concentrations were compared with age-matched control subjects and an individual control region. Most of the brain tumors were characterized by strongly reduced total N-acetylaspartyl compounds and marked increases of myo-inositol and choline-containing compounds, consistent with a lack of neuroaxonal tissue and a proliferation of glial cells, Lactate was elevated in only four patients, When using this pattern for a metabolic discrimination of brain tumors from other focal lesions, proton spectroscopy correctly identified 14 of 17 abnormalities, as confirmed by histologic examination after neurosurgical intervention. One false-positive tumor diagnosis was a severe reactive gliosis mimicking a typical tumor spectrum. Two inconclusive cases comprised an astrocytoma with moderately elevated myo-inositol but reduced choline-containing compounds and a patient with an abscess leading to a marked reduction of all metabolites but strong contributions from mobile lipids. In summary, quantitative proton spectroscopy has considerable clinical value for preoperative characterization of focal brain lesions. (C) 2000 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/S0887-8994(00)00141-7"],["dc.identifier.isi","000089171100002"],["dc.identifier.pmid","10963966"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/46808"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Science Inc"],["dc.relation.issn","0887-8994"],["dc.title","Quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of focal brain lesions"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","141"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","AINS - Anästhesiologie · Intensivmedizin · Notfallmedizin · Schmerztherapie"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","145"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","35"],["dc.contributor.author","Ludwig, H.-C."],["dc.contributor.author","Klingler, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Timmermann, Arnd"],["dc.contributor.author","Weyland, Wolfgang"],["dc.contributor.author","Mursch, K."],["dc.contributor.author","Reparon, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Markakis, E."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:53:30Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:53:30Z"],["dc.date.issued","2000"],["dc.description.abstract","Objective: Due to the exponential shape of the intracranial volume-pressure relation, simple measurement of epidural, parenchymal or intraventricular intracranial pressure (ICP) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) often fails to early recognize patients with a fulminant development of intracranial hypertension even during recently available methods of tissue PO2 and microdialysis measurements. One approach to this problem could be repetitive intracranial volume provocations to evaluate a trend of the intracranial elastance. Several previously published methods use invasive volume challenge through access to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This pilot study describes changes in intracranial pressure due to variations of airway pressure with BIPAP ventilation maneuvers. Patients and methods: Ten patients with severe TBI were enrolled and completed the study. The inclusion was based on radiologic signs due to TBI in the first CT-scan and the clinical indication for insertion of an ICP monitoring device. Patients with elevated ICP above 20 mm Hg were excluded. The epidural ICP response together with haemodynamic parameters in relation to defined airway pressure changes (Delta P-AW) was detected. The influence of the duration of Delta P-AW was evaluated additionally. Data of central venous pressure (CVP), ICP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), airway pressure (P-AW) and blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery (V-MCA) were analyzed on the basis of differences between the maximum (inspiration) and minimum P-AW values (expiration). Results: Elevations of P-AW in the range of 20 to 35 cm H2O resulted in changes of the ICPmean from 4.1 to 6.0 mm Hg (r = 0.9, p < 0.05). A correlation was estimated for the changes of systolic arterial pressure (P-art) and CPPmean due to P-AW variations which ranged between 4.5 and 11.6 mm Hg (r = 0.99, p < 0.05). Concerning the transcranial doppler measurements the data of changes of the blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery (V-MCA) revealed a positive correlation to P-AW with a r = 0.99, p < 0.05. Conclusions: Elevation of the venous outflow resistance and a transient increase in cardiac output have to be considered as mechanisms for transduction of transthoracic pressure changes to intracranial pressure variations. We conclude, that trends of changes in elastance can be derived from intermittent airway pressure variations. This can be useful in easy and on line dynamic monitoring of ICP in traumatic brain injury."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1055/s-2000-13008"],["dc.identifier.isi","000086021800004"],["dc.identifier.pmid","10768051"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/22424"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Georg Thieme Verlag"],["dc.relation.issn","0939-2661"],["dc.title","The influence of airway pressure changes on intracranial pressure (ICP) and the blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (V-MCA)"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","305"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1A"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Anticancer Research"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","310"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","20"],["dc.contributor.author","Ludwig, H.-C."],["dc.contributor.author","Ahkavan-Shigari, R."],["dc.contributor.author","Rausch, S."],["dc.contributor.author","Schallock, K."],["dc.contributor.author","Quentin, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Ziegler, David S."],["dc.contributor.author","Bockermann, Volker"],["dc.contributor.author","Markakis, E."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:00:19Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:00:19Z"],["dc.date.issued","2000"],["dc.description.abstract","Background: The development of a peritumoral oedema is a common radiological sign in preoperative CT- and MRI scans of patients with cerebral metastasis. Large tumours can be accompanied by a marginally extended oedema and vice versa. Several cytokines (VEGF) have been identified as mediators of vascular induction and permeability. Transmitters such as nitric oxide (NO) have been identified as specific mediator of vascular dilation and tumour blood flow in primary brain tumours in which different NOS isozymes (NOS I and III) are induced as a result of the latent hypoxic metabolic scenery Other authors have considered NO as an endothelial stabilising metabolite. Inducible NOS II is expressed by microglia and macrophages invading during tumour growth. At present, no data exist on NO synthesising enzymes in cerebral metastasis. Materials and Patients: Cryosections (N = 96) of metastatic resections were investigated immunohistologically using a 4-step grading evaluation for the expression of NOS I-III VEGF-receptor FLT-1, a pan-macrophage marker Ki-M1P, and capillary vessel presence by endothelial Ki-Willebrand-Factor staining. The tumour and oedema extension was measured in pre MRI scans by an image processing device (Kontron(R)) and calculated for the ratios of oedema volumes to total tumour volumes. The data were analysed statistically (Pearson Chi(2) and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variances) and correlated with the clinical data. Inducible NOS II was further investigated by in situ hybridization with a (4x30 mer) DNA oligoprobe cocktail Results: Between 1987 and 1996 289 patients in our department suffered from a metastatic disease in the brain or spinal cord In 96 cases resected tumour material was processed for the immunohistological investigation. The age distribution ranged from 14 to 85 years with a median age of 58 years. The mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis was estimated as 53 days. The expression of NO synthase was frequently observed NOS I was detected in 83.6%, gradings 2 and 3 in 40.5% of them. NOS III, the endothelial isoform, was observed in 39.4% (gradings 2 and 3), inducible NOS II in 29.4% (grading 2 and 3) of the specimens. The VEGF receptor FLT-I could be detected in 70% of them, 24% in higher expression 2 and 3. The pan macrophage marker Ki-MIP was observed in 72% of all cases. Fifty seven percent of the specimens exhibited strong labelling with antibodies against VWF. Coexpressions were statistically significant for the VEGF receptor and NOS I-III (p < 0.01), Ki-M1P and NOS I and II (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was detected for the oedema index (oedema volume/total volume) and the labelling data for NOS III (r =- 0.44, p = 0.13) and VEGF-R (r = -0.42, p = 0.022). No correlation existed for Ki-MIP, VWF and NOS I. Conclusions: The objective of the study was to investigate oedema morphometry, expression of NOS I-III and VEGF-R, presence of capillary vessels and macrophages in cerebral metastasis. A further aim was to investigate a putative oedema induction by NO producing isozymes. Nitric oxide synthase expression was statistically significantly correlated with the expression of the VEGF receptor and the presence of macrophages and microglia. There was a negative correlation between oedema extension and the presence of NOS III and VEGF-R. The results seem to indicate a specific oedema modulating role of NO in cerebral metastasis."],["dc.identifier.isi","000086326500046"],["dc.identifier.pmid","10769672"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/50897"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Int Inst Anticancer Research"],["dc.relation.issn","0250-7005"],["dc.title","Oedema extension in cerebral metastasis and correlation with the expression of nitric oxide synthase isozymes (NOS I-III)"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","75"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Epilepsy Research"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","82"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","36"],["dc.contributor.author","Steinhoff, Bernhard J."],["dc.contributor.author","Tumani, Hayrettin"],["dc.contributor.author","Otto, Markus"],["dc.contributor.author","Mursch, Kay"],["dc.contributor.author","Wiltfang, Jens"],["dc.contributor.author","Herrendorf, Gregor"],["dc.contributor.author","Bittermann, Hans-Joachim"],["dc.contributor.author","Felgenhauer, Klaus"],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter"],["dc.contributor.author","Markakis, Evangelos"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:44:24Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:44:24Z"],["dc.date.issued","2002"],["dc.description.abstract","In the brain, S100 protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) are mainly found in glial cells and neurons, respectively. We investigated concentrations of S100 protein and NSE in cisternal cerebrospinal fluid obtained during implantation of foramen ovale electrodes in eight patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In addition, the meningeal markers cystatin-C and β-trace as well as total protein were measured. Patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) undergoing glycerol rhizotomy served as controls. S100 protein and NSE levels ipsilateral to the site of seizure onset were significantly higher than in TN. Contralateral TLE values were also markedly but not significantly elevated. The meningeal markers cystatin-C and β-trace protein as well as total protein did not differ in TLE and TN. We conclude that interictal temporal lobe dysfunction corresponds with neuronal and glial marker elevations in the extracellular space and that site-specific elevations may predict the site of seizure origin biochemically."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/s0920-1211(99)00026-1"],["dc.identifier.gro","3151649"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/8466"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","0920-1211"],["dc.title","Cisternal S100 protein and neuron-specific enolase are elevated and site-specific markers in intractable temporal lobe epilepsy"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","47"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","MINIMALLY INVASIVE NEUROSURGERY"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","49"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","44"],["dc.contributor.author","Birbilis, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Bockermann, Volker"],["dc.contributor.author","Markakis, E."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:20:37Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:20:37Z"],["dc.date.issued","2001"],["dc.description.abstract","The Brown-Roberts-Wells are system is a non-target-centered design, i.e., without an independent approach angle. The approach angle of this system strictly depends on precalculated values (entry and target point). Therefore, some components of the system used sometimes prevent a direct insight into the operation field. Once the entry point has been set, the are system normally has to be taken off to permit an unimpeded approach to the burr here. To facilitate rotation and return to the primary beta and gamma angular settings during stereotactic craniotomy and other surgery, a pair of clamps was designed for the BRW are system. These clamps help the approach to the entry point in such a way that some components of the are (e.g., the guide block holder) are removed from the surgical field, thus giving wide visual access for the stereotactic approach. Consequently, it is no longer necessary to remove the entire are system, resulting in an increased operation safety and shorter operation times."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1055/s-2001-13582"],["dc.identifier.isi","000168736000009"],["dc.identifier.pmid","11409312"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/28925"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Georg Thieme Verlag Kg"],["dc.relation.issn","0946-7211"],["dc.title","A pair of clamps for a safe removing and repositioning of beta and gamma angular settings of Brown-Roberts-Wells stereotactic system during operation"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]