Heinrich, Ralf

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Frontiers in Psychiatry"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","8"],["dc.contributor.author","Corthals, Kristina"],["dc.contributor.author","Heukamp, Alina Sophia"],["dc.contributor.author","Kossen, Robert"],["dc.contributor.author","Großhennig, Isabel"],["dc.contributor.author","Hahn, Nina"],["dc.contributor.author","Gras, Heribert"],["dc.contributor.author","Göpfert, Martin C."],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Ralf"],["dc.contributor.author","Geurten, Bart R. H."],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-09T11:43:34Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-09T11:43:34Z"],["dc.date.issued","2017"],["dc.description.abstract","The genome of Drosophila melanogaster includes homologs to approximately one-third of the currently known human disease genes. Flies and humans share many biological processes, including the principles of information processing by excitable neurons, synaptic transmission, and the chemical signals involved in intercellular communication. Studies on the molecular and behavioral impact of genetic risk factors of human neuro- developmental disorders [autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, and Tourette syndrome] increasingly use the well-studied social behavior of D. melanogaster, an organism that is amenable to a large variety of genetic manipulations. Neuroligins (Nlgs) are a family of phylogenetically conserved postsynaptic adhesion molecules present (among others) in nematodes, insects, and mammals. Impaired function of Nlgs (particularly of Nlg 3 and 4) has been associated with ASDs in humans and impaired social and communication behavior in mice. Making use of a set of behavioral and social assays, we, here, analyzed the impact of two Drosophila Nlgs, Dnlg2 and Dnlg4, which are differentially expressed at excitatory and inhibitory central nervous synapses, respectively. Both Nlgs seem to be associated with diurnal activity and social behavior. Even though deficiencies in Dnlg2 and Dnlg4 appeared to have no effects on sensory or motor systems, they differentially impacted on social interactions, suggesting that social behavior is distinctly regulated by these Nlgs."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00113"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/14580"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/58919"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.publisher","Frontiers Media S.A."],["dc.relation.eissn","1664-0640"],["dc.relation.issn","1664-0640"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],["dc.subject.ddc","570"],["dc.title","Neuroligins Nlg2 and Nlg4 Affect Social Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Scientific Reports"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","12"],["dc.contributor.author","Knorr, Debbra Y."],["dc.contributor.author","Schneider, Kristin"],["dc.contributor.author","Büschgens, Luca"],["dc.contributor.author","Förster, Jan"],["dc.contributor.author","Georges, Nadine S."],["dc.contributor.author","Geurten, Bart R. H."],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Ralf"],["dc.date.accessioned","2022-12-01T08:30:55Z"],["dc.date.available","2022-12-01T08:30:55Z"],["dc.date.issued","2022"],["dc.description.abstract","Abstract\n \n Cytokine receptor-like factor 3 (CRLF3) is a conserved but largely uncharacterized orphan cytokine receptor of eumetazoan animals. CRLF3-mediated neuroprotection in insects can be stimulated with human erythropoietin. To identify mechanisms of CRLF3-mediated neuroprotection we studied the expression and proapoptotic function of acetylcholinesterase in insect neurons. We exposed primary brain neurons from\n Tribolium castaneum\n to apoptogenic stimuli and dsRNA to interfere with acetylcholinesterase gene expression and compared survival and acetylcholinesterase expression in the presence or absence of the CRLF3 ligand erythropoietin. Hypoxia increased apoptotic cell death and expression of both acetylcholinesterase-coding genes\n ace-1\n and\n ace-2\n . Both\n ace\n genes give rise to single transcripts in normal and apoptogenic conditions. Pharmacological inhibition of acetylcholinesterases and RNAi-mediated knockdown of either\n ace-1\n or\n ace-2\n expression prevented hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Activation of CRLF3 with protective concentrations of erythropoietin prevented the increased expression of acetylcholinesterase with larger impact on\n ace-1\n than on\n ace-2\n . In contrast, high concentrations of erythropoietin that cause neuronal death induced\n ace-1\n expression and hence promoted apoptosis. Our study confirms the general proapoptotic function of AChE, assigns a role of both\n ace-1\n and\n ace-2\n in the regulation of apoptotic death and identifies the erythropoietin/CRLF3-mediated prevention of enhanced acetylcholinesterase expression under apoptogenic conditions as neuroprotective mechanism."],["dc.description.sponsorship"," Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659"],["dc.description.sponsorship"," Georg-August-Universität Göttingen 501100003385"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1038/s41598-022-22035-0"],["dc.identifier.pii","22035"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/118016"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI-Import GROB-621"],["dc.relation.eissn","2045-2322"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],["dc.title","Protection of insect neurons by erythropoietin/CRLF3-mediated regulation of pro-apoptotic acetylcholinesterase"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.artnumber","e1088"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Neuroscience Communications"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","1"],["dc.contributor.author","Bhavsar, Balvantray"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Ralf"],["dc.contributor.author","Stumpner, Andreas"],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-09T11:42:45Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-09T11:42:45Z"],["dc.date.issued","2016"],["dc.description.abstract","Currently, more and more laboratories are acquiring the capability of simultaneously detecting the extracellular activity of neurons in anaesthetized and awake animals by multielectrode recordings. In insects, multielectrode recordings are challenging due to the small size of the nervous system. Nevertheless, multielectrode recordings have been successfully established in brains of cockroaches, honeybees, fruit flies and grasshoppers to study sensory processing related to mechanosensation, olfaction, vision and audition. The number of neurons which can be recorded using such multielectrodes did not exceed 5 and likely depends on factors like recorded compartment of the neuron, impedance of the multielectrode, number of wires included in the multielectrode and threshold for spike detection. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the recordings obviously depends on the material and method used for the production of multielectrodes. To mark the location of the recording, different methods like current-driven copper deposition, labelling with fluorescent dye and electrocoagulation of nervous tissue are used. As expected, multielectrode recordings are more difficult in freely moving compared to restrained insects due to movement artifacts and requirement for fixed placement of the multielectrode at a particular recording site in the central nervous system (CNS). Specific characteristics of different preparations and sensory systems that include, disentangling spike collisions connected to auditory stimulation, increase in SNR after extended recording periods in olfactory systems and photoelectrical effects from compound eyes associated with visual stimulation, may require special attention and particular adaptations."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.14800/nc.1088"],["dc.identifier.fs","619780"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/13657"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/58732"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.relation.issn","2470-4008"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],["dc.title","Mini review: Multielectrode recordings in insect brains"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","202"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Neuroscience Methods"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","212"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","183"],["dc.contributor.author","Heck, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Kunst, Michael"],["dc.contributor.author","Haertel, Kai"],["dc.contributor.author","Huelsmann, Swen"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Ralf"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:23:11Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:23:11Z"],["dc.date.issued","2009"],["dc.description.abstract","Injection of muscarine into the central complex of the grasshopper brain can stimulate species-specific sound production through activation of the phospholipase C-initiated transduction pathway. We introduce a strategy, to label central complex interneurons that are directly stimulated by the injected muscarine and to study their physiology in dissociated primary cell culture. Fluorescent dextranes, co-injected to brain sites where muscarine stimulates sound production, are incorporated from the extracellular space by 3-14 central complex neurons. Most labeled neurons are columnar neurons that express muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. An average of 3-4 dextrame-labeled central complex neurons per brain can be recognised by their fluorescence in dissociated cell cultures. Their function as potential direct targets of previous in vivo pharmacological stimulation of the intact brain was supported by expression of muscarinic receptors in cytomembranes of isolated neuronal cell bodies and muscarine-stimulated calcium responses in vitro. Pharmacological inhibition of phospholipase C function and removal of extracellular calcium indicated that release from inositolphosphate-regulated internal stores mediates the increase of cytosolic calcium concentrations. The experimental procedures described in this study can be applied to any preparation in which focal drug application elicits, terminates or modulates behavior in order to label and physiologically analyse those interneurons within the circuit that serve as direct targets of the injected drug. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.06.032"],["dc.identifier.isi","000270479500014"],["dc.identifier.pmid","19583981"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/56143"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Science Bv"],["dc.relation.issn","0165-0270"],["dc.title","In vivo labeling and in vitro characterisation of central complex neurons involved in the control of sound production"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","745"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","7"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Insect Physiology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","753"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","56"],["dc.contributor.author","Wirmer, Andrea"],["dc.contributor.author","Faustmann, Melanie"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Ralf"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:41:48Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:41:48Z"],["dc.date.issued","2010"],["dc.description.abstract","Female grasshoppers of acoustically communicating species assume series of reproductive states that are associated with particular behaviours. Studies on laboratory populations of Chorthippus biguttulus (L) revealed that females of this species lack the period of 'passive copulatory readiness', increase their attractiveness to males by sound production and mate multiple times before their first oviposition. In particular, female Ch. biguttulus display a period of 'primary rejection' after their imaginal moult during which they reject male mating attempts followed by a period of 'active copulatory readiness' in which they produce acoustic signals and may copulate with courting males. Female stridulation generally stimulated male mating activity and stridulating females attracted more male mating attempts than mute females in the same cage, indicating that males preferentially court females that signal 'active copulatory readiness'. After receipt of a spermatophore, Ch. biguttulus females displayed periods of 'secondary rejection' followed by re-establishment of 'active copulatory readiness'. Acoustic responses of females to male songs, an indicator of reproductive readiness, were significantly reduced until 2 days after mating and remained slightly reduced in comparison to pre-mating levels. Some females mated multiple times before their first oviposition and cycled between 'secondary rejection' and 'active copulatory readiness'. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved."],["dc.description.sponsorship","Gottingen Masters/PhD program in Neurosciences"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.01.006"],["dc.identifier.isi","000279090900010"],["dc.identifier.pmid","20116380"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/19549"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","0022-1910"],["dc.title","Reproductive behaviour of female Chorthippus biguttulus grasshoppers"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","181"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","196"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Ralf"],["dc.contributor.author","Günther, Verena"],["dc.contributor.author","Miljus, Natasa"],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-06-02T10:44:31Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-06-02T10:44:31Z"],["dc.date.issued","2017"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/bs.vh.2017.02.004"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/87073"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI-Import GROB-425"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier"],["dc.relation.isbn","978-0-12-812265-5"],["dc.relation.ispartof","Erythropoietin"],["dc.title","Erythropoietin-Mediated Neuroprotection in Insects Suggests a Prevertebrate Evolution of Erythropoietin-Like Signaling"],["dc.type","book_chapter"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","129"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","The Journal of Comparative Neurology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","139"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","488"],["dc.contributor.author","Wenzel, B."],["dc.contributor.author","Kunst, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Gunther, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Ganter, G. K."],["dc.contributor.author","Lakes-Harlan, R."],["dc.contributor.author","Elsner, N."],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Ralf"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:32:37Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:32:37Z"],["dc.date.issued","2005"],["dc.description.abstract","Grasshopper sound production, in the context of mate finding, courtship, and rivalry, is controlled by the central body complex in the protocerebrum. Stimulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the central complex has been demonstrated to stimulate specific singing in various grasshoppers including the species Chorthippus biguttulus. Sound production elicited by stimulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the central complex is inhibited by co-applications of various drugs activating the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway. The nitric oxide-donor sodium nitroprusside caused a reversible suppression of muscarine-stimulated sound production that could be blocked by (1)H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ), which prevents the formation of cGMP by specifically inhibiting soluble guanylyl cyclase. Furthermore, injections of both the membrane-permeable cGMP analog 8-Br-cGMP and the specific inhibitor of the cGMP-degrading phosphodiesterase Zaprinast reversibly inhibited singing. To identify putative sources of nitric oxide, brains of Ch. biguttulus were subjected to both nitric oxide synthase immunocytochemistry and NADPH-diaphorase staining. Among other areas known to express nitric oxide synthase, both procedures consistently labeled peripheral layers in the upper division of the central body complex, suggesting that neurons supplying this neuropil contain nitric oxide synthase and may generate nitric oxide upon activation. Exposure of dissected brains to nitric oxide and 3-(5'hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole (YC-1) induced cGMP-associated immunoreactivity in both the upper and lower division. Therefore, both the morphological and pharmacological data presented in this study strongly suggest a contribution of the nitric oxide/cGMP signaling pathway to the central control of grasshopper sound production. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1002/cne.20600"],["dc.identifier.isi","000229841200002"],["dc.identifier.pmid","15924338"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/17380"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Wiley-blackwell"],["dc.relation.issn","0021-9967"],["dc.title","Nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling in the central complex of the grasshopper brain inhibits singing behavior"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1233"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","8"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1236"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","35"],["dc.contributor.author","Mitkovski, Miso"],["dc.contributor.author","Dahm, Liane"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Ralf"],["dc.contributor.author","Monnheimer, Mathieu"],["dc.contributor.author","Gerhart, Simone"],["dc.contributor.author","Stegmüller, Judith"],["dc.contributor.author","Hanisch, Uwe-Karsten"],["dc.contributor.author","Nave, Klaus-Armin"],["dc.contributor.author","Ehrenreich, Hannelore"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:46:28Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:46:28Z"],["dc.date.issued","2015"],["dc.description.abstract","Traumatic brain injury causes progressive brain atrophy and cognitive decline. Surprisingly, an early treatment with erythropoietin (EPO) prevents these consequences of secondary neurodegeneration, but the mechanisms have remained obscure. Here we show by advanced imaging and innovative analytical tools that recombinant human EPO, a clinically established and neuroprotective growth factor, dampens microglial activity, as visualized also in vivo by a strongly attenuated injury-induced cellular motility."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1038/jcbfm.2015.100"],["dc.identifier.gro","3150519"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/13806"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/7292"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.issn","0271-678X"],["dc.rights","CC BY-NC-ND 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0"],["dc.subject","ATP; brain injury; migration; process protrusion; Rac1"],["dc.title","Erythropoietin dampens injury-induced microglial motility"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","unknown"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","European Journal of Neuroscience"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","12"],["dc.contributor.author","Wenzel, B."],["dc.contributor.author","Elsner, N."],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Ralf"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:04:42Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:04:42Z"],["dc.date.issued","2000"],["dc.format.extent","413"],["dc.identifier.isi","000088236602356"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/51898"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Blackwell Science Ltd"],["dc.publisher.place","Oxford"],["dc.relation.issn","0953-816X"],["dc.title","Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors contribute to the control of grasshopper stridulatory behaviour by activation of the cAMP-pathway"],["dc.type","conference_abstract"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","64"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Biological Rhythms"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","72"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","24"],["dc.contributor.author","Luna, Abud J. Farca"],["dc.contributor.author","Hurtado-Zavala, Joaquin I."],["dc.contributor.author","Reischig, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinrich, Ralf"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:33:07Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:33:07Z"],["dc.date.issued","2009"],["dc.description.abstract","Crustaceans have frequently been used to study the neuroethology of both agonistic behavior and circadian rhythms, but whether their highly stereotyped and quantifiable agonistic activity is controlled by circadian pacemakers has, so far, not been investigated. Isolated marbled crayfish (Procambarus spec.) displayed rhythmic locomotor activity under 12-h light: 12-h darkness (LD12: 12) and rhythmicity persisted after switching to constant darkness (DD) for 8 days, suggesting the presence of endogenous circadian pacemakers. Isogenetic females of parthenogenetic marbled crayfish displayed all behavioral elements known from agonistic interactions of previously studied decapod species including the formation of hierarchies. Groups of marbled crafish displayed high frequencies of agonistic encounters during the 1st hour of their cohabitation, but with the formation of hierarchies agonistic activities were subsequently reduced to low levels. Group agonistic activity was entrained to periods of exactly 24 h under LD12: 12, and peaks of agonistic activity coincided with light-to-dark and dark-to-light transitions. After switching to DD, enhanced agonistic activity was dispersed over periods of 8-to 10-h duration that were centered around the times corresponding with light-to-dark transitions during the preceding 3 days in LD12:12. During 4 days under DD agonistic activity remained rhythmic with an average circadian period of 24.83 +/- 1.22 h in all crayfish groups tested. Only the most dominant crayfish that participated in more than half of all agonistic encounters within the group revealed clear endogenous rhythmicity in their agonistic behavior, whereas subordinate individuals, depending on their social rank, initiated only between 19.4% and 0.03% of all encounters in constant darkness and displayed no statistically significant rhythmicity. The results indicate that both locomotion and agonistic social interactions are rhythmic behaviors of marbled crayfish that are controlled by light-entrained endogenous pacemakers."],["dc.description.sponsorship","German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1177/0748730408328933"],["dc.identifier.isi","000262736600007"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/12993"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/17502"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Sage Publications Inc"],["dc.relation.issn","0748-7304"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.title","Circadian Regulation of Agonistic Behavior in Groups of Parthenogenetic Marbled Crayfish, Procambarus sp."],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]