Chaieb, Leila

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","103"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1-2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","109"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","354"],["dc.contributor.author","Wickmann, Franziska"],["dc.contributor.author","Stephani, Caspar"],["dc.contributor.author","Czesnik, Dirk"],["dc.contributor.author","Klinker, Florian"],["dc.contributor.author","Timaeus, Charles"],["dc.contributor.author","Chaieb, Leila"],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.contributor.author","Antal, Andrea"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:54:38Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:54:38Z"],["dc.date.issued","2015"],["dc.description.abstract","The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of repetitive cathodal direct current stimulation (rctDCS) over the visual cortex as a prophylactic treatment in patients with menstrual migraine. 20 female patients were recruited in this double-blind, placebo-controlled study and were assigned to receive either cathodal or sham stimulation. Over 3 menstrual cycles, tDCS with 2 mA intensity and 20 min duration was applied to the visual cortex of the patients, in 5 consecutive sessions 1-5 days prior to the first day of their menstruation. The primary endpoint of the study was the frequency of the migraine attacks at the end of the treatment period, however, additional parameters, such as the number of migraine related days and the intensity of pain were also recorded 3 months before, during and 3 months post-treatment Visual cortex excitability was determined by measuring the phosphene thresholds (PTs) using single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the visual cortex. Sixteen patients completed the study. A significant decrease in the number of migraine attacks (p = 0.04) was found in the cathodal group compared to baseline but not compared to sham (p = 0.053). In parallel the PTs increased significantly in this group, compared to the sham group (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that prophylactic treatment with rctDCS over the visual cortex might be able to decrease the number of attacks in patients with menstrual migraine, probably by modifying cortical excitability. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved."],["dc.description.sponsorship","Migraine Foundation"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.jns.2015.05.009"],["dc.identifier.isi","000356978600018"],["dc.identifier.pmid","26003225"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/36574"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Science Bv"],["dc.relation.issn","1878-5883"],["dc.relation.issn","0022-510X"],["dc.title","Prophylactic treatment in menstrual migraine: A proof-of-concept study"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Neurogenetics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","11"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","15"],["dc.contributor.author","Chaieb, Leila"],["dc.contributor.author","Antal, Andrea"],["dc.contributor.author","Ambrus, Geza Gergely"],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:43:05Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:43:05Z"],["dc.date.issued","2014"],["dc.description.abstract","Val66Met (rs6265) is a gene variation, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene that codes for the protein BDNF. The substitution of Met for Val occurs at position 66 in the pro-region of the BDNF gene and is responsible for altered activity-dependent release and recruitment of BDNF in neurons. This is believed to manifest itself in an altered ability in neuroplasticity induction and an increased predisposition toward a number of neurological disorders. Many studies using neuroplasticity-inducing protocols have investigated the impact of the BDNF polymorphism on cortical modulation and plasticity; however, the results are partly contradictory and dependent on the paradigm used in a given study. The aim of this review is to summarize recent knowledge on the relationship of this BDNF SNP and neuroplasticity."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s10048-014-0393-1"],["dc.identifier.isi","000333707900001"],["dc.identifier.pmid","24567226"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/34100"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Springer"],["dc.relation.issn","1364-6753"],["dc.relation.issn","1364-6745"],["dc.title","Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: its impact upon neuroplasticity and neuroplasticity inducing transcranial brain stimulation protocols"],["dc.type","review"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","167"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","175"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","29"],["dc.contributor.author","Chaieb, Leila"],["dc.contributor.author","Antal, Andrea"],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:02:00Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:02:00Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","Purpose: External transcranial electric and magnetic stimulation techniques allow for the fast induction of sustained and measurable changes in cortical excitability. Here we aim to develop a paradigm using transcranial alternating current (tACS) in a frequency range higher than 1 kHz, which potentially interferes with membrane excitation, to shape neuroplastic processes in the human primary motor cortex (M1). Methods: Transcranial alternating current stimulation was applied at 1, 2 and 5 kHz over the left primary motor cortex with a reference electrode over the contralateral orbit in 11 healthy volunteers for a duration of 10 min at an intensity of 1 mA. Monophasic single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to measure changes in corticospinal excitability, both during and after tACS in the low kHz range, in the right hand muscle. As a control inactive sham stimulation was performed. Results: All frequencies of tACS increased the amplitudes of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) up to 30-60 min post stimulation, compared to the baseline. Two and 5 kHz stimulations were more efficacious in inducing sustained changes in cortical excitability than 1 kHz stimulation, compared to sham stimulation. Conclusions: Since tACS in the low kHz range appears too fast to interfere with network oscillations, this technique opens a new possibility to directly interfere with cortical excitability, probably via neuronal membrane activation. It may also potentially replace more conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) techniques for some applications in a clinical setting."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.3233/RNN-2011-0589"],["dc.identifier.isi","000292262500003"],["dc.identifier.pmid","21586823"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/24572"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Ios Press"],["dc.relation.issn","0922-6028"],["dc.title","Transcranial alternating current stimulation in the low kHz range increases motor cortex excitability"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","3750"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","8"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Human Brain Mapping"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","3759"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","35"],["dc.contributor.author","Antal, Andrea"],["dc.contributor.author","Fischer, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Saiote, Catarina"],["dc.contributor.author","Miller, Robert"],["dc.contributor.author","Chaieb, Leila"],["dc.contributor.author","Wang, Danny J. J."],["dc.contributor.author","Plessow, Franziska"],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.contributor.author","Kirschbaum, Clemens"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:37:14Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:37:14Z"],["dc.date.issued","2014"],["dc.description.abstract","Stress is a constant characteristic of everyday life in our society, playing a role in triggering several chronic disorders. Therefore, there is an ongoing need to develop new methods in order to manage stress reactions. The regulatory function of right medial-prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is frequently reported by imaging studies during psychosocial stress situations. Here, we examined the effects of inhibitory and excitatory preconditioning stimulation via cathodal and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on psychosocial stress related behavioral indicators and physiological factors, including the cortisol level in the saliva and changes in brain perfusion. Twenty minutes real or sham tDCS was applied over the right mPFC of healthy subjects before the performance of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured during stimulation and after TSST, using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL). Comparing the effect of the different stimulation conditions, during anodal stimulation we found higher rCBF in the right mPFC, compared to the sham and in the right amygdala, superior PFC compared to the cathodal condition. Salivary cortisol levels showed a decrease in the anodal and increase in cathodal groups after completion of the TSST. The behavioral stress indicators indicated the increase of stress level, however, did not show any significant differences among groups. In this study we provide the first insights into the neuronal mechanisms mediating psychosocial stress responses by prefrontal tDCS. (C) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1002/hbm.22434"],["dc.identifier.isi","000339426700014"],["dc.identifier.pmid","24382804"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/32793"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Wiley-blackwell"],["dc.relation.issn","1097-0193"],["dc.relation.issn","1065-9471"],["dc.title","Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Modifies the Neuronal Response to Psychosocial Stress Exposure"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","92"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Brain Stimulation"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","96"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","7"],["dc.contributor.author","Chaieb, Leila"],["dc.contributor.author","Antal, Andrea"],["dc.contributor.author","Pisoni, Alberto"],["dc.contributor.author","Saiote, Catarina"],["dc.contributor.author","Opitz, Alexander"],["dc.contributor.author","Ambrus, Geza Gergely"],["dc.contributor.author","Focke, Niels K."],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:46:49Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:46:49Z"],["dc.date.issued","2014"],["dc.description.abstract","Background: Sinusoidal transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 5 kHz applied for 10 min at 1 mA intensity over the hand area of the primary motor cortex (M1) results in sustained changes in cortical excitability as previously demonstrated. Objective: Here we have assessed safety aspects of this stimulation method by measuring neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels, examining electroencephalogram (EEG) traces and analyzing anatomical data by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Altogether 18 healthy volunteers participated in the study. tACS was applied at 5 kHz for a duration of 10 min over the left M1 at an intensity of 1 mA. Results: After stimulation no significant changes were detected in NSE levels, no structural alterations were observed in the anatomical scans and no pathological changes were found in the EEG recordings. Conclusions: Our data imply that the application of tACS is safe at least within these parameters and with these applied protocols. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.brs.2013.08.004"],["dc.identifier.isi","000329947300014"],["dc.identifier.pmid","24064065"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/34974"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Science Inc"],["dc.relation.issn","1876-4754"],["dc.relation.issn","1935-861X"],["dc.title","Safety of 5 kHz tACS"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","97"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Brain Stimulation"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","105"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","1"],["dc.contributor.author","Antal, Andrea"],["dc.contributor.author","Boros, Klara"],["dc.contributor.author","Poreisz, Csaba"],["dc.contributor.author","Chaieb, Leila"],["dc.contributor.author","Terney, Daniella"],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:16:21Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:16:21Z"],["dc.date.issued","2008"],["dc.description.abstract","Objective Inteference with brain rhythms by noninvasive transcranial stimulation that uses weak transcranial alternating current may reveal itself to be a new tool for investigating cortical mechanisms currently unresolved. Here. we aim to extend transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) techniques to transcranial alternating Current stimulation (tACS). Background Parameters such as electrode size and position were taken from those used ill Previous tDCS Studies. Methods Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), electroencephalogram (EEG)-power, and reaction times measured in a motor implicit learning task, were analyzed to detect changes in cortical excitability after 2-10 minutes of AC stimulation and sinusoidal DC stimulation (tSDCS) by using 1, W, 15, 30, and 45 Hz and sham stimulation over the primary motor cortex in 50 healthy subjects (eight-16 subjects in each study). Results A significantly improved implicit motor learning was observed after 10 Hz AC stimulation only. No significant changes were observed in any of the analyzed frequency bands of EEG and with regard to the MEP amplitudes after AC or tSDCS stimulation. Similarly, if the anodal or cathodal DC stimulation was superimposed on 5, 10, and 15 Hz AC stimulation, the MEP amplitudes did not change significantly. Conclusions Transcranial application of weak AC current may appear to be a tool for basic and clinical research in diseases with altered EEG activity. However, its effect seems to be weaker than tDCS stimulation, at in the present context of stimulus intensity and duration. Further studies are required to extend cautiously the safety range and uncover its influence on neuronal circuitries. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.brs.2007.10.001"],["dc.identifier.isi","000262716600008"],["dc.identifier.pmid","20633376"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/54566"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Science Inc"],["dc.relation.issn","1935-861X"],["dc.title","Comparatively weak after-effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on cortical excitability in humans"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","255"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","263"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","30"],["dc.contributor.author","Antal, Andrea"],["dc.contributor.author","Kovacs, Gyula"],["dc.contributor.author","Chaieb, Leila"],["dc.contributor.author","Cziraki, Csaba"],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.contributor.author","Greenlee, Mark W."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:15:22Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:15:22Z"],["dc.date.issued","2012"],["dc.description.abstract","Purpose: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was reintroduced about a decade ago as a tool for inducing long-lasting changes in cortical excitability. Recently it has been shown that both motor and cognitive functions can be influenced by tDCS. Here, we tested the effect of tDCS on the blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal evoked by coherent visual motion using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: The subjects underwent 10 min of cathodal and sham tDCS, applied over the right MT+. Following stimulation, random dot kinomatograms (RDK) with different percentages (10%, 30%, 50%) of coherently moving dots were presented. Results: All motion stimuli activated MT+ in both stimulation conditions. However, cathodal stimulation led to an increase in fMRI signal in MT+ when compared to sham stimulation. This effect did not depend on the coherence level of the visual stimulus. Conclusions: Here, we show for the first time, that cathodal tDCS stimulation leads to elevated fMRI signal in the human visual cortex."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.3233/RNN-2012-110208"],["dc.identifier.isi","000304474600008"],["dc.identifier.pmid","22475855"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/27665"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Ios Press"],["dc.relation.issn","1878-3627"],["dc.relation.issn","0922-6028"],["dc.title","Cathodal stimulation of human MT+ leads to elevated fMRI signal: A tDCS-fMRI study"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","499"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Brain Stimulation"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","504"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","5"],["dc.contributor.author","Ambrus, Geza Gergely"],["dc.contributor.author","Al-Moyed, Hanan"],["dc.contributor.author","Chaieb, Leila"],["dc.contributor.author","Sarp, Lena"],["dc.contributor.author","Antal, Andrea"],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:04:52Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:04:52Z"],["dc.date.issued","2012"],["dc.description.abstract","Objective: Slowly ramping down initial current intensity after a minimal interval of stimulation is the de facto standard for sham stimulation in transcranial electrical stimulation research. The aim of this study is to further investigate the effectiveness of this method of blinding. Methods: We have investigated the time course of the cutaneous perception during 10 min of anodal, cathodal, and sham transcranial direct current stimulation, probing the perceived strength and site of the perceived sensation. We have also utilized post-stimulation assessment and measurements of sleepiness prior to and after the intervention. Previous exposure to tDCS has also been taken into account: the experiment has been repeated in naive and experienced subject groups, and a group consisting of investigators who use tDCS as a research tool. Results: Although we have observed a general reduction in the perceived strength of the stimulation with time, we have not found the complete disappearance of the cutaneous perception during either the verum or the sham conditions. Experienced subjects were more likely to be able to differentiate between trials with stimulation and non-stimulation trials and to correctly identify sham and verum stimulation conditions. Conclusion: When taking only naive and experienced subjects into account, there was no significant difference between the strength of the perceived stimulation in the verum and sham conditions. The fade-in - short stimulation - fade-out sham stimulation can be indistinguishable from verum stimulation, but not because it mimics the disappearance of the cutaneous sensations associated with the verum stimulation, but because these sensations persist also in the sham stimulation. The significance of this finding with potential confounding factors and limitations are discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.brs.2011.12.001"],["dc.identifier.isi","000311532200008"],["dc.identifier.pmid","22405745"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/25193"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Science Inc"],["dc.relation.issn","1935-861X"],["dc.title","The fade-in - Short stimulation - Fade out approach to sham tDCS - Reliable at 1 mA for naive and experienced subjects, but not investigators"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","98"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Neuroscience Letters"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","104"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","616"],["dc.contributor.author","Ambrus, Geza Gergely"],["dc.contributor.author","Chaieb, Leila"],["dc.contributor.author","Stilling, Roman"],["dc.contributor.author","Rothkegel, Holger"],["dc.contributor.author","Antal, Andrea"],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:16:52Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:16:52Z"],["dc.date.issued","2016"],["dc.description.abstract","The measurement of the motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes using single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a common method to observe changes in motor cortical excitability. The level of cortical excitability has been shown to change during motor learning. Conversely, motor learning can be improved by using anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). In the present study, we aimed to monitor cortical excitability changes during an implicit motor learning paradigm, a version of the serial reaction time task (SRTT). Responses from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and forearm flexor (FLEX) muscles were recorded before, during and after the performance of the SRTT. Online measurements were combined with anodal, cathodal or sham tDCS for the duration of the SRTT. Negative correlations between the amplitude of online FDI MEPs and SRTT reaction times (RTs) were observed across the learning blocks in the cathodal condition (higher average MEP amplitudes associated with lower RTs) but no significant differences in the anodal and sham conditions. tDCS did not have an impact on SRTT performance, as would be predicted based on previous studies. The offline before after SRTT MEP amplitudes showed an increase after anodal and a tendency to decrease after cathodal stimulation, but these changes were not significant. The combination of different interventions during tDCS might result in reduced efficacy of the stimulation that in future studies need further attention. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.neulet.2016.01.039"],["dc.identifier.isi","000373553900017"],["dc.identifier.pmid","26826607"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/41121"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Elsevier Ireland Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","1872-7972"],["dc.relation.issn","0304-3940"],["dc.title","Monitoring transcranial direct current stimulation induced changes in cortical excitability during the serial reaction time task"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","439"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Experimental Brain Research"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","444"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","198"],["dc.contributor.author","Chaieb, Leila"],["dc.contributor.author","Kovacs, Gyula"],["dc.contributor.author","Cziraki, Csaba"],["dc.contributor.author","Greenlee, Mark W."],["dc.contributor.author","Paulus, Walter J."],["dc.contributor.author","Antal, Andrea"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T11:23:35Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T11:23:35Z"],["dc.date.issued","2009"],["dc.description.abstract","Manipulation of cortical excitability can be experimentally achieved by the application of transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS). TRNS is a novel method of non-invasive electrical brain stimulation whereby a random electrical oscillation spectrum is applied over the cortex. A previous study recently reported that application of weak 10-min tRNS over primary motor cortex (M1) enhances corticospinal excitability both during and after stimulation in the healthy human brain. Here, blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) MRI was used to monitor modulations in human sensorimotor activity after the application of 4-min tRNS. Activation maps for a right hand index-thumb finger opposition task were obtained for nine subjects after sham and 1-mA tRNS in separate sessions. TRNS of the left-hemispheric sensorimotor cortex resulted in a decrease in the mean number of activated pixels by 17%, in the hand area. Our results indicate that tRNS applied with different durations and/or in combination with a task might result in different outcomes. Application of tRNS to the human cortex allows an unnoticeable and thus painless, selective, non-invasive and reversible activity change within the cortex, its main advantage being the direction insensitivity of the stimulation. TRNS also provides a qualitatively new way of producing and interfering with brain plasticity, although, further research is required to optimise stimulation parameters and efficacy."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s00221-009-1938-7"],["dc.identifier.isi","000269852800001"],["dc.identifier.pmid","19649624"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/56229"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Springer"],["dc.relation.issn","0014-4819"],["dc.title","Short-duration transcranial random noise stimulation induces blood oxygenation level dependent response attenuation in the human motor cortex"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]