Knohl, Alexander

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1539"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","3"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Biological Reviews"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1569"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","92"],["dc.contributor.author","Dislich, Claudia"],["dc.contributor.author","Keyel, Alexander C."],["dc.contributor.author","Salecker, Jan"],["dc.contributor.author","Kisel, Yael"],["dc.contributor.author","Meyer, Katrin M."],["dc.contributor.author","Auliya, Mark"],["dc.contributor.author","Barnes, Andrew D."],["dc.contributor.author","Corre, Marife D."],["dc.contributor.author","Darras, Kevin"],["dc.contributor.author","Faust, Heiko"],["dc.contributor.author","Hess, Bastian"],["dc.contributor.author","Klasen, Stephan"],["dc.contributor.author","Knohl, Alexander"],["dc.contributor.author","Kreft, Holger"],["dc.contributor.author","Meijide, Ana"],["dc.contributor.author","Nurdiansyah, Fuad"],["dc.contributor.author","Otten, Fenna"],["dc.contributor.author","Pe'er, Guy"],["dc.contributor.author","Steinebach, Stefanie"],["dc.contributor.author","Tarigan, Suria"],["dc.contributor.author","Tölle, Merja H."],["dc.contributor.author","Tscharntke, Teja"],["dc.contributor.author","Wiegand, Kerstin"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:44:46Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:44:46Z"],["dc.date.issued","2017"],["dc.description.abstract","Oil palm plantations have expanded rapidly in recent decades. This large-scale land-use change has had great ecological, economic, and social impacts on both the areas converted to oil palm and their surroundings. However, research on the impacts of oil palm cultivation is scattered and patchy, and no clear overview exists. We address this gap through a systematic and comprehensive literature review of all ecosystem functions in oil palm plantations, including several (genetic, medicinal and ornamental resources, information functions) not included in previous systematic reviews. We compare ecosystem functions in oil palm plantations to those in forests, as the conversion of forest to oil palm is prevalent in the tropics. We find that oil palm plantations generally have reduced ecosystem functioning compared to forests: 11 out of 14 ecosystem functions show a net decrease in level of function. Some functions show decreases with potentially irreversible global impacts (e.g. reductions in gas and climate regulation, habitat and nursery functions, genetic resources, medicinal resources, and information functions). The most serious impacts occur when forest is cleared to establish new plantations, and immediately afterwards, especially on peat soils. To variable degrees, specific plantation management measures can prevent or reduce losses of some ecosystem functions (e.g. avoid illegal land clearing via fire, avoid draining of peat, use of integrated pest management, use of cover crops, mulch, and compost) and we highlight synergistic mitigation measures that can improve multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously. The only ecosystem function which increases in oil palm plantations is, unsurprisingly, the production of marketable goods. Our review highlights numerous research gaps. In particular, there are significant gaps with respect to socio-cultural information functions. Further, there is a need for more empirical data on the importance of spatial and temporal scales, such as differences among plantations in different environments, of different sizes, and of different ages, as our review has identified examples where ecosystem functions vary spatially and temporally. Finally, more research is needed on developing management practices that can offset the losses of ecosystem functions. Our findings should stimulate research to address the identified gaps, and provide a foundation for more systematic research and discussion on ways to minimize the negative impacts and maximize the positive impacts of oil palm cultivation."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/brv.12295"],["dc.identifier.fs","621226"],["dc.identifier.gro","3148957"],["dc.identifier.pmid","27511961"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/14337"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/5600"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Wiegand Crossref Import"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation","SFB 990: Ökologische und sozioökonomische Funktionen tropischer Tieflandregenwald-Transformationssysteme (Sumatra, Indonesien)"],["dc.relation","SFB 990 | B | B10: Landschaftsbezogene Bewertung der ökologischen und sozioökonomischen Funktionen von Regenwald- Transformationssystemen in Sumatra (Indonesien)"],["dc.relation.issn","1464-7931"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Abteilung Ökosystemmodellierung"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Abteilung Bioklimatologie"],["dc.rights","CC BY-NC 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"],["dc.subject.gro","Elaeis guineensis"],["dc.subject.gro","biodiversity"],["dc.subject.gro","ecosystem functions"],["dc.subject.gro","ecosystem services"],["dc.subject.gro","land-use change"],["dc.subject.gro","oil palm"],["dc.subject.gro","sfb990_journalarticles"],["dc.title","A review of the ecosystem functions in oil palm plantations, using forests as a reference system"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original_ja"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","925"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","The New Phytologist"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","938"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","192"],["dc.contributor.author","Barthel, Matthias"],["dc.contributor.author","Hammerle, Albin"],["dc.contributor.author","Sturm, Patrick"],["dc.contributor.author","Baur, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Gentsch, Lydia"],["dc.contributor.author","Knohl, Alexander"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:48:42Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:48:42Z"],["dc.date.issued","2011"],["dc.description.abstract","Recent 13CO2 canopy pulse chase labeling studies revealed that photosynthesis influences the carbon isotopic composition of soil respired CO2 (δ13CSR) even on a diel timescale. However, the driving mechanisms underlying these short‐term responses remain unclear, in particular under drought conditions. The gas exchange of CO2 isotopes of canopy and soil was monitored in drought/nondrought‐stressed beech (Fagus sylvatica) saplings after 13CO2 canopy pulse labeling. A combined canopy/soil chamber system with gas‐tight separated soil and canopy compartments was coupled to a laser spectrometer measuring mixing ratios and isotopic composition of CO2 in air at high temporal resolution. The measured δ13CSR signal was then explained and substantiated by a mechanistic carbon allocation model. Leaf metabolism had a strong imprint on diel cycles in control plants, as a result of an alternating substrate supply switching between sugar and transient starch. By contrast, diel cycles in drought‐stressed plants were determined by the relative contributions of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration throughout the day. Drought reduced the speed of the link between photosynthesis and soil respiration by a factor of c. 2.5, depending on the photosynthetic rate. Drought slows the coupling between photosynthesis and soil respiration and alters the underlying mechanism causing diel variations of δ13CSR."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03848.x"],["dc.identifier.gro","3147054"],["dc.identifier.pmid","21851360"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/4784"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","0028-646X"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Abteilung Bioklimatologie"],["dc.title","The diel imprint of leaf metabolism on the δ13C signal of soil respiration under control and drought conditions"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dc.type.subtype","original_ja"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","653"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","660"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","20"],["dc.contributor.author","Göttlicher, Sabine"],["dc.contributor.author","Knohl, Alexander"],["dc.contributor.author","Wanek, Wolfgang"],["dc.contributor.author","Buchmann, Nina"],["dc.contributor.author","Richter, Andreas"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:49:02Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:49:02Z"],["dc.date.issued","2006"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1002/rcm.2352"],["dc.identifier.gro","3147075"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/4802"],["dc.notes.status","public"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.publisher","Wiley-Blackwell"],["dc.relation.issn","0951-4198"],["dc.title","Short-term changes in carbon isotope composition of soluble carbohydrates and starch: from canopy leaves to the root system"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","529"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","7058"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Nature"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","533"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","437"],["dc.contributor.author","Ciais, Philippe"],["dc.contributor.author","Reichstein, Markus"],["dc.contributor.author","Viovy, N."],["dc.contributor.author","Granier, Andre"],["dc.contributor.author","Ogée, Jérôme"],["dc.contributor.author","Allard, V."],["dc.contributor.author","Aubinet, Marc"],["dc.contributor.author","Buchmann, Nina"],["dc.contributor.author","Bernhofer, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Carrara, A."],["dc.contributor.author","Chevallier, F."],["dc.contributor.author","Noblet, N. de"],["dc.contributor.author","Friend, A. D."],["dc.contributor.author","Friedlingstein, P."],["dc.contributor.author","Grünwald, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Heinesch, Bernard"],["dc.contributor.author","Keronen, P."],["dc.contributor.author","Knohl, Alexander"],["dc.contributor.author","Krinner, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Loustau, Denis"],["dc.contributor.author","Manca, Giovanni"],["dc.contributor.author","Matteucci, Giorgio"],["dc.contributor.author","Miglietta, Franco"],["dc.contributor.author","Ourcival, Jean-Marc"],["dc.contributor.author","Papale, Dario"],["dc.contributor.author","Pilegaard, Kim"],["dc.contributor.author","Rambal, Serge"],["dc.contributor.author","Seufert, Günther"],["dc.contributor.author","Soussana, Jean-François"],["dc.contributor.author","Sanz, María José"],["dc.contributor.author","Schulze, Ernst-Detlef"],["dc.contributor.author","Vesala, Timo"],["dc.contributor.author","Valentini, Riccardo"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:49:03Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:49:03Z"],["dc.date.issued","2005"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1038/nature03972"],["dc.identifier.gro","3147064"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/4795"],["dc.notes.status","public"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.publisher","Springer Nature"],["dc.relation.issn","0028-0836"],["dc.title","Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","857"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Agroforestry Systems"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","870"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","87"],["dc.contributor.author","Tiralla, Nina"],["dc.contributor.author","Panferov, Oleg"],["dc.contributor.author","Knohl, Alexander"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:49:07Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:49:07Z"],["dc.date.issued","2013"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s10457-013-9602-4"],["dc.identifier.gro","3147117"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/10337"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/4826"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","public"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","0167-4366"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Abteilung Bioklimatologie"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.title","Allometric relationships of frequently used shade tree species in cacao agroforestry systems in Sulawesi, Indonesia"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dc.type.subtype","original_ja"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","219"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","4"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Theoretical and Applied Climatology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","233"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","84"],["dc.contributor.author","Reithmaier, L. M."],["dc.contributor.author","Göckede, Mathias"],["dc.contributor.author","Markkanen, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Knohl, Alexander"],["dc.contributor.author","Churkina, Galina"],["dc.contributor.author","Rebmann, Corinna"],["dc.contributor.author","Buchmann, Nina"],["dc.contributor.author","Foken, Thomas"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:49:08Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:49:08Z"],["dc.date.issued","2005"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s00704-005-0168-6"],["dc.identifier.gro","3147104"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/4818"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","0177-798X"],["dc.title","Use of remotely sensed land use classification for a better evaluation of micrometeorological flux measurement sites"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","4619"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","20"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Biogeosciences"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","4635"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","14"],["dc.contributor.author","Sabajo, Clifton R."],["dc.contributor.author","le Maire, Guerric"],["dc.contributor.author","June, Tania"],["dc.contributor.author","Meijide Orive, Ana"],["dc.contributor.author","Roupsard, Olivier"],["dc.contributor.author","Knohl, Alexander"],["dc.date.accessioned","2019-07-09T11:44:37Z"],["dc.date.available","2019-07-09T11:44:37Z"],["dc.date.issued","2017"],["dc.description.abstract","Indonesia is currently one of the regions with the highest transformation rate of land surface worldwide related to the expansion of oil palm plantations and other cash crops replacing forests on large scales. Land cover changes, which modify land surface properties, have a direct effect on the land surface temperature (LST), a key driver for many ecological functions. Despite the large historic land transformation in Indonesia toward oil palm and other cash crops and governmental plans for future expansion, this is the first study so far to quantify the impacts of land transformation on the LST in Indonesia. We analyze LST from the thermal band of a Landsat image and produce a highresolution surface temperature map (30 m) for the lowlands of the Jambi province in Sumatra (Indonesia), a region which suffered large land transformation towards oil palm and other cash crops over the past decades. The comparison of LST, albedo, normalized differenced vegetation index (NDVI) and evapotranspiration (ET) between seven different land cover types (forest, urban areas, clear-cut land, young and mature oil palm plantations, acacia and rubber plantations) shows that forests have lower surface temperatures than the other land cover types, indicating a local warming effect after forest conversion. LST differences were up to 10.1 2.6 C (mean SD) between forest and clear-cut land. The differences in surface temperatures are explained by an evaporative cooling effect, which offsets the albedo warming effect. Our analysis of the LST trend of the past 16 years based on MODIS data shows that the average daytime surface temperature in the Jambi province increased by 1.05 C, which followed the trend of observed land cover changes and exceeded the effects of climate warming. This study provides evidence that the expansion of oil palm plantations and other cash crops leads to changes in biophysical variables, warming the land surface and thus enhancing the increase of the air temperature because of climate change."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.5194/bg-14-4619-2017"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/14845"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/59053"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.relation","SFB 990: Ökologische und sozioökonomische Funktionen tropischer Tieflandregenwald-Transformationssysteme (Sumatra, Indonesien)"],["dc.relation","SFB 990 | A | A03: Untersuchung von Land-Atmosphäre Austauschprozesse in Landnutzungsänderungs-Systemen"],["dc.relation.issn","1726-4189"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Abteilung Bioklimatologie"],["dc.subject.ddc","570"],["dc.subject.gro","sfb990_journalarticles"],["dc.title","Expansion of oil palm and other cash crops causes an increase of the land surface temperature in the Jambi province in Indonesia"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original_ja"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","123"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1-2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Agricultural and Forest Meteorology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","145"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","143"],["dc.contributor.author","Granier, A."],["dc.contributor.author","Reichstein, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Bréda, N."],["dc.contributor.author","Janssens, I. A."],["dc.contributor.author","Falge, E."],["dc.contributor.author","Ciais, P."],["dc.contributor.author","Grünwald, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Aubinet, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Berbigier, P."],["dc.contributor.author","Bernhofer, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Buchmann, N."],["dc.contributor.author","Facini, O."],["dc.contributor.author","Grassi, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Heinesch, B."],["dc.contributor.author","Ilvesniemi, H."],["dc.contributor.author","Keronen, P."],["dc.contributor.author","Knohl, A."],["dc.contributor.author","Köstner, B."],["dc.contributor.author","Lagergren, F."],["dc.contributor.author","Lindroth, A."],["dc.contributor.author","Longdoz, B."],["dc.contributor.author","Loustau, D."],["dc.contributor.author","Mateus, J."],["dc.contributor.author","Montagnani, L."],["dc.contributor.author","Nys, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Moors, E."],["dc.contributor.author","Papale, D."],["dc.contributor.author","Peiffer, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Pilegaard, K."],["dc.contributor.author","Pita, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Pumpanen, J."],["dc.contributor.author","Rambal, S."],["dc.contributor.author","Rebmann, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Rodríguez, A."],["dc.contributor.author","Seufert, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Tenhunen, J."],["dc.contributor.author","Vesala, T."],["dc.contributor.author","Wang, Q."],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:49:02Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:49:02Z"],["dc.date.issued","2007"],["dc.description.abstract","The drought of 2003 was exceptionally severe in many regions of Europe, both in duration and in intensity. In some areas, especially in Germany and France, it was the strongest drought for the last 50 years, lasting for more than 6 months. We used continuous carbon and water flux measurements at 12 European monitoring sites covering various forest ecosystem types and a large climatic range in order to characterise the consequences of this drought on ecosystems functioning. As soil water content in the root zone was only monitored in a few sites, a daily water balance model was implemented at each stand to estimate the water balance terms: trees and understorey transpiration, rainfall interception, throughfall, drainage in the different soil layers and soil water content. This model calculated the onset date, duration and intensity of the soil water shortage (called water stress) using measured climate and site properties: leaf area index and phenology that both determine tree transpiration and rainfall interception, soil characteristics and root distribution, both influencing water absorption and drainage. At sites where soil water content was measured, we observed a good agreement between measured and modelled soil water content. Our analysis showed a wide spatial distribution of drought stress over Europe, with a maximum intensity within a large band extending from Portugal to NE Germany. Vapour fluxes in all the investigated sites were reduced by drought, due to stomatal closure, when the relative extractable water in soil (REW) dropped below ca. 0.4. Rainfall events during the drought, however, typically induced rapid restoration of vapour fluxes. Similar to the water vapour fluxes, the net ecosystem production decreased with increasing water stress at all the sites. Both gross primary production (GPP) and total ecosystem respiration (TER) also decreased when REW dropped below 0.4 and 0.2, for GPP and TER, respectively. A higher sensitivity to drought was found in the beech, and surprisingly, in the broadleaved Mediterranean forests; the coniferous stands (spruce and pine) appeared to be less drought-sensitive. The effect of drought on tree growth was also large at the three sites where the annual tree growth was measured. Especially in beech, this growth reduction was more pronounced in the year following the drought (2004). Such lag effects on tree growth should be considered an important feature in forest ecosystems, which may enhance vulnerability to more frequent climate extremes."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.12.004"],["dc.identifier.gro","3147076"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/4803"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","0168-1923"],["dc.title","Evidence for soil water control on carbon and water dynamics in European forests during the extremely dry year: 2003"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","2959"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Biogeosciences"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","2972"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","10"],["dc.contributor.author","Tölle, M. H."],["dc.contributor.author","Moseley, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Panferov, O."],["dc.contributor.author","Busch, G."],["dc.contributor.author","Knohl, Alexander"],["dc.date.accessioned","2022-05-20T06:11:29Z"],["dc.date.available","2022-05-20T06:11:29Z"],["dc.date.issued","2013"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.5194/bgd-9-5153-2012"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/108133"],["dc.relation.orgunit","Abteilung Bioklimatologie"],["dc.title","Water supply patterns in two agricultural areas of Central Germany under climate change conditions"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.subtype","original_ja"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","2005"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","12"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Global Change Biology"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","2019"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","10"],["dc.contributor.author","Anthoni, P. M."],["dc.contributor.author","Knohl, A."],["dc.contributor.author","Rebmann, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Freibauer, A."],["dc.contributor.author","Mund, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Ziegler, W."],["dc.contributor.author","Kolle, O."],["dc.contributor.author","Schulze, E.-D."],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-09-07T11:49:58Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-09-07T11:49:58Z"],["dc.date.issued","2004"],["dc.description.abstract","Eddy covariance was used to measure the net CO2 exchange (NEE) over ecosystems differing in land use (forest and agriculture) in Thuringia, Germany. Measurements were carried out at a managed, even‐aged European beech stand (Fagus sylvatica, 70–150 years old), an unmanaged, uneven‐aged mixed beech stand in a late stage of development (F. sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, Acer pseudoplantanus, and other hardwood trees, 0–250 years old), a managed young Norway spruce stand (Picea abies, 50 years old), and an agricultural field growing winter wheat in 2001, and potato in 2002. Large contrasts were found in NEE rates between the land uses of the ecosystems. The managed and unmanaged beech sites had very similar net CO2 uptake rates (∼−480 to −500 g C m−2 yr−1). Main differences in seasonal NEE patterns between the beech sites were because of a later leaf emergence and higher maximum leaf area index at the unmanaged beech site, probably as a result of the species mix at the site. In contrast, the spruce stand had a higher CO2 uptake in spring but substantially lower net CO2 uptake in summer than the beech stands. This resulted in a near neutral annual NEE (−4 g C m−2 yr−1), mainly attributable to an ecosystem respiration rate almost twice as high as that of the beech stands, despite slightly lower temperatures, because of the higher elevation. Crops in the agricultural field had high CO2 uptake rates, but growing season length was short compared with the forest ecosystems. Therefore, the agricultural land had low‐to‐moderate annual net CO2 uptake (−34 to −193 g C m−2), but with annual harvest taken into account it will be a source of CO2 (+97 to +386 g C m−2). The annually changing patchwork of crops will have strong consequences on the regions' seasonal and annual carbon exchange. Thus, not only land use, but also land‐use history and site‐specific management decisions affect the large‐scale carbon balance."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00863.x"],["dc.identifier.gro","3147505"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/5035"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.notes.submitter","chake"],["dc.relation.issn","1354-1013"],["dc.title","Forest and agricultural land-use-dependent CO2 exchange in Thuringia, Germany"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]