Schulz, Jörg Bernhard

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","261"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","268"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.seriesnr","70"],["dc.contributor.author","Falkenburger, Bjoern H."],["dc.contributor.author","Schulz, Joerg B."],["dc.contributor.editor","Riederer, P."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:37:00Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:37:00Z"],["dc.date.issued","2006"],["dc.description.abstract","Cell cultures for Parkinson's disease research have the advantage of virtually unlimited access, they allow rapid screening for disease pathogenesis and drug candidates, and they restrict the necessary number of animal experiments. Limitations of cell cultures, include that the survival of neurons is dependent upon the culture conditions; that the cells do not develop their natural neuronal networks. In most cases, neurons are deprived from the physiological afferent and efferent connections. In Parkinson's disease research, mesencephalic slice cultures, primary immature doparninergic neurons and immortalized cell lines - either in a proliferating state or in a differentiated state - are used. Neuronal cultures may be plated in the presence or absence of glial cells and serum. These different culture conditions as well as the selection of outcome parameters (morphological evaluation, viability assays, biochemical assays, metabolic assays) have a strong influence on the results of the experiments and the conclusions drawn from them. A primary example is the question of whether L-Dopa is toxic to doparninergic neurons or whether it provides neurotrophic effects: In pure, neuronal-like cultures, L-Dopa provides toxicity, whereas in the presence of glial cells, it provides trophic effects when applied. The multitude of factors that influence the data generated from cell culture experiments indicates that in order to obtain clear-cut and unambiguous results, investigators need to choose their model carefully and are encouraged to verify their main results with different models."],["dc.identifier.isi","000240329000041"],["dc.identifier.pmid","17017539"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/45457"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Springer"],["dc.publisher.place","Wien"],["dc.relation.conference","16th International Congress on Parkinsons Disease and Related Disorders"],["dc.relation.crisseries","Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementum"],["dc.relation.eventend","2005-06-09"],["dc.relation.eventlocation","Berlin, Germany"],["dc.relation.eventstart","2005-06-05"],["dc.relation.isbn","3-211-28927-5"],["dc.relation.isbn","978-3-211-28927-3"],["dc.relation.ispartof","Parkinson's disease and related disorders"],["dc.relation.ispartofseries","Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum; 70"],["dc.relation.issn","0303-6995"],["dc.title","Limitations of cellular models in Parkinson's disease research"],["dc.type","conference_paper"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","467"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","476"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.seriesnr","70"],["dc.contributor.author","Schulz, Joerg B."],["dc.contributor.editor","Riederer, P."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:37:02Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:37:02Z"],["dc.date.issued","2006"],["dc.description.abstract","Apoptosis, whether caspase-dependent or caspase-independent, has been implicated as one of the important mechanisms leading to the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease patients. Major advances of our understanding of apoptosis have been achieved in studies of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra-hydropyridine (MPTP) toxicity in mice and monkeys and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) toxicity in rats and monkeys. The use of viral vectors to either express anti-apoptotic proteins or to downregulate pro-apoptotic proteins has the major advantage of addressing selective molecular targets, bypassing the blood-brain-barrier to specifically target the nigrostriatal pathway by their stereotaxic application and by the choice of the appropriate virus and promotor. Used thus far have been virus-mediated overexpression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, inhibitors of the c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, inhibitors of calpains and dominant negative inhibitors of the protease activating factor (APAF)-1 and cdk5. Most studies implicate the endogenous, mitochondrial pathway in the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons. The results suggest that only an inhibition of this pathway upstream of caspase activation will also result in the protection of nigrostriatal dopaminergic terminals and behavioral benefit, whereas an inhibition of caspases alone may not be sufficient to prevent the degeneration of terminals, although it may promote the survival of neuronal cell bodies for some time."],["dc.identifier.isi","000240329000071"],["dc.identifier.pmid","17017569"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/45468"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Springer"],["dc.publisher.place","Wien"],["dc.relation.conference","16th International Congress on Parkinsons Disease and Related Disorders"],["dc.relation.crisseries","Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementum"],["dc.relation.eventend","2005-06-09"],["dc.relation.eventlocation","Berlin, Germany"],["dc.relation.eventstart","2005-06-05"],["dc.relation.isbn","3-211-28927-5"],["dc.relation.isbn","978-3-211-28927-3"],["dc.relation.ispartof","Parkinson's disease and related disorders"],["dc.relation.ispartofseries","Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum; 70"],["dc.relation.issn","0303-6995"],["dc.title","Anti-apoptotic gene therapy in Parkinson's disease"],["dc.type","conference_paper"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]