Treatment of dysphonia, dysphagia and dyspnea with botulinum toxin

A focal laryngeal dystonia might cause dysphonia, dysphagia or dyspnea. These dysorders can appear discrete or combined. The treatment with botulinum toxin is a symptomatic off-label-use that has to be repetitive every three to six months to conserve a positive outcome. In case of dysphonia and dyspnea the laryngeal muscles and in case of dysphagia the cricopharyngeal muscle and the salivary glands are injected. For a selective indication an interdisciplinary diagnostic is essential.