Fibromyalgia and sports

Fibromyalgia is characterised by widespread musculoskeletal pain, numerous so-called tender points, and nonspecific symptoms such as non-refreshing sleep, fatigue or abdominal complaints. Several studies proved that main motor abilities such as strength, endurance, and flexibility were reduced compared to healthy controls. Physical exercise is experienced as being abnormally strenuous. Intensive physical activity regularly exacerbates pain. Nevertheless, several studies demonstrated that regular aerobic fitness training (e.g., 30 to 45 minutes walking, jogging, or bicycling trice a week) was effective with regard to several symptoms (myalgia, pain threshold, number of tender points). Additionally, the prognosis of fibromyalgia improves. Possible triggering of pain due to intensive exercise requires a cautious increase of the workload. Longterm effects are often endangered by low compliance of many patients. This review summarises the physical restrictions as well as prophylactic and therapeutic effects of physical exercise in fibromyalgia.