Lenk, Christian

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","342"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","6"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Medical Ethics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","346"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","38"],["dc.contributor.author","Lenk, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Beier, Katharina"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:09:56Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:09:56Z"],["dc.date.issued","2012"],["dc.description.abstract","The human body and its parts are widely perceived as matters beyond commercial usage. This belief is codified in several national and European documents. This so-called 'no-property rule' is held to be the default position across the countries of the European Union. However, a closer look at the most pertinent national and European documents, and also current practices in the field, reveals a gradual model of commercialisation of human tissue. In particular, we will argue that the ban on commercialisation of body material is not as strict as it may appear at first sight, leaving room for the commercial practice of tissue procurement and transfer. We argue for more transparent information for patients and tissue donors, an intensified ethical debate on commercialisation practices, and a critical review of current normative principles."],["dc.description.sponsorship","European Union"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1136/jme.2010.038760"],["dc.identifier.isi","000304447500004"],["dc.identifier.pmid","21697294"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/9097"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/26386"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","B M J Publishing Group"],["dc.relation.issn","0306-6800"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.title","Is the commercialisation of human tissue and body material forbidden in the countries of the European Union?"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","522"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","5"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","European Journal of Human Genetics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","525"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","18"],["dc.contributor.author","Goebel, Juergen W."],["dc.contributor.author","Pickardt, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Bedau, Maren"],["dc.contributor.author","Fuchs, Michael"],["dc.contributor.author","Lenk, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Paster, Inga"],["dc.contributor.author","Spranger, Tarde M."],["dc.contributor.author","Stockter, Ulrich"],["dc.contributor.author","Bauer, Ulrike"],["dc.contributor.author","Cooper, David N."],["dc.contributor.author","Krawczak, Michael"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:43:16Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:43:16Z"],["dc.date.issued","2010"],["dc.description.abstract","The international transfer of human biomaterial and data has become a prerequisite for collaborative biomedical research to be successful. However, although a national legal framework for 'biobanking' has already been formulated in many countries, little is known about how an international exchange of data and samples might affect the legal position of national biobanks and their donors. The German Telematics Platform and the Competence Network 'Congenital Heart Defects' jointly instigated a project(BMB-EUCoop) to (i) identify and assess the legal risks ensuing for biobanks and their donors in the context of Europe-wide research collaborations, (ii) devise practical recommendations to minimize or avoid these risks, and (iii) provide generic informational text, contracts and agreements to facilitate their practical implementation. Four different countries were included in the study; namely, the UK, Netherlands, Austria and Switzerland. The results of the study indicate that the degree of similarity between legal systems in different countries varies according to the respective field of jurisdiction. Although personality and property rights have long been enshrined in virtually identical pieces of law, the applicable medical professional regulations were found to be somewhat heterogeneous. Furthermore, clear-cut differences were often found to be lacking between regulations that reflect either 'soft law' or the nationally binding 'hard law' that has emerged from it. In view of the potential ambiguities, the experts uniformly concluded that the rights and interests of national (in this case, German) biobanks and their donors would be best protected by explicitly addressing any uncertainties in formal contractual agreements. European Journal of Human Genetics (2010) 18, 522-525; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.214; published online 2 December 2009"],["dc.description.sponsorship","German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [V010-02]"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1038/ejhg.2009.214"],["dc.identifier.isi","000276955500003"],["dc.identifier.pmid","19953124"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/19918"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Nature Publishing Group"],["dc.relation.issn","1018-4813"],["dc.title","Legal and ethical consequences of international biobanking from a national perspective: the German BMB-EUCoop project"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","85"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","1"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Medical Ethics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","87"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","30"],["dc.contributor.author","Lenk, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Radenbach, K."],["dc.contributor.author","Dahl, Matthias"],["dc.contributor.author","Wiesemann, Claudia"],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-10-16T10:54:28Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-10-16T10:54:28Z"],["dc.date.issued","2004"],["dc.description.abstract","Objectives: Clinical trials in humans in Germany—as in many other countries—must be approved by localresearch ethics committees (RECs). The current study has been designed to document and evaluatedecisions of chairpersons of RECs in the problematic field of non-therapeutic research with minors. Theauthors’ purpose was to examine whether non-therapeutic research was acceptable for chairpersons atall, and whether there was certainty on how to decide in research trials involving more than minimal risk.Design: In a questionnaire, REC chairpersons had to evaluate five different scenarios with (in parts) nontherapeuticresearch. The scenarios described realistic potential research projects with minors, involvingincreasing levels of risk for the research participants. The chairpersons had to decide whether therespective projects should be approved.Methods: A total of 49 German REC chairpersons were sent questionnaires; 29 questionnaires werereturned. The main measurements were approval or rejection of research scenarios.Results: Chairpersons of German RECs generally tend to accept non-therapeutic research with minors ifthe apparent risk for the participating children is low. If the risk is clearly higher than ‘‘minimal’’, thechairpersons’ decisions differ widely.Conclusion: The fact that there seem to be different attitudes of chairpersons to non-therapeutic researchwith minors is problematic from an ethical point of view. It suggests a general uncertainty about thestandards of protection for minor research participants in Germany. Therefore, further ethical and legalregulation of non-therapeutic research with minors in Germany seems necessary."],["dc.format.mimetype","application/pdf"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1136/jme.2003.005900"],["dc.identifier.fs","17497"],["dc.identifier.gro","3146746"],["dc.identifier.pmid","14872082"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?goescholar/4135"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/9420"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","Migrated from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.issn","0306-6800"],["dc.rights","Goescholar"],["dc.rights.access","openAccess"],["dc.rights.uri","https://goescholar.uni-goettingen.de/licenses"],["dc.subject","REC, research ethics committee"],["dc.subject.ddc","610"],["dc.title","Non-therapeutic research with minors: how do chairpersons of German research ethics committees decide?"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dc.type.version","submitted_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1653"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","27"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","1655"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","130"],["dc.contributor.author","Lenk, C."],["dc.contributor.author","Biller-Andorno, N."],["dc.contributor.author","Alt-Epping, B."],["dc.contributor.author","Anders, M."],["dc.contributor.author","Wiesemann, C."],["dc.date.accessioned","2017-10-16T10:54:26Z"],["dc.date.available","2017-10-16T10:54:26Z"],["dc.date.issued","2005"],["dc.description.abstract","Mit dem Jahreswechsel 2003/2004 vollzog sich im stationären Sektor des deutschen Gesundheitswesens ein Wechsel von der bisherigen tagespauschalierten Vergütung medizinischer Leistungen hin zur Vergütung nach „Fallpauschalen” (diagnosis related groups, DRGs). Damit deutet sich zugleich ein Paradigmenwechsel in der Leistungsallokation an - weg von der gleichmäßigen Versorgung in der Fläche, hin zur Konzentration auf spezialisierte Zentren - dessen ethische Implikationen noch unklar sind. Einerseits erhofft man sich eine Reduzierung der Kosten im Bereich der stationären Krankenversorgung. Andererseits ist fraglich, ob diese Kostenreduktion nicht zu einer schlechteren Versorgung von multimorbiden und chronisch kranken Patienten führt. Das neue System dürfte zwar dem aktiven, autonom entscheidenden Patienten entgegenkommen, der ein Mehr an Informationen aus den geplanten Qualitätsberichten nutzt, um für sich ein Maximum an hochwertigen medizinischen Dienstleistungen zu realisieren. Auf der anderen Seite könnte das neue System aber Patientengruppen benachteiligen, die zur aktiven Nutzung solcher Informationen nicht oder weniger gut in der Lage sind. Ohne die Lage im deutschen Gesundheitswesen vor Einführung von Fallpauschalen positiv verklären zu wollen, sollen deshalb im vorliegenden Artikel anhand von Studienergebnissen aus den USA Konsequenzen abgeschätzt und in ihrer ethischen Dimension eingeordnet werden."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1055/s-2005-871880"],["dc.identifier.gro","3146726"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/9398"],["dc.language.iso","de"],["dc.notes.status","final"],["dc.relation.issn","0012-0472"],["dc.title","Ethik und Fallpauschalen"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","unknown"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","no"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","136"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Journal of Medical Ethics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","140"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","30"],["dc.contributor.author","Biller-Andorno, N."],["dc.contributor.author","Lenk, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Leititis, J."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T10:49:59Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T10:49:59Z"],["dc.date.issued","2004"],["dc.description.abstract","Matters of hospital management do not figure prominently on the medical ethics agenda. However, management decisions that have to be taken in the area of hospital care are in fact riddled with ethical questions and do have significant impact on patients, staff members, and the community being served. In this decision making process evidence based medicine (EBM) plays an increasingly important role as a tool for rationalising as well as rationing health care resources. In this article, ethical issues of hospital management and the role of EBM will be explored, with particular reference to disease management programs, diagnosis related groups, and clinical pathways as recent developments in the German health care system."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1136/jme.2003.007161"],["dc.identifier.isi","000220813300006"],["dc.identifier.pmid","15082805"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/48555"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","B M J Publishing Group"],["dc.relation.issn","0306-6800"],["dc.title","Ethics, EBM, and hospital management"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","537"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","546"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","10"],["dc.contributor.author","Lenk, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Duttge, Gunnar"],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T09:46:02Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T09:46:02Z"],["dc.date.issued","2014"],["dc.description.abstract","For more than 20 years the off-label use of drugs has been an essential part of the ethical and legal considerations regarding the international regulation of drug licensing. Despite a number of regulatory initiatives in the European Union, there seems to remain a largely unsatisfactory situation following a number of critical descriptions and statements from actors in the field. The present article gives an overview of the ethical and legal framework and developments in European countries and identifies existing problems and possible pathways for solutions in this important regulatory area. In addition to the presentation of the ethical and legal foundations, some attention is given to criticisms from medical practitioners to the current handling of off-label drug use. The review also focuses on the situation confronted by patients and physicians when off-label prescriptions are necessary. Through legal descriptions from a number of countries, possible solutions for future discussion of European health care policy are selected and explained."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.2147/TCRM.S40232"],["dc.identifier.isi","000338788000001"],["dc.identifier.pmid","25050064"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/11881"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/34773"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Dove Medical Press Ltd"],["dc.relation.issn","1178-203X"],["dc.rights","CC BY-NC 3.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0"],["dc.title","Ethical and legal framework and regulation for off-label use: European perspective"],["dc.type","review"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","173"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","2"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","184"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","10"],["dc.contributor.author","Lenk, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Biller-Andorno, Nikola"],["dc.date.accessioned","2021-06-01T10:49:19Z"],["dc.date.available","2021-06-01T10:49:19Z"],["dc.date.issued","2006"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s11019-006-9014-6"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/86245"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI-Import GROB-425"],["dc.relation.eissn","1572-8633"],["dc.relation.issn","1386-7423"],["dc.title","Nanomedicine–emerging or re-emerging ethical issues? A discussion of four ethical themes"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","1069"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","12"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","Der Radiologe"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","+"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","46"],["dc.contributor.author","Schaefer, Caroline"],["dc.contributor.author","Lenk, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Koelbl, O."],["dc.date.accessioned","2018-11-07T08:56:02Z"],["dc.date.available","2018-11-07T08:56:02Z"],["dc.date.issued","2006"],["dc.description.abstract","The article gives a review of the current state of education in medical ethics in Germany. The issue is considered from the viewpoint of radio-oncology. Both the pertinent literature and our own experience in teaching medical ethics are presented. In October 2003, medical ethics was integrated into the curriculum of medicine. The aim was to train competence in the field of personal attitudes and to intensify skills of moral reasoning. Our own experiences are positive, which is in accordance with the reports of other working groups. Most of the students were interested in education in medical ethics and looked upon ethical training as being an important part of their studies. Medical students are interested in ethical education during the clinical period of their studies, which has been taken into account since the actual change of the curriculum. Radio-oncologists as specialists in other clinical fields can offer important contributions when they discuss clinical cases from the viewpoint of medical ethics. The long-term effect of such an education will become the subject of future research."],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1007/s00117-005-1307-x"],["dc.identifier.isi","000245968000008"],["dc.identifier.pmid","16320013"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/23047"],["dc.notes.status","zu prüfen"],["dc.notes.submitter","Najko"],["dc.publisher","Springer"],["dc.relation.issn","0033-832X"],["dc.title","Instruction in medical ethics during clinical training for medical students"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.peerReviewed","yes"],["dc.type.status","published"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","e0198249"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","6"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","PLoS One"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","13"],["dc.contributor.author","Flatau, Laura"],["dc.contributor.author","Reitt, Markus"],["dc.contributor.author","Duttge, Gunnar"],["dc.contributor.author","Lenk, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Zoll, Barbara"],["dc.contributor.author","Poser, Wolfgang"],["dc.contributor.author","Weber, Alexandra"],["dc.contributor.author","Heilbronner, Urs"],["dc.contributor.author","Rietschel, Marcella"],["dc.contributor.author","Strohmaier, Jana"],["dc.contributor.author","Kesberg, Rebekka"],["dc.contributor.author","Nagel, Jonas"],["dc.contributor.author","Schulze, Thomas G."],["dc.contributor.editor","DeAngelis, Margaret M."],["dc.date.accessioned","2020-12-10T18:42:07Z"],["dc.date.available","2020-12-10T18:42:07Z"],["dc.date.issued","2018"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1371/journal.pone.0198249"],["dc.identifier.eissn","1932-6203"],["dc.identifier.purl","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gs-1/15687"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/77816"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-354"],["dc.notes.intern","Merged from goescholar"],["dc.rights","CC BY 4.0"],["dc.rights.uri","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],["dc.title","Genomic information and a person’s right not to know: A closer look at variations in hypothetical informational preferences in a German sample"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dc.type.version","published_version"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]

[["dc.bibliographiccitation.firstpage","576"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.issue","8"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.journal","American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.lastpage","588"],["dc.bibliographiccitation.volume","180"],["dc.contributor.author","Lenk, Christian"],["dc.contributor.author","Duttge, Gunnar"],["dc.contributor.author","Flatau, Laura"],["dc.contributor.author","Frommeld, Debora"],["dc.contributor.author","Poser, Wolfgang"],["dc.contributor.author","Reitt, Markus"],["dc.contributor.author","Schulze, Thomas"],["dc.contributor.author","Weber, Alexandra"],["dc.contributor.author","Zoll, Barbara"],["dc.date.accessioned","2020-12-10T14:07:21Z"],["dc.date.available","2020-12-10T14:07:21Z"],["dc.date.issued","2019"],["dc.identifier.doi","10.1002/ajmg.b.32751"],["dc.identifier.eissn","1552-485X"],["dc.identifier.issn","1552-4841"],["dc.identifier.uri","https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/70183"],["dc.language.iso","en"],["dc.notes.intern","DOI Import GROB-354"],["dc.title","A look into the future? Patients' and health care staff's perception and evaluation of genetic information and the right not to know"],["dc.type","journal_article"],["dc.type.internalPublication","yes"],["dspace.entity.type","Publication"]]